<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
minimum	O
time	O
required	O
for	O
an	O
electric	O
current	O
double	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
rheobase	O
to	O
stimulate	O
a	O
muscle	O
or	O
a	O
neuron	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
density	O
of	O
voltage-gated	O
sodium	O
channels	O
in	O
the	O
cell	O
,	O
which	O
affect	O
that	O
cell	O
’s	O
excitability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
varies	O
across	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
tissue	O
:	O
fast-twitch	O
muscles	O
have	O
a	O
lower	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
,	O
slow-twitch	O
muscles	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
occurs	O
with	O
a	O
pulse	O
duration	O
equal	O
to	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
terms	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
and	O
rheobase	O
were	O
first	O
coined	O
in	O
Louis	O
Lapicque	O
’s	O
famous	O
paper	O
on	O
Définition	O
expérimentale	O
de	O
l’excitabilité	O
that	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
1909	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notice	O
that	O
the	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
(	O
c	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
explicitly	O
present	O
here	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
values	O
increase	O
resulting	O
from	O
hyperventilation	O
can	O
be	O
ascribed	O
to	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
skin	O
impedance	O
,	O
the	O
physiological	O
factors	O
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
change	O
being	O
under	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
autonomic	O
nervous	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
preponderating	O
influence	O
which	O
the	O
condition	O
of	O
the	O
skin	O
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
tissues	O
may	O
exert	O
compels	O
caution	O
in	O
judging	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
measurements	O
by	O
percutaneous	O
stimulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
values	O
for	O
mammalian	O
ventricles	O
at	O
body	O
temperature	O
range	O
from	O
0.5	O
ms	O
(	O
human	O
)	O
to	O
2.0	O
to	O
4.1	O
ms	O
(	O
dog	O
)	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
8.2/1	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
times	O
ranging	O
from	O
50	O
to	O
100	O
µs	O
and	O
30	O
to	O
200	O
µs	O
,	O
and	O
neuronal	O
cell	O
bodies	O
and	O
dendrites	O
have	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
times	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
10	O
ms	O
or	O
even	O
up	O
to	O
30	O
ms.	O
</s>
<s>
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
times	O
are	O
further	O
confounded	O
by	O
additional	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reduction	O
in	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
occurs	O
during	O
reinnervation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
published	O
values	O
for	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
have	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
strength-duration	O
curve	O
for	O
current	O
and	O
it	O
shows	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
stimulus	O
duration	O
is	O
shorter	O
than	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
,	O
more	O
current	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
stimulate	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
value	O
,	O
however	O
determined	O
,	O
identifies	O
the	O
pulse	O
duration	O
for	O
minimum	O
energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
charge	O
delivered	O
at	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
,	O
however	O
determined	O
,	O
is	O
2	O
,	O
twice	O
the	O
minimum	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
value	O
of	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
comparing	O
excitability	O
across	O
different	O
experiments	O
and	O
measurements	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
standard	O
,	O
thus	O
making	O
data	O
comparisons	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electrical	O
stimulation	O
based	O
on	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
could	O
regulate	O
myoD	O
gene	O
expression	O
in	O
denervated	O
muscle	O
fibers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
and	O
excitability	O
values	O
 '	O
medical	O
application	O
is	O
electromyography	O
,	O
a	O
technique	O
for	O
evaluating	O
and	O
recording	O
the	O
electrical	O
activity	O
produced	O
by	O
skeletal	O
muscle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
tetany	O
of	O
hypoparathyroidism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
excitation	O
process	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
is	O
increased	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
parathyroidectomy	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Acute	O
intoxication	O
of	O
rats	O
with	O
aldrin	O
decreases	O
chronaxie	B-Algorithm
,	O
whereas	O
chronic	O
exposure	O
to	O
this	O
chlorinated	O
hydrocarbon	O
insecticide	O
has	O
the	O
reverse	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
