<s>
A	O
chart	O
(	O
sometimes	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
graphical	O
representation	O
for	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
"	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
represented	O
by	O
symbols	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
bars	O
in	O
a	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
,	O
lines	O
in	O
a	O
line	B-Application
chart	I-Application
,	O
or	O
slices	O
in	O
a	O
pie	B-Application
chart	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
chart	O
can	O
represent	O
tabular	B-Application
numeric	O
data	O
,	O
functions	B-Application
or	O
some	O
kinds	O
of	O
quality	O
structure	O
and	O
provides	O
different	O
info	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
data	O
chart	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
diagram	O
or	O
graph	B-Application
,	O
that	O
organizes	O
and	O
represents	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
numerical	O
or	O
qualitative	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maps	O
that	O
are	O
adorned	O
with	O
extra	O
information	O
(	O
map	O
surround	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
purpose	O
are	O
often	O
known	O
as	O
charts	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
nautical	B-Application
chart	I-Application
or	O
aeronautical	O
chart	O
,	O
typically	O
spread	O
over	O
several	O
map	O
sheets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
domain-specific	O
constructs	O
are	O
sometimes	O
called	O
charts	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
chord	O
chart	O
in	O
music	O
notation	O
or	O
a	O
record	O
chart	O
for	O
album	O
popularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charts	B-Application
are	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
ease	O
understanding	O
of	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charts	B-Application
can	O
usually	O
be	O
read	O
more	O
quickly	O
than	O
the	O
raw	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
fields	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
by	O
hand	O
(	O
often	O
on	O
graph	B-Application
paper	O
)	O
or	O
by	O
computer	O
using	O
a	O
charting	B-Application
application	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
types	O
of	O
charts	B-Application
are	O
more	O
useful	O
for	O
presenting	O
a	O
given	O
data	O
set	O
than	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
data	O
that	O
presents	O
percentages	O
in	O
different	O
groups	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
satisfied	O
,	O
not	O
satisfied	O
,	O
unsure	O
"	O
)	O
are	O
often	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
pie	B-Application
chart	I-Application
,	O
but	O
maybe	O
more	O
easily	O
understood	O
when	O
presented	O
in	O
a	O
horizontal	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
data	O
that	O
represents	O
numbers	O
that	O
change	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
annual	O
revenue	O
from	O
1990	O
to	O
2000	O
"	O
)	O
might	O
be	O
best	O
shown	O
as	O
a	O
line	B-Application
chart	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
uses	O
of	O
text	O
in	O
a	O
graph	B-Application
is	O
the	O
title	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
graph	B-Application
's	O
title	O
usually	O
appears	O
above	O
the	O
main	O
graphic	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
succinct	O
description	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
graph	B-Application
refers	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
graph	B-Application
,	O
a	O
grid	O
of	O
lines	O
may	O
appear	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
visual	O
alignment	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
inferences	O
or	O
points	O
of	O
interest	O
can	O
be	O
overlaid	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
graph	B-Application
to	O
further	O
aid	O
information	O
extraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Four	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
charts	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
tabular	B-Application
frequencies	O
,	O
shown	O
as	O
adjacent	O
rectangles	O
,	O
erected	O
over	O
discrete	O
intervals	O
(	O
bins	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
area	O
equal	O
to	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
the	O
observations	O
in	O
the	O
interval	O
;	O
first	O
introduced	O
by	O
Karl	O
Pearson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
is	O
a	O
chart	O
with	O
rectangular	O
bars	O
with	O
lengths	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
values	O
that	O
they	O
represent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
known	O
bar	B-Application
charts	I-Application
are	O
usually	O
attributed	O
to	O
Nicole	O
Oresme	O
,	O
Joseph	O
Priestley	O
,	O
and	O
William	O
Playfair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pie	B-Application
chart	I-Application
shows	O
percentage	O
values	O
as	O
a	O
slice	O
of	O
a	O
pie	O
;	O
first	O
introduced	O
by	O
William	O
Playfair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
line	B-Application
chart	I-Application
is	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
scatterplot	O
of	O
ordered	O
observations	O
where	O
the	O
observations	O
are	O
connected	O
following	O
their	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
known	O
line	B-Application
charts	I-Application
are	O
usually	O
credited	O
to	O
Francis	O
Hauksbee	O
,	O
Nicolaus	O
Samuel	O
Cruquius	O
,	O
Johann	O
Heinrich	O
Lambert	O
and	O
William	O
Playfair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
common	O
charts	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
less	O
common	O
charts	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bubble	B-Application
chart	I-Application
is	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
scatterplot	O
where	O
a	O
third	O
variable	O
is	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
polar	O
area	O
diagram	O
,	O
sometimes	O
called	O
a	O
Coxcomb	O
chart	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
enhanced	O
form	O
of	O
pie	B-Application
chart	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
Florence	O
Nightingale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
radar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
or	O
"	O
spider	B-Application
chart	I-Application
"	O
or	O
"	O
doi	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
chart	O
of	O
three	O
or	O
more	O
quantitative	O
variables	O
represented	O
on	O
axes	O
starting	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
waterfall	B-Application
chart	I-Application
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
Walk	O
"	O
chart	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
type	O
of	O
floating-column	O
chart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
tree	B-Application
map	I-Application
where	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
rectangles	O
correspond	O
to	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stock	O
market	O
prices	O
are	O
often	O
depicted	O
with	O
an	O
open-high-low-close	B-Application
chart	I-Application
with	O
a	O
traditional	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
of	O
volume	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Candlestick	B-Application
charts	I-Application
are	O
another	O
type	O
of	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
used	O
to	O
describe	O
price	O
movements	O
of	O
an	O
equity	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Kagi	B-Application
chart	I-Application
is	O
a	O
time-independent	O
stock	O
tracking	O
chart	O
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
minimise	O
noise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
where	O
less	O
detail	O
is	O
required	O
,	O
and	O
chart	O
size	O
is	O
paramount	O
,	O
a	O
Sparkline	B-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interest	O
rates	O
,	O
temperatures	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
the	O
period	O
are	O
plotted	O
with	O
a	O
line	B-Application
chart	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
planners	O
use	O
a	O
Gantt	B-Application
chart	I-Application
to	O
show	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
tasks	O
as	O
they	O
occur	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
better-known	O
named	O
charts	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
specific	O
charts	B-Application
have	O
become	O
well	O
known	O
by	O
effectively	O
explaining	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
or	O
idea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Gantt	B-Application
chart	I-Application
helps	O
in	O
scheduling	O
complex	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Smith	B-Application
chart	I-Application
serves	O
in	O
radio	B-Application
electronics	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
dozens	O
of	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
charts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
charts	B-Application
can	O
be	O
drawn	O
by	O
hand	O
,	O
computer	O
software	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
automatically	O
produce	O
a	O
chart	O
based	O
on	O
entered	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
examples	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
software	O
tools	O
,	O
see	O
List	B-Application
of	I-Application
charting	I-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
