<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
usually	O
the	O
human	O
head	O
,	O
especially	O
by	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
such	O
as	O
radiography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Craniometry	O
,	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
cranium	O
(	O
skull	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
subset	O
of	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
also	O
has	O
a	O
history	O
in	O
phrenology	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
personality	O
and	O
character	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
physiognomy	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
facial	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
as	O
applied	O
in	O
a	O
comparative	O
anatomy	O
context	O
informs	O
biological	O
anthropology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
clinical	O
contexts	O
such	O
as	O
dentistry	O
and	O
oral	O
and	O
maxillofacial	O
surgery	O
,	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
analysis	O
helps	O
in	O
treatment	O
and	O
research	O
;	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
landmarks	O
guide	O
surgeons	O
in	O
planning	O
and	O
operating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
history	O
of	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
(	O
cephalo	O
-	O
+	O
-metry	O
,	O
"	O
head	O
measurement	O
"	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
through	O
art	O
,	O
science	O
,	O
and	O
anthropology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1931	O
,	O
orthodontists	O
consecrated	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
1960s	O
began	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
computed	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
radiology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
carry	O
out	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
X-ray	O
source	O
is	O
placed	O
a	O
steady	O
five	O
feet	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
mid	O
sagittal	O
plane	O
,	O
with	O
film	O
situated	O
just	O
15	O
cm	O
from	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distance	O
has	O
a	O
direct	O
impact	O
on	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
image	O
magnification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometric	B-Algorithm
analysis	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
dentistry	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
in	O
orthodontics	O
,	O
to	O
gauge	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
spatial	O
relationships	O
of	O
the	O
teeth	O
,	O
jaws	O
,	O
and	O
cranium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
focuses	O
on	O
linear	O
and	O
angular	O
dimensions	O
established	O
by	O
bone	O
,	O
teeth	O
,	O
and	O
facial	O
measurements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasound	B-Application
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
is	O
useful	O
for	O
determining	O
baby	O
growth	O
in	O
utero	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
can	O
also	O
determine	O
if	O
an	O
unborn	O
child	O
will	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
birth	O
canal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
3D	B-Algorithm
imaging	O
applications	O
are	O
now	O
used	O
in	O
obstetric	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1961	O
,	O
Donald	O
and	O
Brown	O
employed	O
ultrasound	B-Application
technique	O
for	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
fetal	O
head	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
scientists	O
tried	O
the	O
method	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
ultrasound	B-Application
technique	O
was	O
3mm	O
different	O
than	O
the	O
post-natal	O
measurement	O
with	O
calipers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
ultrasound	B-Application
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
is	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
other	O
radiographic	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
far	O
,	O
no	O
ill	O
effects	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
fetus	O
or	O
the	O
mother	O
using	O
the	O
ultrasound	B-Application
fetal	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
forensic	O
investigations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
utilized	O
scanned	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
radiographs	O
to	O
conduct	O
the	O
study	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cephalometry	B-Algorithm
remains	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
and	O
useful	O
method	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
craniofacial	O
skeletal	O
morphology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
concluded	O
that	O
four	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
anthropomorphic	O
parameters	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
apnea-hypopnea	O
index	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Scottish	O
study	O
used	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
radiographs	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
find	O
cause	O
of	O
sleep	O
apnea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
using	O
a	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
analysis	O
program	O
,	O
a	O
study	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
conclude	O
that	O
people	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
midface	O
length	O
and	O
an	O
inferiorly	O
placed	O
hyoid	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
smaller	O
airways	O
which	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
obstructive	O
sleep	O
apnea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
did	O
find	O
that	O
using	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
there	O
is	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
craniofacial	O
morphology	O
of	O
persons	O
with	O
obstructive	O
sleep	O
apnea	O
versus	O
the	O
healthy	O
population	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dolphin	O
Imaging	O
Cephalometric	B-Algorithm
and	O
Tracing	O
Software	O
is	O
a	O
cephalometric	B-Algorithm
analysis	O
that	O
can	O
measure	O
airway	O
dimensions	O
and	O
dentofacial	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
cephalometry	B-Algorithm
become	O
more	O
digitized	O
by	O
using	O
different	O
programs	O
and	O
scanners	O
,	O
caution	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
when	O
interpreting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
