<s>
Cello	B-Application
is	O
an	O
early	O
,	O
discontinued	O
graphical	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	I-Application
;	O
it	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Thomas	O
R	O
.	O
Bruce	O
of	O
the	O
Legal	O
Information	O
Institute	O
at	O
Cornell	O
Law	O
School	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
shareware	B-License
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
other	O
browsers	B-Application
ran	O
on	O
various	O
Unix	B-Application
machines	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
using	O
the	O
winsock	B-Application
system	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
basic	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Cello	B-Application
worked	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
3.5	I-Device
and	O
with	O
small	O
modifications	O
on	O
OS/2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
was	O
created	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
demand	O
for	O
Web	O
access	O
by	O
lawyers	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
use	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
than	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
supporting	O
earlier	O
Web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
browser	B-Application
meant	O
many	O
legal	O
experts	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
access	O
legal	O
information	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
hypertext	O
on	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
was	O
popular	O
during	O
1993/1994	O
,	O
but	O
fell	O
out	O
of	O
favor	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
,	O
after	O
which	O
Cello	B-Application
development	O
was	O
abandoned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
was	O
first	O
publicly	O
released	O
on	O
8	O
June	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
Legal	O
Information	O
Institute	O
at	O
Cornell	O
Law	O
School	O
has	O
licensed	O
the	O
Cello	B-Application
2.0	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
commercial	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
is	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
from	O
its	O
original	O
homepage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Cello	B-Application
started	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
with	O
beta	O
versions	O
planned	O
for	O
June	O
1993	O
and	O
a	O
release	O
for	O
July	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
most	O
lawyers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
lawyers	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
website	O
,	O
the	O
Legal	O
Information	O
Institute	O
developed	O
the	O
first	O
Windows-based	O
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
other	O
browsers	B-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
CERN	O
's	O
WWW	O
libraries	O
called	O
libwww	B-Protocol
,	O
PCs	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
were	O
not	O
powerful	O
enough	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
UNIX-oriented	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Thomas	O
Bruce	O
had	O
to	O
rewrite	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
WWW	O
libraries	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
commercial	O
browsers	B-Application
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
used	O
none	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
's	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
thus	O
had	O
a	O
different	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steven	O
Sinofsky	O
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
division	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
wrote	O
in	O
a	O
June	O
1994	O
email	O
:	O
We	O
do	O
not	O
currently	O
plan	O
on	O
any	O
other	O
client	O
software	O
[	O
in	O
the	O
upcoming	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
95 ]	O
,	O
especially	O
something	O
like	O
Mosaic	B-Application
or	O
Cello	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
on	O
11	O
January	O
1995	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
licensed	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
technology	O
from	O
Spyglass	B-Application
,	O
which	O
it	O
would	O
use	O
to	O
create	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
August	O
1995	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
debuted	O
its	O
own	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
1	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
ship	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
,	O
it	O
shipped	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
Plus	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
released	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
was	O
the	O
only	O
browser	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
launch	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
was	O
being	O
downloaded	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
500	O
copies	O
per	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
most	O
websites	O
were	O
visited	O
using	O
either	O
the	O
Cello	B-Application
browser	B-Application
or	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
having	O
fewer	O
features	O
than	O
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
Cello	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
simpler	O
interface	O
and	O
lower	O
system	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
was	O
praised	O
for	O
being	O
easy	O
to	O
install	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
necessary	O
to	O
install	O
Win32s	B-Library
or	O
a	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
for	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
,	O
which	O
offered	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
interface	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
fell	O
into	O
disuse	O
and	O
was	O
abandoned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1995	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
,	O
like	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
was	O
overshadowed	O
by	O
two	O
newer	O
browsers	B-Application
—	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
and	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
—	O
and	O
fell	O
into	O
disuse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1999	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
was	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
"	O
historical	O
"	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
casualties	O
of	O
the	O
Browser	B-Application
wars	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
had	O
the	O
following	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
Cello	B-Application
did	O
not	O
have	O
toolbar	O
buttons	O
,	O
and	O
instead	O
commands	O
were	O
accessed	O
through	O
pull-down	O
menus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
supported	O
the	O
following	O
protocols	O
:	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
1.0	I-Protocol
,	O
Gopher	B-Protocol
(	O
but	O
not	O
Gopher+	O
)	O
,	O
read-only	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
mailing	O
,	O
Telnet	B-Protocol
,	O
Usenet	B-Application
,	O
CSO/ph/qi	B-Protocol
directly	O
and	O
WAIS	B-Protocol
,	O
HyTelnet	O
,	O
TechInfo	O
,	O
Archie	B-Protocol
,	O
X.500	B-Protocol
,	O
TN3270	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
others	O
through	O
public	O
gateways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
supported	O
the	O
following	O
FTP	B-Protocol
servers	O
:	O
most	O
Unix	B-Application
servers	O
(	O
including	O
SunOS	O
,	O
System	O
V	O
,	O
and	O
Linux	O
)	O
,	O
IBM	O
VM	O
,	O
VMS	O
systems	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
NT	O
,	O
QVTNet	O
,	O
NCSA/CUTCP/Rutgers	O
PC	O
servers	O
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
Software	O
PC	O
server	O
,	O
HellSoft	O
NLM	O
for	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
works	O
best	O
with	O
a	O
direct	O
Ethernet	O
connection	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
supports	O
SLIP	B-Protocol
and	O
PPP	B-Protocol
dialup	O
connections	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
asynchronous	O
sockets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
has	O
an	O
integrated	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
runtime	O
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
16-bit	O
Cello	B-Application
Releases	O
Version	O
DateIf	O
no	O
reference	O
is	O
given	O
and	O
dates	O
differ	O
across	O
files	O
,	O
oldest	O
date	O
is	O
taken	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
in	O
kb	O
)	O
Download	O
Notes	O
0.1	O
8	O
June	O
1993	O
Beta	O
347	O
evolt	O
Requires	O
DistinctMirror	O
ftp.w3.org/pc-binaries/windows	O
to	O
run	O
0.2	O
14	O
June	O
1993	O
Beta	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Browser	B-Application
request	O
contain	O
only	O
a	O
GET	O
line.GET	O
url	O
\x0a	O
Does	O
n't	O
support	O
redirectionsWINSOCK	O
alpha	O
r614	O
October	O
1993Alpha362	O
(	O
cello-ws.zip	O
)	O
Browser	B-Application
request	O
contain	O
only	O
a	O
GET	O
line.GET	O
url	O
\x0d\x0a	O
Does	O
n't	O
support	O
redirections	O
0.8	O
5	O
November	O
1993	O
Beta	O
Changelog	O
(	O
Distinct	O
version	O
discontinued	O
)	O
0.9Given	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
about	O
Cello	B-Application
"	O
-	O
windows	B-Application
in	O
Cello	B-Application
.9	O
beta	O
12	O
November	O
1993	O
Beta-pre	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
0.9Given	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
README.1ST	O
"	O
of	O
Cello	B-Application
16	O
November	O
1993	O
Beta	O
487	O
Changelog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Search	O
for	O
string	O
"	O
HTTP/	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Redirections	O
are	O
supported.Browser	O
hangs	O
when	O
"	O
Location	O
"	O
header	O
is	O
n't	O
an	O
exact	O
match	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
if	O
its	O
all	O
in	O
lowercase	O
like	O
on	O
this	O
redirect	O
test	O
page	O
)	O
Crashes	O
on	O
pages	O
with	O
unsupported	O
image	O
filesAlso	O
crashes	O
when	O
image	O
source	O
does	O
n't	O
contain	O
an	O
url	O
with	O
file	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
images	O
(	O
information	O
taken	O
from	O
exe	O
file	O
;	O
both	O
lowercase	O
and	O
uppercase	O
file	O
extensions	O
)	O
:	O
gif	O
(	O
not	O
animated	O
)	O
,	O
bmp	B-Device
,	O
pcx	O
,	O
xbm	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
0.9Given	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
DEFAULT.HTML	O
"	O
of	O
Cello	B-Application
.9	O
22	O
November	O
1993	O
WINSOCK	B-Application
alpha	O
r9.2	O
494	O
Issues	O
from	O
0.9	O
beta	O
still	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
issue	O
:	O
in	O
img	O
tag	O
,	O
src	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
attributeIf	O
src	O
attribute	O
is	O
n't	O
last	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
will	O
treat	O
everything	O
after	O
src	O
=	O
as	O
image	O
url	O
(	O
after	O
removing	O
all	O
quotes	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
img	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Cello	B-Application
2.0	O
had	O
been	O
announced	O
,	O
development	O
ceased	O
before	O
a	O
public	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
released	O
a	O
fix	O
for	O
their	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
V2.0	O
stack	O
so	O
that	O
Cello	B-Application
would	O
work	O
with	O
OS/2	B-Application
WinOS/2	B-Application
on	O
9	O
February	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
shows	O
how	O
Cello	B-Application
compared	O
to	O
browsers	B-Application
of	O
its	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Comparison	O
of	O
Web	B-Application
Browsers	I-Application
Browser	B-Application
Cello	B-Application
NCSA	O
X-Mosaic	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
Spyglass	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
AIR	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
InternetWorks	B-Architecture
Win-Tapestry	O
IBM	B-Application
WebExplorer	I-Application
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
Win	O
UNIX	B-Application
WinWinWinWinWinWinOS/2Version	O
12.42.0	O
alpha	O
311.023.06Beta	O
41.670.91	O
proxy	O
extended	O
htmlPerformance	O
multithreading	O
dynamic	O
linking	O
deferred	O
image	O
multi-pane	O
multi-windowConfigurability	O
kiosk	O
mode	O
external	O
playersIntegration	O
d&d	O
to	O
clipboard	O
spawnable	O
players	O
search	O
engine(Find )	O
Navigation	O
hotlist	O
bookmark	O
folders	O
categories	O
(	O
tags	O
)	O
menu/button	O
bar	O
import	O
export	O
annotation	O
auto	O
time	O
stamp	O
Source	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
edition	O
of	O
BURKS	O
,	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
produce	O
non-profit	O
CD-ROMs	O
of	O
resources	O
for	O
students	O
of	O
Computer	O
Science	O
,	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Cello	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
InterAp	B-Application
,	O
by	O
California	O
Software	O
Inc	O
,	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Cello	B-Application
and	O
featured	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
with	O
Telnet	B-Protocol
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
a	O
Visual	O
Basic-compatible	O
scripting	O
language	O
called	O
NetScripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
version	O
of	O
Lovelace	O
came	O
bundled	O
with	O
Cello	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
originally	O
Cello	B-Application
required	O
the	O
Distinct	O
Corporation	O
's	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Cello	B-Application
Beta	O
Version	O
.8	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
dropped	O
support	O
for	O
Distinct	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
exclusively	O
Winsock-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
although	O
Cello	B-Application
could	O
run	O
on	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
'	O
s	O
implementation	O
of	O
Winsock	B-Application
had	O
bugs	O
that	O
prevented	O
Cello	B-Application
from	O
accessing	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bug	O
,	O
APAR	O
#PN52335	O
,	O
was	O
later	O
fixed	O
allowing	O
Cello	B-Application
to	O
properly	O
work	O
on	O
OS/2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
agent	O
for	O
Cello	B-Application
is	O
LII-Cello/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1	O
libwww/2.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
featured	O
Dynamic	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
(	O
DDE	O
)	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OLE	B-Operating_System
support	O
and	O
DDE	O
client	O
support	O
were	O
planned	O
,	O
but	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
invoke	O
Cello	B-Application
from	O
a	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
macro	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
has	O
the	O
following	O
system	O
requirements	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
:	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	I-Application
/	O
3.11	O
/	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
3.5	I-Device
/	O
OS/2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
was	O
not	O
very	O
stable	O
and	O
its	O
development	O
halted	O
early	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
did	O
not	O
render	O
graphics	O
well	O
and	O
required	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
reload	O
the	O
webpage	O
when	O
resizing	O
the	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
most	O
browsers	B-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Cello	B-Application
also	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
any	O
web	O
security	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
said	O
that	O
Cello	B-Application
rendered	O
html	O
"	O
crudely	O
"	O
and	O
pages	O
would	O
appear	O
jaggedly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cello	B-Application
also	O
had	O
sub-par	O
performance	O
in	O
accessing	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
processing	O
hypermedia	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
