<s>
cdrtools	B-Language
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
cdrecord	B-Language
)	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
independent	O
projects	O
of	O
free	O
software/open	O
source	O
computer	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
maintained	O
for	O
over	O
two	O
decades	O
by	O
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
,	O
who	O
died	O
on	O
October	O
10	O
,	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
some	O
licensing	O
issues	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
Debian	O
fork	O
of	O
an	O
older	O
version	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
called	O
cdrkit	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
important	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
package	O
are	O
cdrecord	B-Language
,	O
a	O
console-based	B-Device
burning	O
program	O
;	O
cdda2wav	B-Language
,	O
a	O
CD	O
audio	O
ripper	O
that	O
uses	O
libparanoia	B-Application
;	O
and	O
mkisofs	B-Language
,	O
a	O
CD/DVD/BD/UDF/HFS	O
filesystem	O
image	O
creator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
these	O
tools	O
do	O
not	O
include	O
any	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
many	O
graphical	O
front-ends	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normal	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
cdrtools	B-Language
with	O
Solaris	B-Application
fine	O
grained	O
privileges	O
or	O
similar	O
Linux	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
releases	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
were	O
called	O
cdrecord	B-Language
because	O
they	O
only	O
included	O
the	O
cdrecord	B-Language
tool	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
companion	O
tools	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
mkisofs	B-Language
nor	O
cdda2wav	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
copy	O
of	O
mkisofs	B-Language
,	O
created	O
in	O
1993	O
by	O
Eric	O
Youngdale	O
for	O
Yggdrasil	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
,	O
was	O
incorporated	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
an	O
experimental	O
version	O
of	O
cdda2wav	B-Language
,	O
created	O
by	O
Heiko	O
Eißfeldt	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
cdrecord	B-Language
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
the	O
project	O
started	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
cdrtools	B-Language
to	O
better	O
reflect	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVD	O
writing	O
support	O
(	O
cdrecord-ProDVD	O
)	O
in	O
cdrecord	B-Language
started	O
in	O
early	O
1998	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
request	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
archivists	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Southern	O
Observatory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
started	O
offering	O
free	O
license	O
keys	O
to	O
the	O
closed-source	O
variant	O
cdrecord-ProDVD	O
for	O
educational	O
,	O
and	O
research	O
use	O
,	O
shortly	O
thereafter	O
also	O
for	O
private	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
May	O
2006	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
DVD	O
writing	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
open-source	B-Application
version	O
2.01.01a09	O
after	O
switching	O
the	O
license	O
to	O
CDDL	B-Application
;	O
thereby	O
removing	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
license	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lack	O
of	O
open-source	B-Application
DVD	O
writing	O
support	O
in	O
2001	O
led	O
to	O
heated	O
discussions	O
on	O
the	O
mailing	O
lists	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
unofficial	O
patches	O
for	O
supporting	O
the	O
Pioneer	O
DVD-R	O
A03	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
DVD	O
writer	O
to	O
reach	O
mass	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
forks	O
of	O
cdrecord	B-Language
:	O
Mandrake	O
shipped	O
a	O
version	O
called	O
cdrecord-dvdhack	O
,	O
whereas	O
Redhat	O
had	O
dvdrecord	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
cdrkit	B-Application
and	O
libburnia	B-Application
,	O
which	O
use	O
device	B-Application
files	I-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
,	O
cdrtools	B-Language
uses	O
a	O
different	O
method	O
known	O
as	O
CAM	O
(	O
for	O
Common	O
Access	O
Method	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
many	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
which	O
lack	O
device	B-Application
files	I-Application
or	O
only	O
allow	O
the	O
kernel	O
to	O
access	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
difference	O
has	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
controversy	O
:	O
some	O
Linux	O
users	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
used	O
by	O
cdrtools	B-Language
is	O
not	O
appropriate	O
,	O
while	O
some	O
Linux	O
users	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
users	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
know	O
which	O
method	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
cdrtools	B-Language
,	O
burning	O
optical	O
media	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
CDs	O
,	O
DVDs	O
and	O
Blu-rays	O
discs	O
)	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
the	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
systems	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
burning	O
device	O
need	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
device	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
identified	O
by	O
a	O
triplet	O
of	O
numbers	O
,	O
scsibus	O
,	O
target	O
,	O
lun	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
systems	O
with	O
only	O
one	O
burning	O
device	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
device	O
since	O
cdrtools	B-Language
is	O
able	O
to	O
find	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	O
2.6	O
allowed	O
the	O
users	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
ID	O
of	O
a	O
device	O
from	O
its	O
UNIX	O
device	O
path	O
(	O
/dev/hdX	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
patch	O
was	O
published	O
that	O
made	O
identifying	O
the	O
burner	O
device	O
for	O
cdrecord	B-Language
simpler	O
by	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
/dev/hdX	O
device	B-Application
name	I-Application
(	O
or	O
even	O
default	O
to	O
a	O
udev	B-Application
managed	O
link	O
such	O
as	O
/dev/cdrw	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
states	O
that	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
LUNs	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
addressing	O
devices	O
on	O
Linux	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
numbers	O
are	O
not	O
unique	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
make	O
sense	O
for	O
many	O
devices	O
anymore	O
(	O
many	O
devices	O
will	O
report	O
0:0:0	O
fake	O
numbers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
Torvalds	O
recommends	O
that	O
devices	O
should	O
be	O
addressed	O
via	O
their	O
UUID	O
,	O
physical	O
connection	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
alias	O
symlink	O
as	O
managed	O
by	O
udev	B-Application
on	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Torvalds	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
ioctl	O
's	O
have	O
been	O
kept	O
to	O
ensure	O
cdrecord	B-Language
compatibility	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
return	O
a	O
meaningful	O
value	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2004	O
,	O
Linux	O
distributions	O
were	O
maintaining	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
unofficial	O
changes	O
such	O
as	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
/dev/hdX	O
device	B-Application
names	I-Application
and	O
(	O
limited	O
)	O
DVD	O
writing	O
support	O
that	O
were	O
rejected	O
by	O
Schilling	O
,	O
who	O
repeatedly	O
demanded	O
that	O
distributions	O
stop	O
shipping	O
"	O
bastardized	O
and	O
defective	O
"	O
versions	O
of	O
his	O
"	O
legal	O
original	O
software	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
version	O
2.01.01a09	O
in	O
May	O
2006	O
,	O
most	O
code	O
from	O
cdrtools	B-Language
has	O
been	O
relicensed	O
under	O
the	O
CDDL	B-Application
,	O
while	O
mkisofs	B-Language
remains	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
change	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
ongoing	O
disagreement	O
about	O
whether	O
distribution	O
or	O
use	O
of	O
precompiled	O
cdrtools	B-Language
binaries	O
is	O
legally	O
possible	O
(	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
permits	O
collective	O
works	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
derivative	O
works	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
Makefiles	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
mkisofs	B-Language
are	O
CDDL	B-Application
licensed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jonathan	O
Corbet	O
,	O
founder	O
of	O
the	O
LWN.net	O
news	O
source	O
argued	O
that	O
this	O
change	O
makes	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
legally	O
distribute	O
cdrtools	B-Language
binaries	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
build	O
system	O
used	O
is	O
CDDL	B-Application
licensed	O
(	O
interpreting	O
cdrtools	B-Language
as	O
derivative	O
work	O
of	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
–	O
GPL-incompatible	O
–	O
CDDL	B-Application
code	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
requires	O
"	O
build	O
tools	O
and	O
scripts	O
also	O
be	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
denied	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
license	O
problem	O
in	O
cdrtools	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fedora	O
says	O
the	O
cdrtools	B-Language
is	O
a	O
"	O
incompatible	O
mix	O
of	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
the	O
CDDL	B-Application
"	O
and	O
Schilling	O
's	O
opinion	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
set	O
of	O
unorthodox	O
opinions	O
on	O
licensing	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
shared	O
by	O
the	O
FSF	O
or	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Legal	O
"	O
and	O
thus	O
cdrtools	B-Language
is	O
forbidden	O
on	O
Fedora	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fedora	O
's	O
legals	O
also	O
proposed	O
three	O
solutions	O
to	O
solve	O
license	O
incompatibility	O
(	O
adding	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
GPL	B-Application
linking	I-Application
exception	I-Application
,	O
replace	O
CDDL	B-Application
with	O
GPL-compatible	O
license	O
,	O
or	O
dual-licensing	O
CDDL/GPL	O
)	O
and	O
consequently	O
available	O
to	O
re-open	O
discussion	O
about	O
including	O
cdrtools	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
is	O
common	O
with	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
other	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
licenses	O
,	O
very	O
little	O
case	O
law	O
exists	O
to	O
provide	O
guidance	O
to	O
users	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
definitive	O
answer	O
on	O
whether	O
binary	O
versions	O
are	O
distributable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
Fedora	O
and	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
dropped	O
the	O
versions	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
with	O
CDDL	B-Application
code	O
from	O
their	O
distributions	O
and	O
switched	O
to	O
the	O
Debian	O
project	O
created	O
cdrkit	B-Application
,	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
GPL-licensed	O
cdrtools	B-Language
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
continued	O
to	O
develop	O
his	O
version	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
under	O
the	O
CDDL	B-Application
and	O
GPL	B-License
(	O
mkisofs	B-Language
)	O
licenses	O
until	O
he	O
died	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
cdrkit	B-Application
fork	O
has	O
received	O
next	O
to	O
no	O
updates	O
since	O
Cdrkit	B-Application
1.1.11	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Independent	O
development	O
efforts	O
happen	O
in	O
libburnia	B-Application
which	O
does	O
not	O
contain	O
cdrtools	B-Language
source	O
code	O
,	O
but	O
includes	O
a	O
wrapper	O
"	O
cdrskin	B-Application
"	O
to	O
offer	O
some	O
command	O
line	O
compatibility	O
with	O
cdrecord	B-Language
and	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
many	O
Linux	O
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gentoo	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
is	O
unaffected	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
potential	O
licensing	O
issue	O
only	O
affects	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
precompiled	O
binaries	O
and	O
this	O
distribution	O
compile	O
from	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
initially	O
offers	O
both	O
versions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
libburnia	B-Application
,	O
dropping	O
cdrkit	B-Application
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Slackware	B-Application
only	O
provided	O
cdrtools	B-Language
(	O
build	O
script	O
for	O
cdrkit	B-Application
is	O
available	O
from	O
SlackBuild.org,	O
but	O
the	O
two	O
packages	O
could	O
not	O
co-exists	O
)	O
;	O
libburnia	B-Application
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
as	O
needed	O
by	O
KDE	O
Plasma	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mandriva	O
Linux	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
dropped	O
its	O
cdrtools	B-Language
package	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
was	O
returned	O
by	O
Mandriva	O
to	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
became	O
OpenMandriva	O
Lx	O
,	O
which	O
ships	O
the	O
original	O
cdrtools	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
had	O
dropped	O
its	O
customized	O
cdrtools	B-Language
package	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
added	O
back	O
the	O
original	O
cdrtools	B-Language
in	O
Fall	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
building	O
cdrtools	B-Language
from	O
source	O
is	O
widely	O
accepted	O
as	O
legal	O
,	O
there	O
exist	O
compile	O
instructions	O
for	O
many	O
Linux	O
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cdrtools	B-Language
are	O
part	O
of	O
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
's	O
toolset	O
Schily-Tools	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
distributed	O
on	O
SourceForge	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schilling	O
stopped	O
updating	O
the	O
cdrtools-only	O
alpha	O
and	O
stable	O
branch	O
in	O
2017	O
with	O
version	O
3.02a9	O
;	O
version	O
3.02a10	O
and	O
higher	O
are	O
only	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
package	O
schilytools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
Schily	O
"	O
Tool	O
Box	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tools	O
written	O
or	O
managed	O
by	O
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
the	O
programs	O
:	O
cdrecord	B-Language
,	O
cdda2wav	B-Language
,	O
readcd	O
,	O
mkisofs	B-Language
,	O
smake	O
,	O
bsh	O
,	O
btcflash	O
,	O
calc	O
,	O
calltree	O
,	O
change	O
,	O
compare	O
,	O
count	O
,	O
devdump	O
,	O
dmake	O
based	O
on	O
SunPro	O
Make	O
,	O
hdump	O
,	O
isodebug	O
,	O
isodump	O
,	O
isoinfo	O
,	O
isovfy	O
,	O
label	O
,	O
mt	O
,	O
obosh	O
,	O
od	O
,	O
p	O
,	O
POSIX	O
patch	O
,	O
pbosh	O
,	O
sccs	O
,	O
scgcheck	O
,	O
scpio	O
,	O
sdd	O
,	O
sfind	O
,	O
sformat	O
,	O
smake	O
,	O
sh/bosh	O
(	O
Bourne	O
sh	O
)	O
,	O
star	O
,	O
star_sym	O
,	O
strar	O
,	O
suntar	O
,	O
gnutar	O
,	O
tartest	O
,	O
termcap	O
,	O
and	O
ved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
Schily-Tools	O
published	O
by	O
Jörg	B-Language
Schilling	I-Language
himself	O
is	O
the	O
2021-09-18	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
mark	O
his	O
passing	O
,	O
his	O
cdrtools	B-Language
final	O
version	O
,	O
3.02a10	O
(	O
where	O
the	O
a	O
indicates	O
the	O
software	O
is	O
semantically	O
alpha	O
)	O
was	O
declared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
new	O
stable	O
version	O
3.02	O
with	O
no	O
substantial	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Version	O
history	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
Project	O
name	O
Preview	O
releases	O
Stable	O
release	O
Notes	O
first	O
last	O
version	O
date	O
cdrecord	B-Language
1.00	O
1996-02-04	O
1.01	O
1996-10-04	O
1.02	O
1996-12-20	O
1.03	O
1997-05-16	O
1.04	O
1997-05-23	O
1.5a1	O
1.5a9	O
1.05	O
1997-09-15	O
1.6a01	O
1.6a15	O
1.06	O
1998-04-18	O
1.6.1a1	O
1.6.1a7	O
1.06.1	O
1998-10-19	O
1.8a01	O
1.8a40	O
1.08	O
2000-01-28	O
1.8.1a01	O
1.8.1a09	O
1.08.1	O
2000-04-27	O
1.9a01	O
1.9a05	O
1.09	O
2000-07-20	O
cdrtools	B-Language
1.10a01	O
1.10a19	O
1.10	O
2001-04-221.11a012.0pre11.11a402.0pre3	O
2.00	O
2002-12-25	O
DVD-Video	O
support	O
since	O
July	O
2002.Full	O
DVD-Video	O
support	O
(	O
in	O
mkisofs	B-Language
)	O
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
Olaf	O
Beck	O
,	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
preview	O
release	O
1.11a27	O
on	O
21	O
July	O
2002	O
(	O
Source	O
:	O
AN-1.11a27	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
stable	O
release	O
2.00	O
on	O
25	O
December	O
2002	O
(	O
Source	O
:	O
AN-2.00	O
)	O
2.00.3	O
2003-05-28	O
2.01a01	O
2.01a38	O
2.01	O
2004-09-09	O
This	O
series	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
GPL-licensed	O
version	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
base	O
for	O
the	O
fork	O
cdrkit	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.01.01a01	O
2.01.01a80	O
3.00	O
2010-06-02	O
In	O
May	O
2006	O
,	O
most	O
parts	O
of	O
cdrtools	B-Language
were	O
switched	O
to	O
the	O
CDDL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blu-ray	O
support	O
is	O
available	O
since	O
July	O
2007Support	O
for	O
Blu-ray	O
Discs	O
was	O
added	O
on	O
4	O
July	O
2007	O
to	O
cdrtools	B-Language
2.01.01a29	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Source	O
:	O
AN-2.01.01a29	O
)	O
3.01a01	O
3.01a31	O
3.01	O
2015-08-26	O
3.02a01	O
3.02a09	O
3.02	O
2022-09-18	O
DVD-Audio	O
support	O
since	O
December	O
2015.DVD-Audio	O
support	O
(	O
in	O
mkisofs	B-Language
)	O
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
the	O
DVD	O
audio	O
Tools	O
project	O
credits	O
to	O
authors	O
Jerome	O
Brock	O
and	O
Fabrice	O
Nicol	O
are	O
in	O
source	O
file	O
mkisofs/udf.c	O
and	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
external	O
packages	O
folder	O
of	O
dvda-author	O
as	O
a	O
patch	O
against	O
cdrtools	B-Language
3.00	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
refreshed	O
and	O
included	O
in	O
cdrtools	B-Language
3.02a04	O
on	O
16	O
December	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
