<s>
Catrobat	B-Application
is	O
a	O
block-based	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
Software	I-Application
non-profit	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
multidisciplinary	O
team	O
develops	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
and	O
free	O
apps	O
for	O
teenagers	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
games	O
,	O
animations	O
,	O
music	O
videos	O
or	O
all	O
other	O
kinds	O
of	O
apps	O
directly	O
on	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
catrobat	B-Application
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
used	O
for	O
coding	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
in	O
Scratch	B-Language
except	O
with	O
Catrobat	B-Application
,	O
no	O
laptop	O
or	O
PC	B-Device
is	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
aspect	O
of	O
development	O
can	O
be	O
covered	O
solely	O
on	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
and	O
therefore	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
Catrobat	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Apps	O
spread	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
activities	O
of	O
Catrobat	B-Application
are	O
targeted	O
directly	O
at	O
female	O
and	O
male	O
teenagers	O
to	O
close	O
the	O
gender	O
gap	O
in	O
STEM-Studies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
activities	O
are	O
especially	O
for	O
less	O
developed	O
countries	O
because	O
a	O
native	O
language	O
support	O
is	O
provided	O
directly	O
in	O
Catrobat	B-Application
's	O
apps	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
on	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
language	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Catrobat	B-Application
started	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
Catroid	O
in	O
2010	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
Scratch	B-Language
's	O
cat	O
mascot	O
and	O
the	O
android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
first	O
public	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
app	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
2013	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
has	O
been	O
published	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
currently	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
million	O
users	O
in	O
180	O
countries	O
,	O
are	O
natively	O
available	O
in	O
50+	O
languages	O
(	O
including	O
several	O
languages	O
not	O
directly	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
underlying	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
so	O
far	O
by	O
over	O
1,300	O
volunteers	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Catrobat	B-Application
project	O
is	O
under	O
the	O
Affero	O
General	O
Public	O
License	O
(	O
AGPL	O
)	O
in	O
version	O
3	O
and	O
is	O
hosted	O
publicly	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
of	O
Catrobat	B-Application
is	O
to	O
introduce	O
young	O
people	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
coding	O
,	O
using	O
only	O
their	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
bypassing	O
traditional	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
make	O
it	O
even	O
more	O
accessible	O
to	O
young	O
people	O
in	O
less	O
developed	O
countries	O
,	O
Catrobat	B-Application
decided	O
to	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
language	O
and	O
implemented	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
switch	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
over	O
50	O
native	O
languages	O
directly	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
environment	O
for	O
Catrobat	B-Application
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
and	O
these	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
for	O
free	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
from	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
Store	O
,	O
HarmonyOS	B-Operating_System
AppGallery	O
or	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
HarmonyOS	B-Operating_System
AppGallery	O
are	O
currently	O
actively	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variants	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
HTML5-based	O
version	O
were	O
discontinued	O
in	O
2017	O
and	O
2019	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Catrobat	B-Application
app	O
has	O
been	O
Pocket	O
Code	O
(	O
formerly	O
Catroid	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
environment	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
games	O
,	O
stories	O
,	O
animations	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
types	O
of	O
other	O
apps	O
directly	O
on	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
app	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
visual	O
Integrated	O
Development	O
Environment	O
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
execution	O
engine	O
for	O
the	O
Catrobat	B-Application
Programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IDE	O
automatically	O
translates	O
the	O
underlying	O
code	O
parsed	O
by	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
into	O
visual	O
brick	O
elements	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
used	O
visual	O
and	O
block-based	O
coding	O
language	O
helps	O
teenagers	O
in	O
their	O
coding	O
with	O
an	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
interface	O
and	O
predefined	O
Lego	B-Language
style	O
bricks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
allows	O
access	O
to	O
many	O
sensors	O
on	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
inclination	O
,	O
GPS	O
,	O
or	O
compass	O
direction	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
image	O
,	O
voice	O
and	O
face	O
recognition	O
has	O
been	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phiro	O
Code	O
is	O
an	O
app	O
based	O
on	O
Catrobat	B-Application
especially	O
designed	O
and	O
developed	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
learning	O
robots	O
from	O
Robotix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embroidery	O
Designer	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
for	O
embroidery	O
machines	O
,	O
extending	O
the	O
Turtlestitch	B-Application
approach	O
to	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
app	O
from	O
the	O
Catrobat	B-Application
umbrella	O
project	O
has	O
a	O
build	O
in	O
sharing	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
sharing	O
and	O
accepting	O
others	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
under	O
a	O
public	O
software	B-License
licence	I-License
,	O
everybody	O
can	O
learn	O
quickly	O
from	O
others	O
and	O
use	O
existing	O
projects	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Remix-concept	O
by	O
Scratch	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intention	O
is	O
to	O
motivate	O
the	O
community	O
in	O
an	O
active	O
participation	O
,	O
have	O
higher	O
learning	O
effects	O
and	O
thereby	O
reinforce	O
the	O
goals	O
from	O
Catrobat	B-Application
's	O
vision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Catrobat	B-Application
offers	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
entire	O
development	O
with	O
the	O
visual	O
building	O
bricks	O
,	O
so-called	O
blocks	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
textual	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
biggest	O
advantage	O
for	O
the	O
mostly	O
young	O
users	O
is	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
program	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
over	O
60	O
languages	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
go	O
far	O
beyond	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
languages	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
Catrobat	B-Application
Wiki	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
Catrobat	B-Application
team	O
,	O
but	O
community-driven	O
and	O
translated	O
into	O
users	O
 '	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
Youtube	B-General_Concept
community	O
,	O
which	O
created	O
Catrobat-based	O
projects	O
and	O
tutorials	O
in	O
several	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
Discord	B-Application
server	O
,	O
h	O
divided	O
into	O
languages	O
,	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
exchange	O
themselves	O
and	O
present	O
their	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
exchange	O
information	O
via	O
GitHub	B-Application
,	O
Slack	B-Protocol
,	O
Jira	B-Protocol
and	O
Confluence	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Catrobat	B-Application
project	O
and	O
its	O
apps	O
have	O
been	O
growing	O
exponentially	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
user	O
and	O
volunteer	O
developer	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
programming	O
language	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
smartphones	B-Application
in	O
almost	O
every	O
country	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
an	O
annual	O
basis	O
Catrobat	B-Application
was	O
also	O
part	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
open	O
source	O
programs	O
since	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Catrobat	B-Application
's	O
apps	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
several	O
large	O
research	O
studies	O
,	O
both	O
on	O
international	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
national	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
of	O
sufficient	O
complexity	O
to	O
allow	O
to	O
cover	O
all	O
relevant	O
areas	O
of	O
interest	O
and	O
activities	O
of	O
teenagers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patterns	O
and	O
different	O
forms	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
using	O
Pocket	O
Code	O
's	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Catrobat	B-Application
and	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
have	O
received	O
awards	O
and	O
recognition	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
