<s>
In	O
library	O
and	O
information	O
science	O
,	O
cataloging	B-Library
(	O
US	O
)	O
or	O
cataloguing	B-Library
(	O
UK	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
creating	O
metadata	O
representing	O
information	O
resources	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
books	O
,	O
sound	O
recordings	O
,	O
moving	O
images	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cataloging	B-Library
provides	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
author	O
's	O
names	O
,	O
titles	O
,	O
and	O
subject	O
terms	O
that	O
describe	O
resources	O
,	O
typically	O
through	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
1970s	O
these	O
metadata	O
are	O
in	O
machine-readable	B-General_Concept
form	I-General_Concept
and	O
are	O
indexed	O
by	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
bibliographic	B-Library
databases	I-Library
or	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
typically	O
the	O
cataloging	B-Library
process	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
library	B-Library
catalogs	I-Library
,	O
it	O
also	O
produces	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
discovery	O
tools	O
for	O
documents	O
and	O
collections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
provides	O
the	O
philosophical	O
basis	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
,	O
defining	O
the	O
rules	O
that	O
sufficiently	O
describes	O
information	O
resources	O
,	O
to	O
enable	O
users	O
find	O
and	O
select	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
resource	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
cataloger	B-Library
is	O
an	O
individual	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
processes	O
of	O
description	O
,	O
subject	O
analysis	O
,	O
classification	O
,	O
and	O
authority	O
control	O
of	O
library	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Catalogers	B-Library
serve	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
foundation	O
of	O
all	O
library	O
service	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
ones	O
who	O
organize	O
information	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
as	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easily	O
accessible	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cataloging	B-Library
is	O
a	O
process	O
made	O
in	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
institutions	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
libraries	B-Library
,	O
archives	O
and	O
museums	O
)	O
and	O
about	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
materials	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
books	O
,	O
pictures	O
,	O
museum	O
objects	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
literature	O
of	O
library	O
and	O
information	O
science	O
is	O
dominated	O
by	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
consider	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
special	O
systems	O
for	O
cataloging	B-Library
museum	O
objects	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Nomenclature	O
for	O
Museum	O
Cataloging	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
some	O
formats	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
some	O
opposition	O
to	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
formats	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
common	O
communication	O
format	O
for	O
bibliographical	B-Library
databases	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
About	O
cataloging	B-Library
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
cultural	O
objects	O
,	O
see	O
O'Keefe	O
and	O
Oldal	O
(	O
2017	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ronald	O
Hagler	O
identified	O
six	O
functions	O
of	O
bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Systematically	O
pulling	O
together	O
these	O
information	O
resources	O
into	O
collections	O
in	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
archives	O
,	O
museums	O
,	O
and	O
Internet	O
communication	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
such	O
depositories.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
such	O
retrieval	O
aids	O
include	O
library	B-Library
catalogs	I-Library
,	O
indexes	O
,	O
archival	O
finding	O
aids	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
the	O
online	O
public	O
access	O
catalog	O
(	O
OPAC	O
)	O
can	O
give	O
the	O
user	O
location	O
information	O
(	O
a	O
call	O
number	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
and	O
indicate	O
whether	O
the	O
item	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
information	O
has	O
been	O
going	O
on	O
since	O
antiquity	O
,	O
bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
as	O
we	O
know	O
it	O
today	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
recent	O
invention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ancient	O
civilizations	O
recorded	O
lists	O
of	O
books	O
onto	O
tablets	O
and	O
libraries	B-Library
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
Ages	O
kept	O
records	O
of	O
their	O
holdings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andrew	O
Maunsell	O
further	O
revolutionized	O
bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
by	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
book	O
should	O
be	O
findable	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
author	O
's	O
last	O
name	O
,	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
translator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
cataloging	B-Library
for	O
The	O
Lindisfarne	O
Gospels	O
reads	O
Nero	O
D	O
IV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cotton	O
's	O
cataloging	B-Library
method	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
use	O
for	O
his	O
collection	O
in	O
the	O
British	O
Library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
French	O
Revolution	O
,	O
France	O
's	O
government	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
put	O
out	O
a	O
national	O
code	O
containing	O
instructions	O
for	O
cataloging	B-Library
library	O
collections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
British	O
Museum	O
Library	O
Anthony	O
Panizzi	O
created	O
his	O
"	O
Ninety-One	O
Cataloging	B-Library
Rules	O
"	O
(	O
1841	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
essentially	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
of	O
the	O
19th	O
and	O
20th	O
centuries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Descriptive	O
cataloging	B-Library
"	O
is	O
a	O
well-established	O
concept	O
in	O
the	O
tradition	O
of	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
in	O
which	O
a	O
distinction	O
is	O
made	O
between	O
descriptive	O
cataloging	B-Library
and	O
subject	O
cataloging	B-Library
,	O
each	O
applying	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
standards	O
,	O
different	O
qualifications	O
and	O
often	O
also	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
professionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
tradition	O
of	O
documentation	O
and	O
information	O
science	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
by	O
commercial	O
bibliographical	B-Library
databases	I-Library
)	O
the	O
concept	O
document	O
representation	O
(	O
also	O
as	O
verb	O
:	O
document	O
representing	O
)	O
have	O
mostly	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
cover	O
both	O
"	O
descriptive	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
subject	O
"	O
representation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Descriptive	O
cataloging	B-Library
has	O
been	O
defined	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
concerned	O
with	O
describing	O
the	O
physical	O
details	O
of	O
a	O
book	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
form	O
and	O
choice	O
of	O
entries	O
and	O
the	O
title	O
page	O
transcription.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Subject	O
cataloging	B-Library
may	O
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
classification	O
or	O
(	O
subject	O
)	O
Indexing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Libraries	B-Library
have	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
catalogs	O
in	O
some	O
form	O
since	O
ancient	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2500	O
BCE	O
collection	O
of	O
clay	O
tablets	O
marked	O
in	O
cuneiform	B-Language
script	O
from	O
Nippur	O
,	O
an	O
ancient	O
Sumerian	O
city	O
in	O
present-day	O
Iraq	O
,	O
wherein	O
two	O
lists	O
of	O
works	O
of	O
Sumerian	O
literature	O
of	O
various	O
myths	O
,	O
hymns	O
,	O
and	O
laments	O
are	O
listed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
had	O
cuneiform	B-Language
marks	O
on	O
each	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
tablet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
catalogs	O
in	O
the	O
Islamic	O
world	O
,	O
around	O
the	O
11th	O
century	O
,	O
were	O
lists	O
of	O
books	O
donated	O
to	O
libraries	B-Library
by	O
persons	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
early	O
and	O
medieval	O
libraries	B-Library
in	O
Europe	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
religious	O
institutions	O
and	O
orders	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Papal	O
library	O
in	O
Rome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Vatican	O
Library	B-Library
catalog	I-Library
is	O
from	O
the	O
late	O
14th	O
century	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
growth	O
in	O
libraries	B-Library
after	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
moveable-type	O
printing	O
and	O
the	O
widespread	O
availability	O
of	O
paper	O
that	O
created	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
a	O
catalog	O
that	O
organized	O
the	O
library	O
's	O
materials	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
found	O
through	O
the	O
catalog	O
rather	O
than	O
"	O
by	O
walking	O
around.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
17th	O
century	O
libraries	B-Library
became	O
seen	O
as	O
collections	O
of	O
universal	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
17th	O
century	O
authors	O
,	O
Gabriel	O
Naudé	O
,	O
in	O
France	O
,	O
and	O
John	O
Dury	O
,	O
in	O
Scotland	O
,	O
both	O
developed	O
theories	O
of	O
systematic	O
organization	O
of	O
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
history	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
begins	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
have	O
been	O
defined	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
consistent	O
cataloging	B-Library
of	O
various	O
library	O
materials	O
across	O
several	O
persons	O
of	O
a	O
cataloging	B-Library
team	O
and	O
across	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
English-speaking	O
libraries	B-Library
have	O
shared	O
cataloging	B-Library
standards	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
1800s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
91	O
rules	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
1841	O
,	O
formed	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
cataloging	B-Library
standards	O
for	O
over	O
150	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jewett	O
used	O
stereotype	O
plates	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
library	O
's	O
catalog	O
in	O
book	O
form	O
,	O
and	O
proposed	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
among	O
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
article	O
included	O
new	O
cataloging	B-Library
information	O
alongside	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
Smithsonian	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
that	O
Jewett	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
systems	O
became	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
other	O
libraries	B-Library
as	O
he	O
pushed	O
for	O
alphabetical	O
card	B-Library
catalogs	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
20th	O
century	O
,	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
was	O
forced	O
to	O
address	O
new	O
formats	O
for	O
materials	O
,	O
including	O
sound	O
recordings	O
,	O
movies	O
,	O
and	O
photographs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seymour	O
Lubetzky	O
,	O
once	O
an	O
employee	O
of	O
the	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
and	O
later	O
a	O
professor	O
at	O
UCLA	O
,	O
wrote	O
a	O
critique	O
of	O
the	O
1949	O
ALA	O
rules	O
for	O
entry	O
,	O
Cataloging	B-Library
Rules	O
and	O
Principles	O
:	O
A	O
Critique	O
of	O
the	O
ALA	O
Rules	O
for	O
Entry	O
and	O
a	O
Proposed	O
Design	O
for	O
the	O
Revision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
changes	O
in	O
culture	O
over	O
time	O
would	O
necessitate	O
an	O
ever-increasing/changing	O
list	O
of	O
rules	O
,	O
Lubetzky	O
"	O
helped	O
remedy	O
the	O
situation	O
by	O
advocating	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
according	O
to	O
'	O
basic	O
principles	O
,	O
'	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
a	O
rule	O
for	O
each	O
case	O
that	O
might	O
arise.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
was	O
tasked	O
to	O
do	O
extensive	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
over	O
the	O
time	O
period	O
from	O
1946	O
to	O
1969	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
analyses	O
shaped	O
the	O
subsequent	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
published	O
American	O
and	O
Anglo-American	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
in	O
the	O
20th	O
century	O
were	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
21st	O
century	O
brought	O
renewed	O
thinking	O
about	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
,	O
in	O
great	O
part	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
digital	O
formats	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
consciousness	O
of	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Work	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
bibliographic	O
context	O
,	O
often	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
principles	O
developed	O
by	O
Lubetzky	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
also	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
International	O
Federation	O
of	O
Library	O
Associations	O
and	O
Institutions	O
on	O
the	O
Functional	O
Requirements	O
for	O
Bibliographic	B-Library
Records	I-Library
(	O
FRBR	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
emphasized	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
bibliographic	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
view	O
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
subsequent	O
to	O
AACR2-R	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Resource	O
Description	O
and	O
Access	O
(	O
RDA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bodleian	O
Library	O
at	O
Oxford	O
University	O
developed	O
its	O
cataloging	B-Library
code	O
in	O
1674	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
We	O
can	O
trace	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
modern	O
library	B-Library
cataloging	I-Library
practice	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1830s	O
and	O
Anthony	O
Panizzi	O
's	O
91	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
major	O
English-language	O
cataloging	B-Library
code	O
was	O
that	O
developed	O
by	O
Sir	O
Anthony	O
Panizzi	O
for	O
the	O
British	O
Museum	O
catalog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Prussian	O
government	O
set	O
standard	O
rules	O
called	O
(	O
PI	O
)	O
(	O
Prussian	O
Instructions	O
)	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
libraries	B-Library
in	O
1899	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Prussian	O
Instructions	O
were	O
a	O
standardized	O
system	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Paris	O
Principles	O
was	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
international	O
standardization	O
in	O
cataloging	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
cataloging	B-Library
codes	O
that	O
were	O
developed	O
worldwide	O
since	O
that	O
time	O
have	O
followed	O
the	O
Paris	O
Principles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cataloging	B-Library
codes	O
prescribe	O
which	O
information	O
about	O
a	O
bibliographic	O
item	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
entry	O
and	O
how	O
this	O
information	O
is	O
presented	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
;	O
It	O
may	O
also	O
aid	O
to	O
sort	O
the	O
entries	O
in	O
printing	O
(	O
parts	O
of	O
)	O
the	O
catalog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
most	O
cataloging	B-Library
codes	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
based	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
International	O
Standard	O
Bibliographic	O
Description	O
(	O
ISBD	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
rules	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Federation	O
of	O
Library	O
Associations	O
and	O
Institutions	O
(	O
IFLA	O
)	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
library	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
rules	O
organize	O
the	O
bibliographic	O
description	O
of	O
an	O
item	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
eight	O
areas	O
:	O
title	O
and	O
statement	O
of	O
responsibility	O
(	O
author	O
or	O
editor	O
)	O
,	O
edition	O
,	O
material	O
specific	O
details	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
a	O
map	O
)	O
,	O
publication	O
and	O
distribution	O
,	O
physical	O
description	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
pages	O
)	O
,	O
series	O
,	O
notes	O
,	O
and	O
standard	O
number	O
(	O
ISBN	B-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
cataloging	B-Library
code	O
in	O
the	O
English-speaking	O
world	O
was	O
the	O
Anglo-American	O
Cataloguing	B-Library
Rules	I-Library
,	O
2nd	O
edition	O
(	O
AACR2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AACR2	O
provides	O
rules	O
for	O
descriptive	O
cataloging	B-Library
only	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
touch	O
upon	O
subject	O
cataloging	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
standards	O
prevail	O
in	O
archives	O
and	O
museums	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
CIDOC-CRM	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
libraries	B-Library
currently	O
use	O
the	O
MARC	O
standards	O
—	O
first	O
piloted	O
from	O
January	O
1966	O
to	O
June	O
1968	O
—	O
to	O
encode	O
and	O
transport	O
bibliographic	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
catalogers	B-Library
typically	O
use	O
the	O
ALA-LC	O
romanization	O
tables	O
for	O
this	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ferris	O
maintains	O
that	O
catalogers	B-Library
,	O
in	O
using	O
their	O
judgment	O
and	O
specialized	O
viewpoint	O
,	O
uphold	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
catalog	O
and	O
also	O
provide	O
"	O
added	O
value	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
added	O
findability	O
for	O
a	O
library	O
's	O
user	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mistakes	O
and	O
biases	O
in	O
cataloging	B-Library
records	O
can	O
"	O
stigmatize	O
groups	O
of	O
people	O
with	O
inaccurate	O
or	O
demeaning	O
labels	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
the	O
impression	O
that	O
certain	O
points	O
of	O
view	O
are	O
more	O
normal	O
than	O
others	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Social	O
responsibility	O
in	O
cataloging	B-Library
is	O
the	O
"	O
fair	O
and	O
equitable	O
access	O
to	O
relevant	O
,	O
appropriate	O
,	O
accurate	O
,	O
and	O
uncensored	O
information	O
in	O
a	O
timely	O
manner	O
and	O
free	O
of	O
bias	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
act	O
ethically	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
socially	O
responsible	O
manner	O
,	O
catalogers	B-Library
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
how	O
their	O
judgments	O
benefit	O
or	O
harm	O
findability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
should	O
be	O
careful	O
to	O
not	O
misuse	O
or	O
misrepresent	O
information	O
through	O
inaccurate	O
or	O
minimal-level	O
cataloging	B-Library
and	O
to	O
not	O
purposely	O
or	O
inadvertently	O
censor	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bair	O
states	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
professional	O
obligation	O
of	O
catalogers	B-Library
to	O
supply	O
thorough	O
,	O
accurate	O
,	O
high-quality	O
surrogate	O
records	O
for	O
databases	O
and	O
that	O
catalogers	B-Library
also	O
have	O
an	O
ethical	O
obligation	O
to	O
"	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
fair	O
and	O
equitable	O
access	O
to	O
information.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Bair	O
recommends	O
that	O
catalogers	B-Library
"	O
actively	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
,	O
reform	O
,	O
and	O
fair	O
application	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
rules	O
,	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
classifications	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
information-storage	O
and	O
retrieval	O
systems	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
formal	O
code	O
of	O
ethics	O
for	O
catalogers	B-Library
does	O
not	O
exist	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
catalogers	B-Library
often	O
follow	O
library	O
or	O
departmental	O
policy	O
to	O
resolve	O
conflicts	O
in	O
cataloging	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
American	O
Library	O
Association	O
created	O
a	O
"	O
Code	O
of	O
Ethics	O
"	O
,	O
Ferris	O
notes	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
being	O
too	O
general	O
to	O
encompass	O
the	O
special	O
skills	O
that	O
set	O
catalogers	B-Library
apart	O
from	O
other	O
library	O
and	O
information	O
professionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
stated	O
by	O
Tavani	O
,	O
a	O
code	O
of	O
ethics	O
for	O
catalogers	B-Library
can	O
"	O
inspire	O
,	O
guide	O
,	O
educate	O
,	O
and	O
discipline	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
cited	O
in	O
Bair	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
p.22	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bair	O
suggests	O
that	O
an	O
effective	O
code	O
of	O
ethics	O
for	O
catalogers	B-Library
should	O
be	O
aspirational	O
and	O
also	O
"	O
discuss	O
specific	O
conduct	O
and	O
actions	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
guide	O
in	O
actual	O
situations	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bair	O
has	O
also	O
laid	O
out	O
the	O
beginnings	O
for	O
a	O
formal	O
code	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
ethics	O
in	O
"	O
Toward	O
a	O
Code	O
of	O
Ethics	O
for	O
Cataloging.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Sanford	O
Berman	O
,	O
former	O
Head	O
Cataloger	B-Library
of	O
the	O
Hennepin	O
County	O
Library	O
in	O
Minnetonka	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
leading	O
critic	O
of	O
biased	O
headings	O
in	O
the	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
Subject	O
Headings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
on	O
Berman	O
's	O
critique	O
of	O
cataloging	B-Library
practices	O
,	O
queer	O
theorists	O
in	O
library	O
and	O
information	O
science	O
such	O
as	O
Emily	O
Drabinski	O
,	O
Amber	O
Billey	O
and	O
K.R.	O
</s>
<s>
Utilizing	O
queer	O
theory	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
library	O
classification	O
and	O
cataloging	B-Library
requires	O
perspectives	O
that	O
can	O
present	O
both	O
ethically	O
and	O
politically	O
sound	O
viewpoints	O
that	O
support	O
marginalized	O
persons	O
such	O
as	O
women	O
,	O
people	O
of	O
color	O
,	O
or	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
LGBTQ+	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
ALA	O
Midwinter	O
meeting	O
in	O
January	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
controlled	O
vocabulary	O
for	O
gender	O
in	O
RDA	O
was	O
abolished	O
,	O
allowing	O
catalogers	B-Library
and	O
libraries	B-Library
to	O
describe	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
gender	O
in	O
whatever	O
terms	O
best	O
represent	O
that	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
refers	O
to	O
an	O
approach	O
in	O
which	O
libraries	B-Library
collaborate	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
bibliographic	O
and	O
authority	O
records	O
,	O
establishing	O
cataloging	B-Library
practices	O
and	O
utilizing	O
systems	O
that	O
facilitate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
shared	O
records	O
.	O
</s>
