<s>
When	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
stores	O
file	O
names	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
may	O
keep	O
or	O
discard	O
case	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
case	O
is	O
stored	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
case	B-Application
preservation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
system	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
case-preserving	B-Application
is	O
necessarily	O
case-insensitive	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
and	O
common	O
for	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
case-insensitive	O
,	O
yet	O
case-preserving	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
,	O
current	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
and	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Amiga	B-Application
OS	I-Application
are	O
case-preserving	B-Application
and	O
case-insensitive	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
case-preserving	B-Application
,	O
when	O
viewing	O
a	O
file	O
's	O
name	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
presented	O
with	O
the	O
capitalization	O
used	O
when	O
the	O
file	O
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
a	O
non-case-preserving	O
system	O
,	O
arbitrary	O
capitalization	O
would	O
be	O
displayed	O
instead	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
all	O
upper	O
-	O
or	O
lower-case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
in	O
case-insensitive	O
but	O
case	O
preserving	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
there	O
cannot	O
be	O
a	O
readme.txt	O
and	O
a	O
Readme.txt	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
folder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
systems	O
with	O
various	O
case-sensitivity	O
and	O
case-preservation	O
exist	O
among	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Case-sensitive	O
Case-insensitive	O
Case-preserving	B-Application
UFS	B-Operating_System
,	O
ext3	B-Application
,	O
ext4	B-Application
,	O
HFS	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
(	O
optional	O
)	O
,	O
NTFS	B-Application
(	O
in	O
unix	O
)	O
,	O
APFS	B-Application
(	O
optional	O
)	O
VFAT	O
,	O
FAT32	O
which	O
is	O
basically	O
always	O
used	O
with	O
long	O
filename	O
support	O
,	O
NTFS	B-Application
,	O
HFS	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
,	O
APFS	B-Application
Non-case-preserving	O
Impossible	O
FAT12	O
,	O
FAT16	O
only	O
when	O
without	O
long	O
filename	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
