<s>
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
marketing	O
term	O
for	O
extensions	O
to	O
Ethernet	O
for	O
communications	O
service	O
providers	O
that	O
utilize	O
Ethernet	O
technology	O
in	O
their	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
original	O
copper	O
coaxial	O
cable	O
format	O
(	O
"	O
thicknet	O
"	O
)	O
it	O
has	O
extended	O
its	O
scope	O
to	O
nearly	O
all	O
copper	O
,	O
optical	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
and	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
physical	I-General_Concept
media	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
interfaces	O
are	O
widely	O
deployed	O
in	O
PCs	O
and	O
servers	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
Gbit/s	O
in	O
local	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
(	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
)	O
backbones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rates	O
up	O
to	O
100	B-Protocol
Gigabit	I-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
were	O
standardized	O
in	O
2010	O
and	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
part	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
due	O
to	O
ease	O
of	O
deployment	O
,	O
using	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
self-configure	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
key	O
concepts	O
of	O
"	O
learning	O
bridge	B-Protocol
"	O
(	O
flooding	O
,	O
and	O
associating	O
learned	O
destination	O
addresses	O
with	O
bridge	B-Protocol
ports	O
)	O
and	O
"	O
spanning	B-Protocol
tree	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
"	O
(	O
the	O
protocol	O
used	O
for	O
avoiding	O
bridging	B-Protocol
loops	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
and	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
time	O
domain	O
capabilities	O
are	O
being	O
added	O
to	O
IEEE	O
802.3	O
Ethernet	O
to	O
support	O
IEEE	O
802.1	O
Audio	B-Protocol
Video	I-Protocol
Bridging	I-Protocol
(	O
AVB	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
capabilities	O
will	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
time	O
sensitive	O
carrier	O
applications	O
likewise	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1588	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customer	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
are	O
increasingly	O
connected	O
to	O
wide-area	O
telecommunications	O
networks	O
over	O
Ethernet	O
interfaces	O
or	O
to	O
devices	O
that	O
bridge	B-Protocol
digital	O
subscriber	O
line	O
(	O
DSL	O
)	O
or	O
wireless	O
to	O
these	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
such	O
networks	O
have	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
many	O
services	O
previously	O
handled	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
or	O
by	O
specialized	O
connections	O
,	O
notably	O
video	O
and	O
backup	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
practical	O
to	O
expand	O
most	O
small	O
networks	O
beyond	O
1G	O
or	O
at	O
most	O
2G	O
(	O
dual	B-Architecture
teaming	I-Architecture
gigabit	O
)	O
capacity	O
per	O
segment	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
bottleneck	O
remains	O
in	O
the	O
wide	O
area	O
links	O
to	O
other	O
offices	O
and	O
online	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MEF	O
was	O
formed	O
in	O
2001	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
ubiquitous	O
business	O
services	O
for	O
Enterprise	O
users	O
principally	O
accessed	O
over	O
optical	O
metropolitan	O
networks	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
connect	O
their	O
Enterprise	O
LANs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
Metro	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
Services	O
caught	O
the	O
imagination	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
when	O
the	O
concept	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
worldwide	O
services	O
traversing	O
national	O
and	O
global	O
networks	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
or	O
E-LAN	O
:	O
a	O
multipoint	O
service	O
connecting	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
customer	O
endpoints	B-Protocol
,	O
giving	O
the	O
appearance	O
to	O
the	O
customer	O
of	O
a	O
bridged	O
Ethernet	O
network	O
connecting	O
the	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analogous	O
definitions	O
for	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
are	O
defined	O
in	O
IEEE	O
802.21	O
and	O
IEEE	O
802.11u	O
,	O
though	O
these	O
are	O
intended	O
for	O
much	O
shorter	O
time	O
commitments	O
and	O
services	O
appropriate	O
for	O
mobile	O
users	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
Tree	O
or	O
E-Tree	O
is	O
a	O
point-to-multipoint	B-General_Concept
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Virtual	I-Protocol
Connection	I-Protocol
defined	O
by	O
the	O
MEF	O
—	O
an	O
Ethernet	O
VLAN	B-General_Concept
configuration	O
suitable	O
for	O
multicast	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPL	O
provides	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
Ethernet	B-Protocol
virtual	I-Protocol
connection	I-Protocol
(	O
EVC	O
)	O
between	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
dedicated	O
user	O
–	O
network	O
interfaces	O
(	O
UNIs	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
transparency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EVPL	O
provides	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
or	O
point-to-multipoint	B-General_Concept
connection	O
between	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
UNIs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
transparency	O
,	O
EPL	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
point-to-point	O
transparent	B-General_Concept
LAN	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
service	O
frame	O
's	O
header	O
and	O
payload	O
are	O
identical	O
at	O
both	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
UNI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
(	O
EVP-LAN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
multipoint-to-multipoint	B-Architecture
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Virtual	I-Protocol
Connection	I-Protocol
defined	O
by	O
the	O
MEF	O
—	O
a	O
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
equivalent	O
of	O
Virtual	B-Application
Private	I-Application
LAN	I-Application
Service	I-Application
(	O
VPLS	B-Application
)	O
or	O
Transparent	B-General_Concept
LAN	I-General_Concept
Services	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
EVP-LAN	O
enables	O
any-to-any	O
communication	O
between	O
all	O
customer	O
locations	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
customer	O
's	O
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Virtual	I-Protocol
Connections	I-Protocol
(	O
EVC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
categorized	O
as	O
an	O
E-LAN	O
service	O
type	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
expectation	O
of	O
low	O
Frame	O
Delay	O
,	O
Frame	O
Delay	O
Variation	O
and	O
Frame	O
Loss	O
Ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Service	O
multiplexing	O
is	O
allowed	O
at	O
the	O
UNI	O
and	O
EVPL	O
and	O
EVP-LAN	O
service	O
types	O
may	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CE-VLAN	O
IDs	O
are	O
maintained	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
bridge	B-Protocol
"	O
and	O
"	O
spanning	O
tree	O
"	O
concepts	O
described	O
above	O
do	O
not	O
scale	O
to	O
large	O
international	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Point-to-point	O
Ethernet	O
links	O
are	O
carried	O
over	O
SDH/SONET	B-Protocol
networks	O
,	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
virtual	O
concatenation	O
(	O
ITU-T	O
G.707	B-Protocol
)	O
and	O
LCAS	O
(	O
Link	O
Capacity	O
Adjustment	O
Scheme	O
-	O
ITU-T	O
G.7042	O
)	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
appropriate	O
size	O
carrier	O
bundle	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
Generic	B-Protocol
Framing	I-Protocol
Procedure	I-Protocol
of	O
SDH	B-Protocol
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
takes	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
and	O
recovery	O
features	O
of	O
SDH	B-Protocol
to	O
provide	O
high	O
availability	O
and	O
resilience	O
to	O
failures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
services	O
are	O
carried	O
over	O
IP/MPLS	B-Protocol
networks	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
IP-related	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
(	O
see	O
IETF	O
pseudowire	O
standards	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
links	O
are	O
transported	O
as	O
"	O
pseudowires	O
"	O
using	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
label	O
switched	O
paths	O
(	O
LSPs	O
)	O
inside	O
an	O
outer	O
MPLS	B-Protocol
"	O
tunnel	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
strategy	O
can	O
support	O
both	O
point-to-point	O
(	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
Wire	O
Service	O
-	O
VPWS	O
)	O
and	O
multipoint	O
(	O
Virtual	B-Application
Private	I-Application
LAN	I-Application
service	I-Application
-	O
VPLS	B-Application
)	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
recently	O
achieved	O
significant	O
deployment	O
in	O
routed	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
basic	O
transport	O
protocols	O
,	O
including	O
SDH	B-Protocol
and	O
(	O
increasingly	O
)	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ethernet	O
's	O
ubiquitous	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
LANs	B-General_Concept
worldwide	O
drives	O
down	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
Ethernet	O
as	O
a	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Provider	O
Backbone	O
Bridges	O
(	O
PBB	O
)	O
provides	O
the	O
scalability	O
and	O
a	O
secure	O
demarcation	O
,	O
while	O
Provider	B-Protocol
Backbone	I-Protocol
Bridge	I-Protocol
Traffic	I-Protocol
Engineering	I-Protocol
(	O
PBB-TE	B-Protocol
,	O
commonly	O
called	O
PBT	O
)	O
provides	O
for	O
traffic-engineering	O
and	O
an	O
effective	O
transport	O
for	O
protected	O
Ethernet	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
demarcation	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
in	O
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
services	O
and	O
transport	O
networks	O
for	O
business	O
,	O
wholesale	O
and	O
mobile	O
backhaul	O
applications	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
enables	O
service	O
providers	O
to	O
extend	O
their	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
service	O
path	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
the	O
hand	O
off	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
demarcation	O
devices	O
(	O
EDD	O
)	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
support	O
services	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ethernet	O
Private	O
Line	O
(	O
EPL	O
)	O
,	O
Ethernet	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
Line	O
(	O
EVPL	O
or	O
E-LAN	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Ethernet	O
Virtual	O
Private	O
Tree	O
(	O
E-Tree	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
specified	O
by	O
the	O
MEF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
support	O
needs	O
to	O
include	O
service	O
level	O
agreement	O
(	O
SLA	O
)	O
management	O
capabilities	O
,	O
with	O
consistent	O
performance	O
over	O
fiber	O
,	O
DSL	O
,	O
bonded	O
PDH	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
SDH/SONET	B-Protocol
access	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
must-have	O
Carrier	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
demarcation	O
features	O
include	O
sophisticated	O
traffic	O
management	O
and	O
hierarchical	O
quality	O
of	O
service	O
(	O
QoS	O
)	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
standard	O
end-to-end	O
operations	B-Architecture
,	I-Architecture
administration	I-Architecture
and	I-Architecture
maintenance	I-Architecture
(	O
OAM	O
)	O
and	O
performance	O
monitoring	O
,	O
extensive	O
fault	O
management	O
and	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
and	O
SDH/SONET	B-Protocol
-like	O
resiliency	O
to	O
reduce	O
service	O
provider	O
operating	O
costs	O
and	O
capital	O
expenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
work	O
on	O
PBB-TE	B-Protocol
(	O
802.1Qay	O
:	O
Provider	O
Backbone	O
Bridging-Traffic	O
Engineering	O
)	O
is	O
allowing	O
such	O
an	O
Ethernet	O
to	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
an	O
external	O
control	O
or	O
management	O
application	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
network	O
management	O
application	O
or	O
a	O
transport	O
control	O
plane	O
such	O
as	O
GMPLS	O
(	O
IETF	O
RFC	O
3945	O
)	O
)	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
full	O
range	O
of	O
traffic	O
engineering	O
policies	O
and	O
strategies	O
to	O
a	O
network	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEEE	O
802.3	O
Working	O
Group	O
in	O
close	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
ITU	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
to	O
simplify	O
the	O
transport	O
of	O
40G	O
and	O
100G	B-Protocol
technologies	O
being	O
developed	O
by	O
both	O
bodies	O
:	O
802.3	O
for	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
and	O
ITU	O
for	O
the	O
OTN	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OIF	O
and	O
the	O
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Alliance	I-Protocol
have	O
also	O
been	O
working	O
cooperatively	O
with	O
their	O
members	O
to	O
enable	O
future	O
enhancements	O
to	O
Ethernet	O
for	O
the	O
WAN	O
while	O
looking	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
speed	O
of	O
Ethernet	O
technologies	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
