<s>
The	O
Canadian	B-Algorithm
weather	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
network	I-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
33	O
weather	B-Application
radars	I-Application
spanning	O
Canada	O
's	O
most	O
populated	O
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
had	O
until	O
2018	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
in	O
radius	O
around	O
the	O
site	O
to	O
detect	O
reflectivity	O
,	O
3	O
angles	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
,	O
for	O
detecting	O
velocity	O
pattern	O
(	O
Doppler	O
effect	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
extra	O
long	O
range	O
up	O
to	O
at	O
low	O
elevation	O
angle	O
but	O
strongly	O
folded	O
or	O
aliased	B-Error_Name
(	O
where	O
the	O
maximum	O
unambiguous	O
velocity	O
interval	O
( ±Vmax	O
)	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
full	O
range	O
of	O
velocities	O
being	O
measured	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
some	O
being	O
displayed	O
with	O
the	O
wrong	O
values	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
renewal	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
from	O
2018	O
to	O
2023	O
,	O
with	O
new	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
radars	O
brings	O
these	O
numbers	O
respectively	O
to	O
for	O
reflectivity	O
and	O
for	O
full	O
Doppler	O
coverage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
in	O
weather	B-Application
radars	I-Application
in	O
Canada	O
began	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Second	O
World	O
War	O
with	O
"	O
Project	O
Stormy	O
Weather	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Canadian	O
network	O
was	O
thus	O
gradually	O
formed	O
and	O
by	O
1997	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
19	O
weather	B-Application
radars	I-Application
of	O
two	O
kinds	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
:	O
18	O
five	O
centimeter	O
wavelength	O
(	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
)	O
radars	O
and	O
1	O
ten	O
centimeter	O
wavelength	O
(	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
)	O
at	O
McGill	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
radars	O
detected	O
reflectivity	O
but	O
only	O
Carvel	O
(	O
Edmonton	O
)	O
,	O
King	O
City	O
(	O
Toronto	O
)	O
and	O
McGill	O
(	O
Montreal	O
)	O
were	O
equipped	O
with	O
Doppler	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Environment	O
Canada	O
received	O
approval	O
in	O
1998	O
to	O
upgrade	O
the	O
network	O
to	O
Doppler	O
standard	O
and	O
to	O
add	O
12	O
more	O
radars	O
with	O
the	O
operational	O
characteristics	O
coming	O
from	O
King	O
City	O
weather	B-Application
radar	I-Application
station	O
(	O
CWKR	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
research	O
radar	O
of	O
Environment	O
Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Minister	O
of	O
Environment	O
and	O
Climate	O
Change	O
,	O
Catherine	O
McKenna	O
,	O
announced	O
the	O
signature	O
of	O
a	O
$83‑million	O
contract	O
with	O
Selex	O
ES	O
(	O
ex-subsidiary	O
of	O
Leonardo	O
S.p.A.	O
now	O
marketed	O
under	O
Leonardo	O
Electronics	O
)	O
to	O
buy	O
20	O
new	O
radars	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
modern	O
technology	O
available	O
(	O
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
and	O
double	O
polarized	O
)	O
to	O
update	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
the	O
contract	O
containing	O
options	O
to	O
replace	O
all	O
radars	O
in	O
the	O
Canadian	B-Algorithm
Weather	I-Algorithm
Radar	I-Algorithm
Network	I-Algorithm
,	O
by	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
additional	O
radar	O
will	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
Lower	O
Athabasca	O
region	O
in	O
Alberta	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
5.6cm	O
wavelength	O
emitting	O
magnetrons	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
radar	O
in	O
the	O
network	O
will	O
thus	O
be	O
called	O
a	O
WSR-98E	O
,	O
WSR-98R	O
or	O
WSR-98A	O
for	O
Weather	B-Application
Surveillance	I-Application
Radar	I-Application
-	O
1998	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
year	O
of	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
letter	O
of	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
the	O
Pedestal/Antenna	O
(	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
Raytheon	O
or	O
Andrew	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
network	O
is	O
using	O
C	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
radars	O
,	O
compromises	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
(	O
see	O
Doppler	O
dilemma	O
)	O
between	O
maximum	O
reflectivity	O
range	O
and	O
maximum	O
non	O
ambiguous	O
velocities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
McGill	O
radar	O
uses	O
a	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
transmitter	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
transmitter	O
to	O
acquire	O
reflectivities	O
and	O
velocities	O
during	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
24	O
elevation	O
angles	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
5	O
minute	O
cycle	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
all	O
Canadian	O
weather	B-Application
radars	I-Application
will	O
be	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
dual	O
polarization	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
radar	O
between	O
2017	O
and	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
new	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
radars	O
offer	O
more	O
flexibility	O
over	O
the	O
previous	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
radars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
on	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
radars	O
have	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
scanning	O
strategy	O
:	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
angle	O
of	O
0.3	O
degree	O
will	O
use	O
a	O
low	O
PRF	O
to	O
extend	O
its	O
range	O
to	O
400km	O
in	O
reflectivity	O
while	O
a	O
mid-level	O
angle	O
will	O
be	O
eliminated	O
in	O
the	O
cycle	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
help	O
in	O
radar	O
coverage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
replacement	O
of	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
250kW	O
Magnetron	B-Device
single-pol	O
radars	O
with	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
1MW	O
Klystron	O
dual-pol	O
radars	O
began	O
in	O
2017	O
and	O
will	O
end	O
in	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Canadian	O
Weather	B-Application
Radar	I-Application
NetworkSiteLocationProvinceCoordinatesID/call	O
signBandTypeCallsign	O
meaningNotesAldergroveVancouverBritish	O
ColumbiaCASAGSMETEOR	O
1700SAldergroveNew	O
radar	O
METEOR	O
1700S	O
operational	O
since	O
September	O
7	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
replacing	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
CWUJ	O
(	O
WSR-98E	O
)	O
.BethuneReginaSaskatchewanCASBESMETEOR	O
1700SBethuneNew	O
radar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
August	O
2019	O
replacing	O
98A	O
(	O
XBE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
temporary	O
mobile	O
X-band	O
radar	O
was	O
deployed	O
during	O
the	O
upgrade.BlainvilleMontréalQuébecCASBVSMETEOR	O
1700SBlainvilleNew	O
radar	O
commissioned	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
replacing	O
McGill	O
radar	O
(	O
CWMN	O
)	O
.BrittGeorgian	O
BayOntarioCASBISMETEOR	O
1700SBrittNew	O
radar	O
CASBI	O
became	O
operational	O
on	O
November	O
22	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
CWBI	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
(	O
WSR-98A	O
)	O
.CarvelEdmontonAlbertaCASCVSMETEOR	O
1700SCarvelThe	O
new	O
radar	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
replace	O
CWHK	O
(	O
WSR-98E	O
)	O
since	O
January	O
26	O
,	O
2022ChipmanCentral	O
New	O
BrunswickNew	O
BrunswickCASCMSMETEOR	O
1700SChipmanNew	O
radar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
September	O
2019	O
replacing	O
98E	O
(	O
XNC	O
)	O
Cold	O
Lake	O
NW	O
Saskatchewan	O
/	O
NE	O
AlbertaAlbertaCASCLSMETEOR	O
1700SCold	O
LakeNew	O
radar	O
commissioned	O
on	O
October	O
27	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
98E	O
at	O
Jimmy	O
Lake	O
(	O
CWHN	O
)	O
.DrydenWestern	O
OntarioOntarioCASDRSMETEOR	O
1700SDrydenReplaced	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
CXDR	O
on	O
September	O
3	O
,	O
in	O
2020.Egbert	O
(	O
near	O
Barrie	O
)	O
Southern	O
OntarioOntarioCASTSSMETEOR	O
1700SN/ANew	O
radar	O
site	O
for	O
research	O
,	O
training	O
,	O
and	O
tests	O
of	O
material	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
will	O
be	O
built	O
at	O
the	O
Centre	O
for	O
Atmospheric	O
Research	O
Experiments	O
(	O
CERA	O
)	O
.ExeterSouthwestern	O
OntarioOntarioCASETSMETEOR	O
1700SExeterNew	O
radar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
November	O
2019	O
replacing	O
98A	O
(	O
WSO	O
)	O
Fort	O
McMurrayNortheastern	O
AlbertaAlbertaCASFMSMETEOR	O
1700SFort	O
McMurryNew	O
radar	O
site	O
commissioned	O
on	O
September	O
26	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
around	O
South	O
of	O
Fort	O
McMurray.FoxwarrenEastern	O
Saskatchewan/Western	O
ManitobaManitobaCASFWSMETEOR	O
1700SFoxwarrenRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
replacing	O
CXFW	O
,	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
temporary	O
mobile	O
X-band	O
radar	O
was	O
deployed	O
during	O
the	O
upgrade	O
until	O
October	O
31	O
,	O
2018.FranktownEastern	O
OntarioOntarioCASFTSMETEOR	O
1700SFranktownRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
August	O
2021	O
,	O
replacing	O
CXFT	O
,	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GoreCentral	O
Hants	O
CountyNova	O
ScotiaCASGOSMETEOR	O
1700SGoreNew	O
radar	O
METEOR	O
1700S	O
operational	O
since	O
August	O
30	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
replacing	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
CXGO	O
(	O
WSR-98A	O
)	O
.Halfmoon	O
PeakSecheltBritish	O
ColumbiaCASHPSMETEOR	O
1700SHalfmoon	O
PeakVancouver	O
Island	O
replacement	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replaced	O
the	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
(	O
98E	O
)	O
CWTP.King	O
CitySouthern	O
OntarioOntarioCASKRSMETEOR	O
1700SKing	O
City	O
RadarCommissioned	O
on	O
June	O
28	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
(	O
98A	O
)	O
CWKR.LandrienneAmosQuebecCASLASMETEOR	O
1700SLandrienne	O
AmosRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
98R	O
CXLA	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar.Marble	O
MountainWestern	O
NewfoundlandNewfoundland	O
and	O
LabradorCASMMSMETEOR	O
1700S	O
Marble	O
MountainRadar	O
commissioned	O
on	O
October	O
31	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
98A	O
CXME	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar.Marion	O
BridgeSoutheastern	O
Cape	O
Breton	O
CountyNova	O
ScotiaCASMBSMETEOR	O
1700SMarion	O
BridgeRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
CXMB	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar.Mont	O
ApicaSaguenay	O
–	O
Lac-Saint-JeanQuébecCASMASMETEOR	O
1700SMont-ApicaNew	O
site	O
commissioned	O
January	O
23	O
,	O
2023	O
and	O
operational	O
since	O
February	O
6th	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
replacing	O
CWMB	O
Lac	O
Castor	O
(	O
98E	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
)	O
.Montreal	O
RiverSault	O
Ste	O
MarieOntarioCASMRSMETEOR	O
1700SMontreal	O
RiverRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
98E	O
WGJ	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar.Mount	O
Silver	O
StarVernonBritish	O
ColumbiaCASSSSMETEOR	O
1700S	O
Silver	O
Star	O
New	O
radar	O
METEOR	O
,	O
replacing	O
CXSS	O
(	O
WSR-98A	O
)	O
,	O
operational	O
since	O
December	O
14	O
,	O
2022.Prince	O
GeorgeNorthern	O
B.C.British	O
ColumbiaCASPGSMETEOR	O
1700S	O
Prince	O
GeorgeNew	O
METEOR	O
1700S	O
radar	O
replaced	O
the	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
CXPG	O
(	O
WSR-98R	O
)	O
on	O
December	O
19	O
,	O
2022.RadissonSaskatoonSaskatchewanCASRASMETEOR	O
1700S	O
RadissonRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
replacing	O
CXRA	O
,	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar.Sainte-Françoise/	O
( Villeroy	O
)	O
Southwest	O
of	O
Quebec	O
CityQuebecCASSFSMETEOR	O
1700SSainte-FrançoiseCommissioned	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
CWVY	O
with	O
no	O
change	O
of	O
site	O
but	O
change	O
of	O
name	O
from	O
Villeroy	O
to	O
Sainte-Françoise	O
,	O
a	O
closer	O
geographical	O
point.SchulerMedicine	O
HatAlbertaCASSUSMETEOR	O
1700SSchuler	O
Replacement	O
the	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
CXBU	O
on	O
September	O
8	O
,	O
2020.Smooth	O
Rock	O
FallsNortheastern	O
OntarioOntarioCASRFSMETEOR	O
1700SSmooth	O
Rock	O
Falls	O
(	O
The	O
S	O
in	O
CASRF	O
is	O
for	O
S-Band	B-Algorithm
)	O
Initially	O
known	O
as	O
Timmins	O
CXTI	O
,	O
then	O
Northeast	O
Ontario	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spirit	O
RiverGrande	O
PrairieAlbertaCASSRSMETEOR	O
1700SSpirit	O
RiverThis	O
radar	O
was	O
replaced	O
in	O
2018	O
and	O
commissioned	O
in	O
Feb	O
2019	O
replacing	O
CWWW	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
operation	O
since	O
2001/10StrathmoreCalgaryAlbertaCASSMSMETEOR	O
1700SStrathmoreRadar	O
commissioned	O
in	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
98A	O
(	O
XSM	O
)	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
radar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
temporary	O
mobile	O
X-band	O
radar	O
was	O
deployed	O
during	O
the	O
upgrade.Superior	O
WestLasseter	O
LakeOntarioCXNIC98ENipigonWill	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
Shuniah	O
S	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
radar	O
in	O
the	O
spring.Superior	O
WestShuniahOntarioCASSNSMETEOR	O
1700SShuNiahNew	O
radar	O
site	O
replacing	O
Lasseter	O
Lake	O
(	O
CXNI	O
)	O
WSR-98E	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Estimated	O
completion	O
by	O
June	O
2023.Val	O
d'IrèneLower	O
St.	O
LawrenceQuebecCASVDSMETEOR	O
1700SVal	O
d'IrèneReplaced	O
the	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
CAXM	O
(	O
98A	O
)	O
radar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commissioned	O
on	O
November	O
2	O
,	O
2020.WoodlandsWinnipegManitobaCASWLSMETEOR	O
1700SWoodlandsReplaced	O
the	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
(	O
98A	O
)	O
CXWL	O
on	O
October	O
19	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Decommissioned	O
sites	O
of	O
the	O
Canadian	O
Weather	B-Application
Radar	I-Application
NetworkSiteLocationProvinceCoordinatesID/call	O
signBandTypeCallsign	O
meaningNotesLac	O
CastorSaguenay	O
RiverQuebecCWMBC98ECommissioned	O
on	O
February	O
1999	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
METEOR	O
1700S	O
at	O
a	O
new	O
site	O
(	O
Mont	O
Apica	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S-band	B-Algorithm
replacement	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
between	O
2021	O
and	O
2023	O
on	O
an	O
alternate	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
