<s>
Caml	B-Language
(	O
originally	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Categorical	B-Language
Abstract	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
Language	I-Language
)	O
is	O
a	O
multi-paradigm	O
,	O
general-purpose	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
which	O
is	O
a	O
dialect	O
of	O
the	O
ML	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caml	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
in	O
France	O
at	O
INRIA	O
and	O
ENS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caml	B-Language
is	O
statically	O
typed	O
,	O
strictly	O
evaluated	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
OCaml	B-Language
,	O
the	O
main	O
descendant	O
of	O
Caml	B-Language
,	O
adds	O
many	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
object	B-Language
layer	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
following	O
,	O
represents	O
the	O
Caml	B-Language
prompt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
mathematical	O
functions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
factorial	O
,	O
are	O
most	O
naturally	O
represented	O
in	O
a	O
purely	O
functional	B-Language
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
recursive	O
,	O
purely	O
functional	B-Language
Caml	B-Language
function	O
implements	O
factorial	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
function	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
equivalently	O
using	O
pattern	B-Language
matching	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Caml	B-Language
is	O
a	O
functional	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
it	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
pass	O
around	O
functions	O
in	O
Caml	B-Language
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
Caml	B-Language
function	O
computes	O
the	O
numerical	O
derivative	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
function	O
at	O
a	O
given	O
point	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
choice	O
for	O
delta	O
is	O
the	O
cube	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
machine	B-Algorithm
epsilon	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
functional	B-Language
style	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
currying	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concepts	O
of	O
curried	B-Application
and	O
higher-order	O
functions	O
are	O
clearly	O
useful	O
in	O
mathematical	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1D	O
Haar	O
wavelet	O
transform	O
of	O
an	O
integer-power-of-two-length	O
list	O
of	O
numbers	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
very	O
succinctly	O
in	O
Caml	B-Language
and	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pattern	B-Language
matching	I-Language
over	O
lists	O
,	O
taking	O
pairs	O
of	O
elements	O
(	O
and	O
)	O
off	O
the	O
front	O
and	O
storing	O
their	O
sums	O
and	O
differences	O
on	O
the	O
lists	O
and	O
,	O
respectively	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Pattern	B-Language
matching	I-Language
allows	O
complicated	O
transformations	O
to	O
be	O
represented	O
clearly	O
and	O
succinctly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
Caml	B-Language
compiler	O
turns	O
pattern	B-Language
matches	I-Language
into	O
very	O
efficient	O
code	O
,	O
at	O
times	O
resulting	O
in	O
programs	O
that	O
are	O
shorter	O
and	O
faster	O
than	O
equivalent	O
code	O
written	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
statement	O
(	O
Cardelli	O
1984	O
,	O
p.210	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Caml	B-Language
implementation	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
Lisp	B-Language
by	O
Ascánder	O
Suárez	O
in	O
1987	O
at	O
the	O
French	O
Institute	O
for	O
Research	O
in	O
Computer	O
Science	O
and	O
Automation	O
(	O
INRIA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
successor	O
,	O
Caml	B-Language
Light	I-Language
,	O
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
C	B-Language
by	O
Xavier	O
Leroy	O
and	O
Damien	O
Doligez	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
was	O
nicknamed	O
"	O
Heavy	O
Caml	B-Language
"	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
higher	O
memory	O
and	O
CPU	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caml	B-Language
Special	O
Light	O
was	O
a	O
further	O
complete	O
rewrite	O
that	O
added	O
a	O
powerful	O
module	O
system	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
augmented	O
with	O
an	O
object	B-Language
layer	I-Language
to	O
become	O
Objective	B-Language
Caml	I-Language
,	O
eventually	O
renamed	O
OCaml	B-Language
.	O
</s>
