<s>
Calypso	B-Device
is	O
an	O
international	O
electronic	O
ticketing	O
standard	O
for	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
contactless	O
smart	O
cards	O
,	O
originally	O
designed	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
transit	O
operators	O
from	O
11	O
countries	O
including	O
Belgium	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
Latvia	O
,	O
México	O
,	O
Portugal	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calypso	B-Device
was	O
born	O
in	O
1993	O
from	O
a	O
partnership	O
between	O
the	O
Paris	O
transit	O
operator	O
RATP	O
and	O
Innovatron	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
French	O
smartcard	O
inventor	O
,	O
Roland	O
Moreno	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
standard	O
ISO/IEC	O
14443	O
for	O
contactless	O
smart	O
cards	O
was	O
being	O
designed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
actors	O
of	O
Calypso	B-Device
strongly	O
lobbied	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
technology	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
but	O
Innovatron	O
's	O
patents	O
—	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
the	O
related	O
royalties	O
—	O
were	O
not	O
compliant	O
with	O
ISO	O
's	O
policy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
despite	O
their	O
closeness	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
Calypso	B-Device
's	O
historical	O
contactless	O
protocol	O
and	O
ISO/IEC	O
14443	O
Type	O
B	O
international	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
standard	O
for	O
ticketing	O
data	O
(	O
EN1545	O
)	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
contributed	O
by	O
the	O
actors	O
of	O
Calypso	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calypso	B-Device
is	O
extended	O
now	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Belgium	O
,	O
Israel	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
Mexico	O
,	O
Colombia	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Calypso	B-Device
is	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
main	O
technologies	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
smartcard	O
,	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
monetary	O
transactions	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contactless	O
interface	O
(	O
improperly	O
called	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
ensuring	O
both	O
remote	O
powering	O
and	O
communication	O
between	O
the	O
reader	O
and	O
the	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Calypso	B-Device
card	O
,	O
whatever	O
its	O
form	O
(	O
card	O
,	O
watch	O
,	O
mobile	O
phone	O
or	O
other	O
NFC	O
object	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
has	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
which	O
contains	O
all	O
the	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
its	O
owner	O
rights	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
implements	O
the	O
Calypso	B-Device
authentication	O
scheme	O
for	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
non-for-profit	O
association	O
,	O
Calypso	B-Device
Networks	O
Association	O
(	O
CNA	O
)	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
created	O
to	O
regroup	O
the	O
transit	O
network	O
operators	O
using	O
Calypso	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
suppliers	O
of	O
Calypso	B-Device
compliant	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
