<s>
Caldera	B-Operating_System
OpenLinux	I-Operating_System
(	O
COL	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
defunct	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
originally	O
introduced	O
it	O
in	O
1997	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
German	O
LST	O
Power	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
,	O
and	O
then	O
taken	O
over	O
and	O
further	O
developed	O
by	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
(	O
now	O
SCO	O
Group	O
)	O
since	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Caldera	O
Network	O
Desktop	B-Device
put	O
together	O
by	O
Caldera	O
since	O
1995	O
,	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
was	O
an	O
early	O
"	O
business-oriented	O
distribution	B-Application
"	O
and	O
foreshadowed	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
developments	O
that	O
came	O
to	O
most	O
other	O
distributions	O
and	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
community	O
generally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Corsair	O
,	O
a	O
user	O
interface	O
for	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
a	O
project	O
run	O
by	O
Novell	O
corporation	O
's	O
Advanced	O
Technology	O
Group	O
(	O
ATG	O
)	O
between	O
1993	O
and	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Novell	O
wanted	O
a	O
desktop	B-Device
environment	O
with	O
internet	O
connectivity	O
and	O
conducted	O
research	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
better	O
and	O
more	O
easily	O
integrate	B-General_Concept
and	O
manage	O
network	O
access	O
for	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
 '	O
own	O
support	O
for	O
connecting	O
to	O
Novell	O
networks	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
improved	O
until	O
later	O
releases	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	O
was	O
dominated	O
by	O
Unix-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relative	O
to	O
their	O
needs	O
,	O
Novell	O
deemed	O
the	O
Unixes	B-Application
of	O
the	O
day	O
were	O
too	O
hardware	O
intensive	O
,	O
too	O
large	O
,	O
and	O
charged	O
too	O
much	O
in	O
license	O
fees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
group	O
became	O
convinced	O
that	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
offered	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
answer	O
for	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
component	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Willows	O
,	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
Windows-compatible	O
API	B-Application
for	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
to	O
allow	O
recompilation	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
programs	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
5	O
April	O
1994	O
,	O
the	O
Board	O
of	O
Novell	O
hired	O
Robert	O
Frankenberg	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
Personal	O
Information	O
Products	O
Group	O
to	O
replace	O
Raymond	O
John	O
Noorda	O
as	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Novell	O
,	O
the	O
Network	O
division	O
(	O
NSG	O
)	O
was	O
growing	O
at	O
a	O
pace	O
of	O
19%	O
per	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
business	O
division	O
(	O
USG	O
)	O
was	O
flat	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Desktop	B-Application
Applications	I-Application
division	O
(	O
DSG	O
)	O
was	O
shrinking	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
$400	O
million	O
per	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Advanced	O
Technology	O
Group	O
was	O
disbanded	O
,	O
which	O
shut	O
down	O
Willows	O
and	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Negotiations	O
started	O
which	O
would	O
eventually	O
lead	O
to	O
WordPerfect	B-Application
being	O
sold	O
off	O
to	O
Corel	O
in	O
January	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ferret	O
was	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
direction	O
and	O
this	O
component	B-Architecture
was	O
kept	O
within	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
thought	O
there	O
was	O
substantial	O
promise	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
project	O
and	O
the	O
Willows	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
API	B-Application
company	O
"	O
was	O
called	O
Willows	O
Software	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
founded	O
1993	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
OS	B-General_Concept
company	O
"	O
became	O
Caldera	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
founded	O
in	O
October	O
1994	O
and	O
incorporated	O
in	O
January	O
1995	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Noorda	O
's	O
early	O
vision	O
for	O
Caldera	O
was	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
IPX-based	O
version	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
which	O
would	O
license	O
the	O
key	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
resell	O
this	O
technology	O
back	O
to	O
Novell	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
Internet	O
Desktop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
effect	O
,	O
in	O
1994	O
Caldera	O
started	O
life	O
as	O
kind	O
of	O
an	O
outsourcing	B-Architecture
project	O
for	O
Novell	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
technology	O
demo	O
named	O
Exposé	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
started	O
with	O
ten	O
employees	O
and	O
most	O
were	O
from	O
Novell	O
:	O
Bryan	O
Wayne	O
Sparks	O
,	O
founder/president	O
(	O
Novell	O
)	O
;	O
Bryce	O
J	O
.	O
Burns	O
,	O
chief	O
operations	O
officer	O
(	O
Novell	O
)	O
;	O
Ransom	O
H	O
.	O
Love	O
,	O
VP	O
marketing	O
(	O
Novell	O
)	O
;	O
Greg	O
Page	O
,	O
VP	O
engineering	O
(	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
,	O
AT&T	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
Craig	O
Bradley	O
,	O
VP	O
Sales	O
(	O
Lotus	O
,	O
Word	B-Application
Perfect	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
which	O
ran	O
on	O
x86	B-Operating_System
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
and	O
Alpha	B-Device
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Network	O
Desktop	B-Device
was	O
based	O
on	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Commercial	B-Application
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
wide	O
area	O
networking	O
was	O
far	O
more	O
advanced	O
than	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
networked	O
OSes	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
for	O
Workgroups	O
3.11	O
and	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
3.51	I-Device
)	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
being	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
included	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Novell	O
's	O
IPX	B-Protocol
network	O
protocol	O
and	O
a	O
client	B-Protocol
for	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Willows	O
Application	B-Application
Programming	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
(	O
APIW	O
)	O
code	O
written	O
for	O
Caldera	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
would	O
run	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Caldera	O
's	O
system	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
also	O
incorporated	O
LISA	O
(	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Installation	O
and	O
System	B-Application
Administration	I-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
German	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Support	O
Team	O
(	O
LST	O
)	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
component	B-Architecture
for	O
Novell	O
,	O
Caldera	O
had	O
assembled	O
the	O
components	O
needed	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
VAR	O
platform	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Caldera	O
faced	O
a	O
bootstrapping	B-Application
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OEM	O
VAR	O
applications	B-Application
often	O
depended	O
crucially	O
on	O
other	O
companies	O
 '	O
commercial	B-Application
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
these	O
other	O
applications	B-Application
had	O
n't	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
yet	O
,	O
they	O
could	O
n't	O
meaningfully	O
port	O
their	O
own	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
responded	O
by	O
creating	O
a	O
binary	B-Application
applications	I-Application
package	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
to	O
run	O
UnixWare	B-Operating_System
and	O
OpenServer	B-Operating_System
applications	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Application	B-Operating_System
Binary	I-Operating_System
Interface	I-Operating_System
(	O
ABI	O
)	O
project	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
assisting	O
Santa	O
Cruz	O
Operation	O
(	O
SCO	O
)	O
in	O
creating	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Kernel	I-Operating_System
Personalities	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Operating_System
Kernel	I-Operating_System
Personalities	I-Operating_System
was	O
worked	O
on	O
to	O
bring	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
application	B-Application
compatibility	O
to	O
SCO	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
(	O
formerly	O
UnixWare	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
OpenServer	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
The	O
idea	O
was	O
to	O
enable	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
write	O
for	O
both	O
,	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
a	O
common	O
Application	B-Application
Programming	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
and	O
common	O
Application	B-Operating_System
Binary	I-Operating_System
Interface	I-Operating_System
(	O
ABI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
way	O
,	O
developers	B-Application
did	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
work	O
so	O
hard	O
,	O
and	O
Unix	B-Application
users	O
,	O
the	O
client	B-Protocol
base	O
we	O
inherited	O
from	O
SCO	O
,	O
could	O
run	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
applications.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
also	O
supported	O
Alan	O
Cox	O
in	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
displaced	O
Unix	B-Application
on	O
the	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
platform	B-Device
,	O
then	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
would	O
n't	O
have	O
a	O
low-end	O
Unix	B-Application
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
IBM	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
company	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
work	O
,	O
and	O
moreover	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
most	O
directly	O
involved	O
is	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
later	O
became	O
the	O
SCO	O
Group	O
,	O
essentially	O
SCO	O
suing	O
IBM	O
for	O
work	O
it	O
itself	O
did	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
when	O
XFree86	B-Device
was	O
still	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
configure	O
and	O
unreliable	O
on	O
most	O
chipsets	O
,	O
Caldera	O
had	O
shipped	O
with	O
MetroLink	O
's	O
Motif	B-Application
and	O
XI	O
Graphic	O
's	O
Accelerated-X	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Network	O
Desktop	B-Device
was	O
produced	O
and	O
sold	O
until	O
March	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
1996	O
,	O
Caldera	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
player	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
on	O
23	O
May	O
1996	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Kongress	O
in	O
Berlin	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
Caldera	O
announced	O
its	O
plans	O
to	O
obtain	O
POSIX	O
and	O
FIPS	B-Application
certifications	O
and	O
the	O
X/Open	O
brand	O
for	O
UNIX	B-Application
95	O
and	O
XPG4	O
BASE	O
95	O
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
"	O
Open	B-Operating_System
Linux	B-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
CND	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
was	O
based	O
on	O
LST	O
Power	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
Slackware-derived	O
distribution	B-Application
that	O
had	O
been	O
maintained	O
by	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Support	O
Team	O
since	O
1993	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
come	O
with	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Support	O
Team	O
grew	O
into	O
Stefan	O
Probst	O
's	O
and	O
Ralf	O
Flaxa	O
's	O
company	O
LST	O
Software	O
GmbH	O
(	O
with	O
LST	O
now	O
standing	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
System	O
Technology	O
)	O
in	O
Erlangen	O
,	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
development	O
led	O
them	O
to	O
become	O
Caldera	O
's	O
German	O
development	O
center	O
Caldera	O
Deutschland	O
GmbH	O
since	O
May	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
23	O
July	O
1996	O
,	O
Caldera	O
purchased	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
Digital	O
Research	O
assets	O
from	O
Novell	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
bundle	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
with	O
their	O
version	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
creating	O
the	O
OpenDOS	B-Application
distribution	B-Application
to	O
help	O
port	O
DOS	B-Device
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
supported	O
the	O
Linux-port	O
of	O
StarOffice	B-Application
3.1	I-Application
with	O
ca	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
800.000DM	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
offer	O
the	O
product	O
with	O
their	O
forthcoming	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
distribution	B-Application
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1997	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
distribution	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
,	O
Caldera	O
had	O
taken	O
on	O
the	O
form	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
most	O
remembered	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
had	O
switched	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
business	O
"	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
became	O
more	O
rich	O
with	O
features	O
with	O
bundled	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
less	O
community	O
oriented	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
less	O
frequently	O
than	O
other	O
Linuxes	B-Operating_System
did	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
differences	O
included	O
automated	O
configuration	O
for	O
administration	B-Application
tools	O
,	O
paid	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
staff	O
,	O
built-in	O
consistent	O
default	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
supported	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
next	O
five	O
years	O
,	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
offered	O
additional	O
commercial	B-Application
extensions	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
licensed	O
Sun	O
's	O
Wabi	B-General_Concept
to	O
allow	O
people	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
under	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
they	O
shipped	O
with	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
versions	O
of	O
WordPerfect	B-Application
(	O
from	O
Novell	O
and	O
later	O
Corel	O
)	O
and	O
CorelDRAW	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
many	O
of	O
their	O
customers	O
used	O
a	O
dual	B-Operating_System
boot	I-Operating_System
setup	O
and	O
FIPS	B-Application
was	O
unreliable	O
,	O
they	O
shipped	O
with	O
PowerQuest	O
's	O
PartitionMagic	B-Application
to	O
allow	O
their	O
customers	O
to	O
non-destructively	O
repartition	B-Application
their	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
partnership	O
with	O
IBM	O
they	O
produced	O
the	O
first	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
which	O
was	O
DB2	B-Application
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	B-Application
Oracle	I-Application
Corporation	I-Application
they	O
became	O
the	O
target	O
platform	B-Device
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
port	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
ventures	O
included	O
starting	O
the	O
Blackdown	B-Language
Java	I-Language
project	O
,	O
and	O
creating	O
professional	O
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
formed	O
strong	O
partnerships	O
with	O
SCO	O
's	O
value-added	O
reseller	O
market	O
and	O
started	O
laying	O
the	O
groundwork	O
for	O
OEM	O
sales	O
of	O
Unix-based	O
vertical	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Systems	O
offered	O
three	O
versions	O
of	O
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
Lite	O
was	O
a	O
freely	O
downloadable	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
Base	O
was	O
a	O
USD	O
99	O
version	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
Standard	O
was	O
USD	O
299	O
and	O
was	O
their	O
fully	O
featured	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
they	O
created	O
many	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
extensions	O
to	O
fill	O
voids	O
where	O
no	O
other	O
commercial	B-Application
company	O
was	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Systems	O
began	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
equivalent	O
of	O
replacing	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
that	O
would	O
eventually	O
become	O
Volution	O
Messaging	O
Server	O
,	O
which	O
offered	O
calendaring/scheduling	O
options	O
with	O
shared	O
busy/free	O
information	O
,	O
SSL	B-Protocol
support	O
for	O
e-mail	O
and	O
easy	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
Caldera	O
Deutschland	O
created	O
the	O
first	O
fully	O
graphical	O
installer	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
Lizard	O
,	O
starting	O
in	O
November	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
invented	O
browser-based	O
Unix	B-Application
system	I-Application
administration	B-Application
,	O
created	O
the	O
webmin	B-Application
project	O
,	O
and	O
employed	O
its	O
developer	B-Application
Jamie	O
Cameron	O
between	O
1999	O
and	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Systems	O
created	O
a	O
full	O
featured	O
GUI	B-Application
system	B-Application
administration	I-Application
tool	O
called	O
Caldera	O
Open	B-Operating_System
Administration	B-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
COAS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tool	O
was	O
a	O
unified	O
,	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
administration	B-Application
tool	O
with	O
a	O
modular	B-Architecture
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
scalability	B-Architecture
and	O
broad	O
scope	O
abilities	O
,	O
it	O
featured	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
OpenLinux	B-Operating_System
showed	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
community	O
what	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
mainstream	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
OS	I-General_Concept
out	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
ways	O
the	O
last	O
ten	O
years	O
of	O
desktop	B-Device
progress	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
successfully	O
implement	O
what	O
Caldera	O
was	O
attempting	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
tools	O
they	O
had	O
available	O
using	O
open	B-Operating_System
source	O
software	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
closed	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
technique	O
for	O
this	O
was	O
to	O
utilize	O
commercial	B-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
fill	O
in	O
the	O
largest	O
gaps	O
making	O
their	O
product	O
a	O
"	O
value	O
add	O
"	O
and	O
thus	O
they	O
could	O
charge	O
for	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
made	O
them	O
the	O
most	O
commercial	B-Application
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
it	O
made	O
them	O
the	O
most	O
advanced	O
distribution	B-Application
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
desktop	B-Device
company	O
became	O
Caldera	O
International	O
under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
Ransom	O
Love	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
focus	O
for	O
the	O
desktop	B-Device
company	O
became	O
mainly	O
marketing	O
and	O
business	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
was	O
that	O
Caldera	O
had	O
won	O
a	O
$280	O
million	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Microsoft	O
for	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
and	O
was	O
flush	O
with	O
cash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secondly	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Caldera	O
distribution	B-Application
was	O
good	O
,	O
its	O
primary	O
advantages	O
were	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
technologies	O
not	O
owned	O
by	O
Caldera	O
and	O
thus	O
if	O
Caldera	O
were	O
successful	O
its	O
success	O
could	O
(	O
from	O
a	O
technical	O
standpoint	O
)	O
be	O
imitated	O
,	O
by	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
SUSE	O
,	O
TurboLinux	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third	O
,	O
for	O
years	O
Caldera	O
had	O
been	O
competing	O
directly	O
with	O
SCO	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
by	O
1997	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
outperformed	O
SCO	O
in	O
almost	O
every	O
respect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
Caldera	O
International	O
's	O
corporate	O
direction	O
became	O
to	O
combine	O
SCO	O
's	O
distribution	B-Application
,	O
marketing	O
and	O
VAR	O
arm	O
with	O
LAMP	B-Application
,	O
and	O
use	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Monterey	I-Operating_System
to	O
develop	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
technical	O
standpoint	O
however	O
Caldera	B-Operating_System
OpenLinux	I-Operating_System
really	O
shone	O
during	O
the	O
Ransom	O
Love	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
commercial	B-Application
bundling	O
solution	O
continued	O
to	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
had	O
a	O
powerful	O
low	O
bug	B-Error_Name
(	O
by	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
standards	O
)	O
distribution	B-Application
that	O
worked	O
well	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
pulled	O
way	O
ahead	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
US	O
sales	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
global	O
sales	O
front	O
they	O
trailed	O
SUSE	O
and	O
TurboLinux	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
financially	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
settlement	O
they	O
were	O
the	O
strongest	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Systems	O
had	O
always	O
sold	O
the	O
"	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
is	O
SCO	O
but	O
better	O
"	O
model	O
and	O
had	O
done	O
everything	O
possible	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
SCO	O
to	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
relatively	O
seamless	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
the	O
14,000	O
SCO	O
resellers	O
made	O
much	O
more	O
from	O
each	O
SCO	O
sale	O
than	O
from	O
sales	O
of	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
anxious	O
to	O
move	O
existing	O
customers	O
from	O
SCO	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
;	O
and	O
even	O
those	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
supportive	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
saw	O
no	O
strong	O
value	O
add	O
for	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
and	O
often	O
sold	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
Systems	O
had	O
two	O
businesses	O
in	O
direct	O
competition	O
,	O
one	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
shrinking	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
profitable	O
Unix	B-Application
business	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
a	O
rapidly	O
growing	O
business	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
still	O
hemorrhaging	O
money	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
logical	O
solution	O
was	O
to	O
establish	O
Caldera	O
Systems	O
as	O
the	O
premier	O
Linux	B-Application
brand	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
Ransom	O
Love	O
formed	O
an	O
alliance	O
of	O
large	O
business	O
oriented	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
which	O
utilized	O
the	O
KDE	B-Application
desktop	B-Device
,	O
called	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
alliance	O
comprised	O
Caldera	O
International	O
,	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
Turbolinux	O
,	O
and	O
Conectiva	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Professional	O
Institute	O
adopted	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
as	O
their	O
standard	O
distribution	B-Application
for	O
training	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
with	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
had	O
the	O
engineering	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
had	O
continued	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
large	O
technical	O
staff	O
,	O
Caldera	O
International	O
had	O
the	O
global	O
support	O
organization	O
,	O
and	O
Turbo	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
as	O
well	O
as	O
Conectiva	O
brought	O
with	O
growth	O
potential	O
into	O
less	O
flooded	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
merger	O
was	O
so	O
successful	O
,	O
that	O
Love	O
and	O
Sparks	O
could	O
claim	O
vindication	O
that	O
year	O
when	O
Novell	O
reversed	O
the	O
Frankenberg	O
decision	O
and	O
brought	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
engineering	O
talent	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
fold	O
with	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
SUSE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
was	O
rejected	O
by	O
the	O
broader	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
community	O
;	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
per-seat	B-License
licensing	I-License
was	O
their	O
most	O
highly	O
controversial	O
decision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
importantly	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
Darl	O
McBride	O
had	O
become	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Caldera	O
International	O
and	O
the	O
focus	O
had	O
shifted	O
away	O
from	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
International	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
released	O
a	O
Caldera	O
"	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
"	O
with	O
the	O
OpenUNIX	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	B-Application
has	O
TLI	B-Application
and	O
STREAMS	B-Operating_System
support	O
,	O
which	O
made	O
writing	O
drivers	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Caldera	O
International	O
proved	O
this	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
yet	O
not	O
having	O
to	O
change	O
much	O
else	O
on	O
a	O
full	O
featured	O
desktop	B-Device
and	O
server	O
"	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
Caldera	O
International	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
,	O
including	O
Ralph	O
Yarro	O
,	O
named	O
Darl	O
McBride	O
,	O
formerly	O
with	O
Franklin-Covey	O
,	O
as	O
CEO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ransom	O
Love	O
was	O
reassigned	O
to	O
work	O
exclusively	O
on	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
he	O
completed	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
left	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
join	O
Progeny	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
which	O
was	O
aiming	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
professional	O
Debian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
McBride	O
's	O
first	O
acts	O
as	O
CEO	B-Application
was	O
to	O
collect	O
$	O
600,000	O
in	O
back	O
licensing	O
fees	O
that	O
were	O
owed	O
to	O
Caldera	O
International	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
cleaned	O
up	O
various	O
Linux-related	O
licensing	O
issues	O
allowing	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
round	O
of	O
financing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
thereafter	O
he	O
made	O
strong	O
accusations	O
that	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
had	O
infringed	O
copyrights	O
SCO	O
held	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
;	O
they	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
purchased	O
these	O
copyrights	O
from	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Novell	O
denied	O
selling	O
them	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
copyright	O
,	O
prompting	O
them	O
to	O
sue	O
for	O
slander	O
of	O
title	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCO	O
also	O
initiated	O
lawsuits	O
against	O
IBM	O
and	O
AutoZone	O
,	O
alleging	O
copyright	O
infringements	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
or	O
distribution	B-Application
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
;	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
lawsuits	O
have	O
been	O
resolved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCO	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
division	O
,	O
SCOsource	B-Application
,	O
that	O
owns	O
and	O
licenses	O
their	O
intellectual	O
property	O
;	O
a	O
desktop	B-Device
license	O
is	O
$699	O
.	O
</s>
