<s>
Cairo	B-Language
(	O
stylized	O
as	O
cairo	B-Language
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
graphics	B-Library
library	I-Library
that	O
provides	O
a	O
vector	O
graphics-based	O
,	O
device-independent	O
API	B-Application
for	O
software	B-Application
developers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
primitives	O
for	O
two-dimensional	O
drawing	O
across	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
back	B-Architecture
ends	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cairo	B-Language
uses	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
when	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
library	O
written	O
in	O
one	O
programming	O
language	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
another	O
language	O
if	O
bindings	B-Application
are	O
written	O
;	O
Cairo	B-Language
has	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
bindings	B-Application
for	O
various	O
languages	O
including	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
other	O
CLI	O
languages	O
,	O
Delphi	B-Language
,	O
Eiffel	B-Language
,	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
Factor	B-Application
,	O
Harbour	B-Application
,	O
Haskell	B-Language
,	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
Lua	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
Scheme	B-Language
,	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
and	O
several	O
others	O
like	O
Gambas	B-Language
(	O
Visual	O
Basic	O
like	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Cairo	B-Language
is	O
only	O
a	O
drawing	O
library	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
quite	O
useful	O
to	O
integrate	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
graphical	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLTK	B-Language
has	O
full	O
Cairo	B-Language
support	O
(	O
through	O
--enable-cairo	O
compile	O
switch	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK	B-Application
began	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
with	O
version	O
2.8	O
,	O
to	O
use	O
Cairo	B-Language
to	O
render	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
its	O
graphical	O
control	O
elements	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
version	O
3.0	O
all	O
rendering	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
Cairo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cairo	B-Language
development	O
team	O
maintains	O
up-to-date	O
instructions	O
for	O
rendering	O
surfaces	O
to	O
SDL	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cairo	B-Language
supports	O
output	O
(	O
including	O
rasterisation	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
back-ends	B-Architecture
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
surfaces	O
"	O
in	O
its	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Back-ends	B-Architecture
support	O
includes	O
output	O
to	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
via	O
both	O
Xlib	B-Language
and	O
XCB	B-Language
,	O
Win32	B-Operating_System
GDI	I-Operating_System
,	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Quartz	O
Compositor	O
,	O
the	O
BeOS	B-Application
API	B-Application
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
contexts	O
(	O
directly	O
and	O
via	O
glitz	O
)	O
,	O
local	O
image	O
buffers	O
,	O
PNG	O
files	O
,	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
PostScript	B-Language
,	O
DirectFB	B-Application
and	O
SVG	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
other	O
back-ends	B-Architecture
in	O
development	O
targeting	O
the	O
graphics	B-Library
APIs	I-Library
OpenVG	B-Library
,	O
Qt	B-Language
,	O
Skia	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Direct2D	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BeOS	B-Application
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
and	O
DirectFB	B-Application
backends	B-Architecture
were	O
dropped	O
in	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cairo	B-Language
drawing	O
model	O
relies	O
on	O
a	O
three-layer	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
destination	O
or	O
surface	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
back-end	B-Architecture
for	O
the	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
constitutes	O
a	O
fundamentally	O
different	O
approach	O
from	O
Scalable	B-Application
Vector	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
(	O
SVG	B-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
specifies	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
shapes	O
with	O
Cascading	B-Language
Style	I-Language
Sheets	I-Language
(	O
CSS	B-Language
)	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
Cairo	B-Language
would	O
create	O
a	O
mask	O
of	O
a	O
shape	O
,	O
then	O
make	O
a	O
source	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
transfer	O
them	O
onto	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
an	O
SVG	B-Application
file	I-Application
would	O
simply	O
specify	O
the	O
shape	O
with	O
a	O
style	O
attribute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
said	O
,	O
the	O
models	O
are	O
not	O
incompatible	O
;	O
many	O
SVG	B-Application
renderers	O
use	O
Cairo	B-Language
for	O
heavy	O
lifting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quite	O
complex	O
"	O
Hello	O
world	O
"	O
graphics	O
can	O
be	O
drawn	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
Cairo	B-Language
with	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
lines	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Cairo	B-Language
is	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
community	O
for	O
providing	O
cross-platform	O
support	O
for	O
advanced	O
2D	O
drawing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK	B-Application
,	O
starting	O
in	O
2005	O
with	O
version	O
2.8	O
,	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
to	O
render	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
its	O
graphical	O
control	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
GTK	B-Application
version	O
3	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
rendering	O
is	O
done	O
using	O
Cairo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
program	O
called	O
found	O
in	O
Debian	O
allows	O
for	O
taking	O
vector	O
(	O
SVG	B-Application
,	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
or	O
PostScript	B-Language
)	O
screenshots	B-Application
of	O
GTK	B-Application
3	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
including	O
Moonlight	B-Language
,	O
has	O
been	O
using	O
Cairo	B-Language
since	O
very	O
early	O
in	O
conception	O
to	O
power	O
the	O
back-ends	B-Architecture
of	O
its	O
GDI+	O
(	O
libgdiplus	O
)	O
and	O
System.Drawing	O
namespaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
has	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
Cairo	B-Language
in	O
its	O
Gecko	B-Language
layout	I-Language
engine	I-Language
,	O
used	O
for	O
rendering	O
the	O
graphical	O
output	O
of	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gecko	B-Language
1.8	I-Language
,	O
the	O
layout	O
engine	O
for	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
Firefox	O
2.0	O
and	O
SeaMonkey	B-Language
1.0	O
,	O
used	O
Cairo	B-Language
to	O
render	O
SVG	B-Application
and	O
<canvas>	B-Language
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gecko	B-Language
1.9	I-Language
,	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Gecko	B-Language
that	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Firefox	B-Language
3	I-Language
,	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
as	O
the	O
graphics	O
back-end	B-Architecture
for	O
rendering	O
both	O
web	O
page	O
content	O
and	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
or	O
"	O
chrome	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WebKit	B-Language
framework	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
for	O
all	O
rendering	O
in	O
the	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
EFL	B-Library
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
added	O
for	O
SVG	B-Application
and	O
<canvas>	B-Language
content	O
using	O
Cairo	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Poppler	B-Language
library	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
to	O
render	O
PDF	B-Application
documents	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cairo	B-Language
enables	O
the	O
drawing	O
of	O
antialiased	O
vector	O
graphics	O
and	O
transparent	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
vector	O
graphics	O
application	O
Inkscape	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
Cairo	B-Language
library	O
for	O
its	O
outline	O
mode	O
display	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
PDF	B-Application
and	O
PostScript	B-Language
export	O
since	O
release	O
0.46	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manim	O
has	O
since	O
moved	O
to	O
using	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
2.5	O
features	O
a	O
shared	O
library	O
implementation	O
of	O
Cairo	B-Language
,	O
which	O
was	O
available	O
as	O
stand-alone	O
release	O
for	O
earlier	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
4.1	O
supports	O
a	O
shared	O
object	O
library	O
of	O
Cairo	B-Language
(	O
libcairo.so	O
)	O
in	O
its	O
default	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FontForge	B-Application
enabled	O
Cairo	B-Language
by	O
default	O
for	O
rendering	O
in	O
mid-October	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
R	B-Language
can	O
output	O
plots	O
in	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
PostScript	B-Language
and	O
SVG	B-Application
formats	I-Application
using	O
Cairo	B-Language
if	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnuplot	B-Application
4.4	O
now	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
for	O
rendering	O
PDF	B-Application
and	O
PNG	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
Browser	O
for	O
PlayStation	O
3	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
since	O
system	O
software	O
update	O
4.10	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synfig	B-Language
0.64	O
now	O
supports	O
optional	O
Cairo	B-Language
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-demand	O
graphing	O
of	O
time	O
series	O
data	O
in	O
Graphite	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Konfabulator/Yahoo	O
widget	O
engine	O
uses	O
Cairo	B-Language
for	O
identical	O
output	O
to	O
both	O
Win32	O
and	O
Quartz	O
on	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS/X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
SolveSpace	B-Algorithm
,	O
free	O
and	O
open	O
source	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
CAD	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Keith	O
Packard	O
and	O
Carl	O
Worth	O
founded	O
the	O
Cairo	B-Language
project	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
(	O
until	O
at	O
least	O
2003	O
)	O
called	O
Xr	O
or	O
Xr/Xc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
library	O
to	O
access	O
display	O
server	O
,	O
not	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Cairo	B-Language
derives	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
name	O
Xr	O
,	O
interpreted	O
as	O
the	O
Greek	O
letters	O
chi	O
and	O
rho	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cairo	B-Language
handles	O
Latin	O
and	O
CJK	O
based	O
fonts	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
complex	O
text	O
layout	O
fonts	O
,	O
which	O
require	O
shaping	O
the	O
glyphs	O
.	O
</s>
