<s>
CableCARD	B-Application
is	O
a	O
special-use	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
device	O
that	O
allows	O
consumers	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
record	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
television	I-Device
channels	O
on	O
digital	B-Application
video	I-Application
recorders	I-Application
,	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
television	O
sets	O
on	O
equipment	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
set-top	O
box	O
not	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
cable	O
television	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
broader	O
context	O
,	O
CableCARD	B-Application
refers	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
technologies	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
cable	O
television	O
industry	O
to	O
allow	O
devices	O
from	O
non-cable	O
companies	O
to	O
access	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
cable	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
CableCARD	B-Application
technologies	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
devices	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
physical	O
CableCARD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CableCARD	B-Application
was	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
a	O
U.S.	O
federal	O
government	O
objective	O
,	O
directed	O
in	O
the	O
Telecommunications	O
Act	O
of	O
1996	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
robust	O
competitive	O
retail	O
market	O
for	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
so	O
consumers	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
proprietary	O
equipment	O
from	O
the	O
cable	O
operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2020	O
FCC	O
decision	O
removed	O
the	O
requirement	O
for	O
cable	O
companies	O
to	O
provide	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
consumer	O
access	O
options	O
via	O
"	O
separable	O
security	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
Telecommunications	O
Act	O
of	O
1996	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
is	O
known	O
as	O
Section	O
629	O
,	O
instructing	O
the	O
Federal	O
Communications	O
Commission	O
(	O
FCC	O
)	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
1998	O
,	O
after	O
securing	O
proposals	O
and	O
recommendations	O
from	O
interested	O
parties	O
,	O
the	O
FCC	O
ordered	O
that	O
cable	O
companies	O
would	O
provide	O
a	O
separable	O
security	O
access	O
device	O
by	O
July	O
1	O
,	O
2000	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
third-party	O
devices	O
to	O
access	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
many	O
requests	O
for	O
delay	O
from	O
the	O
cable	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
CableCARD	B-Application
devices	O
became	O
available	O
from	O
third	O
party	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
August	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
November	O
1	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
all	O
US	O
cable	O
operators	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
allow	O
self-installation	O
of	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
by	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CableCARD	B-Application
is	O
a	O
term	O
trademarked	O
by	O
CableLabs	O
for	O
the	O
Point	O
of	O
Deployment	O
(	O
POD	O
)	O
module	O
defined	O
by	O
standards	O
including	O
SCTE	O
28	O
,	O
SCTE	O
41	O
,	O
CEA-679	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
physical	O
CableCARD	B-Application
is	O
inserted	O
into	O
a	O
slot	O
in	O
the	O
host	O
(	O
typically	O
a	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
set	O
or	O
a	O
set-top	O
box	O
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
identify	O
and	O
authorize	O
the	O
customer	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
proprietary	O
decoding	O
of	O
the	O
encrypted	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
signal	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
proprietary	O
set-top	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cable	O
tuner	O
,	O
QAM	B-Device
demodulator	B-Application
,	O
and	O
MPEG	O
decoder	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
host	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
card	O
performs	O
any	O
conditional	B-Architecture
access	I-Architecture
and	O
decryption	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
MPEG-2	O
transport	O
stream	O
to	O
the	O
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CableCARDs	B-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
both	O
standard	B-Device
definition	I-Device
and	O
high	B-Device
definition	I-Device
channels	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
switched	O
video	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CableCARDs	B-Application
are	O
not	O
necessary	O
for	O
viewing	O
unscrambled	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
channels	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
a	O
QAM	B-Device
tuner	I-Device
—	O
a	O
feature	O
in	O
some	O
televisions	O
and	O
DVRs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CableCARD	B-Application
support	O
is	O
most	O
common	O
on	O
higher	O
end	O
televisions	O
that	O
include	O
a	O
special	O
slot	O
for	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
and	O
a	O
built-in	O
cable	O
tuner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Televisions	O
that	O
support	O
CableCARD	B-Application
should	O
be	O
labeled	O
by	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
as	O
"	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
ready	I-Device
"	O
(	O
DCR	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
video	B-Application
on	I-Application
demand	I-Application
rely	O
on	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
Host	O
device	O
being	O
an	O
OpenCable	O
Host	O
Device	O
and	O
have	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
physical	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
the	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
video	B-Application
on	I-Application
demand	I-Application
misleading	O
,	O
since	O
two	O
way	O
services	O
have	O
been	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
actual	O
cards	O
from	O
the	O
very	O
beginning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
physical	O
CableCARD	B-Application
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
host	O
device	O
is	O
a	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
type	O
II	O
that	O
handles	O
decryption	O
of	O
video	O
and	O
ensures	O
that	O
only	O
authorized	O
subscribers	O
may	O
view	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
conditional-access	B-Device
module	I-Device
"	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
physical	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
single-stream	O
"	O
CableCARD	B-Application
(	O
S-CARD	O
)	O
can	O
decode	O
a	O
single	O
channel	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S-CARD	O
specification	O
was	O
initially	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
Host-POD	O
Interface	O
(	O
SCTE	O
28	O
)	O
and	O
POD	O
Copy	O
Protection	O
System	O
(	O
SCTE	O
41	O
)	O
standards	O
(	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
CableCARD	B-Application
1.0	O
)	O
set	O
of	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
multi-Stream	O
"	O
CableCARD	B-Application
(	O
M-Card	O
)	O
can	O
decode	O
up	O
to	O
six	O
channels	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
actual	O
M-Cards	O
were	O
released	O
before	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
combined	O
and	O
enhanced	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
1.0	O
and	O
Multi-Stream	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-Cards	O
are	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
current	O
CableCARD	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
older	O
CableCARD	B-Application
devices	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
multiple	O
streams	O
,	O
the	O
card	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
single	O
stream	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CE	O
companies	O
have	O
long	O
wanted	O
M-Cards	O
for	O
their	O
CableCARD	B-Application
1.0	O
host	O
devices	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
devices	O
that	O
use	O
multiple	O
tuners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
Moxi	B-Device
and	O
TiVo	B-Application
CableCARD	B-Application
DVRs	O
,	O
televisions	O
with	O
picture-in-picture	O
and	O
CableCARD-equipped	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
which	O
need	O
to	O
record	O
one	O
show	O
while	O
a	O
user	O
is	O
watching	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
digital	B-Application
televisions	I-Application
and	O
other	O
devices	O
that	O
are	O
labeled	O
DCR	O
(	O
Digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
ready	I-Device
)	O
contain	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
specification	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
#1	O
-4	O
,	O
interactive	O
two-way	O
communications	O
;	O
however	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
exactly	O
when	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
hosts	O
and	O
compatible	O
servers	O
will	O
become	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Future	O
devices	O
which	O
support	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
labeled	O
iDCR	O
"	O
Interactive	B-Device
digital	I-Device
cable	I-Device
ready	I-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
other	O
requirements	O
,	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
hosts	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
OpenCable	B-Device
Application	I-Device
Platform	I-Device
(	O
OCAP	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Tru2way	O
,	O
to	O
run	O
programs	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
cable	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
conditional	B-Architecture
access	I-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
is	O
in	O
software	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
sent	O
with	O
the	O
video	O
as	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CableCARD	B-Application
Host	O
Licensing	O
Agreement	O
and	O
the	O
DCAS	O
agreement	O
restrict	O
the	O
technologies	O
that	O
CE	O
companies	O
may	O
use	O
for	O
distributing	O
video	O
from	O
host	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CE	O
companies	O
object	O
to	O
this	O
expanding	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
CableCARD	B-Application
network	O
security	O
issues	O
to	O
also	O
include	O
content	O
protection	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpenCable	B-Device
Application	I-Device
Platform	I-Device
(	O
OCAP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Java-based	O
platform	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
either	O
with	O
any	O
security	O
access	O
scheme	O
—	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
devices	O
or	O
future	O
downloadable	O
security	O
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OCAP	O
was	O
tied	O
to	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
because	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
imagined	O
by	O
CableLabs	O
,	O
the	O
additional	O
processing	O
necessary	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
cable	O
company	O
server	O
would	O
be	O
performed	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
cable	O
company	O
provided	O
equipment	O
(	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
)	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
device	O
—	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
"	O
Host	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CEA	O
perspective	O
is	O
that	O
Java	B-Language
is	O
not	O
efficient	O
for	O
CE	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
cable	O
companies	O
are	O
passing	O
to	O
CE	O
manufacturers	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
a	O
software	O
platform	O
which	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
need	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
wo	O
n't	O
run	O
on	O
their	O
existing	O
hardware	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
industry	O
proposed	O
in	O
November	O
2006	O
that	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
specification	O
be	O
upgraded	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
provision	O
for	O
modified	O
MCards	B-Application
that	O
would	O
support	O
the	O
communications	O
necessary	O
for	O
VOD	O
,	O
PPV	O
,	O
and	O
Switched	O
Video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
card	O
would	O
be	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
older	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
them	O
on	O
cable	O
company	O
servers	O
by	O
January	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
modified	O
MCards	B-Application
would	O
not	O
allow	O
two-way	O
communication	O
using	O
current	O
OCURs	B-Application
,	O
which	O
,	O
by	O
definition	O
,	O
are	O
unidirectional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
disadvantage	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
MCard	B-Application
will	O
be	O
slightly	O
more	O
expensive	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
host	O
will	O
not	O
necessarily	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
envisioned	O
ecommerce	O
and	O
banking	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cable	O
providers	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
are	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
FCC	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
that	O
use	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
are	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Hosts	O
"	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
certified	O
as	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
specification	O
by	O
CableLabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
test	O
tool	O
to	O
verify	O
compliance	O
of	O
OpenCable	O
hosts	O
with	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
one-way	O
single	O
stream	O
specifications	O
,	O
HPNX	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
SCM	O
and	O
Digital	O
Keystone	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
test	O
tool	O
to	O
verify	O
compliance	O
of	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
devices	O
with	O
the	O
OpenCable	O
specifications	O
,	O
Host	O
Emulator	O
Tool	O
,	O
and	O
produced	O
by	O
Margi	O
Systems	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
utilized	O
by	O
CableLabs	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
Scientific	O
Atlanta	O
(	O
Cisco	O
)	O
and	O
Motorola	O
POD	O
devices	O
in	O
2003	O
(	O
POD	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
CableCard	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cable	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
conforming	O
to	O
this	O
specification	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
correct	O
incompatibilities	O
between	O
their	O
networks	O
and	O
certified	O
CableCARD	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
CableCARD	B-Application
standard	O
was	O
borne	O
out	O
of	O
an	O
adversarial	O
process	O
between	O
two	O
main	O
groups	O
:	O
cable	O
companies	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Cable	O
&	O
Telecommunications	O
Association	O
(	O
NCTA	O
)	O
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
companies	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Association	O
(	O
CEA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
specs	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
agreed	O
upon	O
describe	O
how	O
one-way	O
services	O
work	O
,	O
so	O
only	O
the	O
portion	O
known	O
as	O
UDCP	O
(	O
Unidirectional	O
Digital	B-Device
Cable	I-Device
Product	O
)	O
was	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
FCC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
thing	O
required	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
devices	O
were	O
one-way	O
capable	O
;	O
however	O
all	O
the	O
actual	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
produced	O
were	O
two-way	O
capable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
enhancements	O
to	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
standard	O
including	O
the	O
optional	O
Multi-Stream	O
support	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
CableCARD	B-Application
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optical	B-Application
cable	I-Application
services	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Verizon	B-Protocol
Fios	I-Protocol
)	O
are	O
classified	O
as	O
cable	O
services	O
and	O
must	O
,	O
by	O
FCC	O
rules	O
,	O
also	O
support	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Canada	O
,	O
cable	O
providers	O
Cogeco	O
and	O
Shaw	O
offer	O
CableCARD-enabled	O
DVRs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
providers	O
in	O
Europe	O
must	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
DVB	B-Application
standard	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
open	O
standard	O
governed	O
by	O
independent	O
standards	O
bodies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CableCARDs	B-Application
can	O
also	O
support	O
non-television	O
functions	O
and	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
cable	B-Device
modem	I-Device
controller	O
with	O
the	O
host	O
providing	O
modulation	B-Application
and	O
demodulation	O
functions	O
and	O
the	O
card	O
providing	O
decoding	O
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
routing	B-Protocol
functionality	O
;	O
however	O
this	O
feature	O
is	O
rarely	O
used	O
and	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
cable	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
much	O
resistance	O
from	O
cable	O
operators	O
to	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
rollout	O
across	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
preferring	O
to	O
support	O
their	O
own	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resistance	O
softened	O
somewhat	O
with	O
the	O
July	O
2007	O
FCC	O
ban	O
on	O
integrated	O
security	O
in	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
all	O
new	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
to	O
use	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
as	O
their	O
decryption	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
June	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
top	O
10	O
"	O
incumbent	O
"	O
U.S.	O
cable	O
operators	O
had	O
deployed	O
more	O
than	O
14	O
million	O
operator-supplied	O
set-tops	O
with	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
and	O
437,800	O
CableCARD	B-Application
modules	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
retail	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
Cable	O
Television	O
Association	O
reported	O
in	O
April	O
2016	O
that	O
only	O
621,400	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
were	O
deployed	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
retail	O
devices	O
by	O
the	O
nine	O
largest	O
incumbent	O
cable	O
operators	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
55	O
million	O
operator-supplied	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
with	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
CableCARD	B-Application
failed	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
a	O
competitive	O
retail	O
market	O
for	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Outside	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
were	O
adopted	O
only	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
in	O
pair	O
with	O
Nagravision	B-Device
and	O
VideoGuard	B-Device
conditional	B-Architecture
access	I-Architecture
(	O
CA	O
)	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
U.S.	O
adoptions	O
of	O
CableCARD	B-Application
were	O
mostly	O
paired	O
with	O
Cisco	O
's	O
PowerKEY	O
(	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Scientific	O
Atlanta	O
)	O
and	O
Motorola	O
's	O
(	O
now	O
Arris	O
)	O
MediaCipher	O
CA	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
CableCARD	B-Application
,	O
AllVid	O
intended	O
to	O
enable	O
two-way	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
interactive	O
program	B-Device
guides	I-Device
,	O
pay-per-view	O
,	O
and	O
video	B-Application
on	I-Application
demand	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
still	O
many	O
in	O
the	O
cable	O
industry	O
who	O
are	O
advocating	O
that	O
physical	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
be	O
dropped	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
cable	O
companies	O
prefer	O
to	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
physical	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
proposed	O
that	O
a	O
downloadable	O
security	O
component	O
known	O
as	O
Downloadable	B-Device
Conditional	I-Device
Access	I-Device
System	I-Device
(	O
DCAS	O
)	O
be	O
used	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
CableCARD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
FCC	O
eliminated	O
CableCARD	B-Application
support	O
and	O
reporting	O
requirements	O
by	O
cable	O
operators	O
,	O
recognizing	O
that	O
cable	O
industry	O
deployment	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
CableCARDs	B-Application
have	O
been	O
“	O
disappointing	O
”	O
,	O
and	O
noting	O
that	O
competition	O
has	O
provided	O
other	O
options	O
for	O
consumer	O
flexibility	O
via	O
streaming	O
media	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
