<s>
CUPS	O
(	O
formerly	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Common	B-Application
UNIX	I-Application
Printing	I-Application
System	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
modular	O
printing	O
system	O
for	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
computer	B-General_Concept
operating	I-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
which	O
allows	O
a	O
computer	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
print	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
computer	O
running	O
CUPS	O
is	O
a	O
host	B-Application
that	O
can	O
accept	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
from	O
client	B-Protocol
computers	I-Protocol
,	O
process	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
appropriate	O
printer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
print	B-Device
spooler	I-Device
and	O
scheduler	O
,	O
a	O
filter	O
system	O
that	O
converts	O
the	O
print	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
format	O
that	O
the	O
printer	O
will	O
understand	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
backend	O
system	O
that	O
sends	O
this	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
print	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
uses	O
the	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Printing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IPP	B-Protocol
)	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
managing	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
and	O
queues	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
provides	O
the	O
traditional	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
for	O
the	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
and	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
print	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
print	O
system	O
's	O
Line	B-Protocol
Printer	I-Protocol
Daemon	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
limited	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Server	B-Operating_System
Message	I-Operating_System
Block	I-Operating_System
(	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
)	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
administrators	O
can	O
configure	O
the	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
which	O
CUPS	O
supplies	O
by	O
editing	O
text	O
files	O
in	O
Adobe	O
's	O
PostScript	B-Language
Printer	I-Language
Description	I-Language
(	O
PPD	O
)	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
provided	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
design	O
of	O
CUPS	O
used	O
the	O
Line	B-Protocol
Printer	I-Protocol
Daemon	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
LPD	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
but	O
due	O
to	O
limitations	O
in	O
LPD	B-Protocol
and	O
vendor	O
incompatibilities	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Printing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IPP	B-Protocol
)	O
was	O
chosen	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
was	O
initially	O
called	O
"	O
The	O
Common	B-Application
UNIX	I-Application
Printing	I-Application
System	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
was	O
quickly	O
adopted	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
printing	O
system	O
for	O
most	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
provides	O
a	O
mechanism	O
that	O
allows	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
printers	O
in	O
a	O
standard	O
fashion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
print	O
data	O
goes	O
to	O
a	O
scheduler	O
which	O
sends	O
jobs	O
to	O
a	O
filter	O
system	O
that	O
converts	O
the	O
print	B-General_Concept
job	I-General_Concept
into	O
a	O
format	O
the	O
printer	O
will	O
understand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
makes	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
PostScript	B-Language
and	O
rasterization	B-Algorithm
of	O
data	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
data	O
into	O
a	O
format	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
destination	O
printer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
offers	O
a	O
standard	O
and	O
modularised	O
printing	O
system	O
that	O
can	O
process	O
numerous	O
data	O
formats	O
on	O
the	O
print	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
the	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
and	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
printing	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
were	O
largely	O
incompatible	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
required	O
complicated	O
scripts	O
and	O
workarounds	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
data	O
format	O
to	O
a	O
printable	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
allows	O
printer	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
printer-driver	O
developers	O
to	O
more	O
easily	O
create	O
drivers	O
that	O
work	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
print	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Samba	B-Language
installed	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
address	O
printers	O
on	O
remote	O
Windows	B-Application
computers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
generic	O
PostScript	B-Language
drivers	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
printing	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CUPS	O
scheduler	O
implements	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Printing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IPP	B-Protocol
)	O
over	O
HTTP/1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
helper	O
application	O
(	O
cups-lpd	O
)	O
converts	O
Line	B-Protocol
Printer	I-Protocol
Daemon	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
LPD	B-Protocol
)	O
requests	O
to	O
IPP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scheduler	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
web-based	O
interface	O
for	O
managing	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
documentation	O
about	O
CUPS	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
authorization	O
module	O
controls	O
which	O
IPP	B-Protocol
and	O
HTTP	O
messages	O
can	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
IPP/HTTP	O
packets	O
are	O
authorized	O
they	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
client	B-Protocol
module	O
,	O
which	O
listens	O
for	O
and	O
processes	O
incoming	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
client	B-Protocol
module	O
is	O
also	O
responsible	O
for	O
executing	O
external	O
CGI	B-Language
programs	O
as	O
needed	O
to	O
support	O
web-based	O
printers	O
,	O
classes	O
,	O
and	O
job	O
status	O
monitoring	O
and	O
administration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
this	O
module	O
has	O
processed	O
its	O
requests	O
,	O
it	O
sends	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
IPP	B-Protocol
module	O
which	O
performs	O
Uniform	B-Protocol
Resource	I-Protocol
Identifier	I-Protocol
(	O
URI	B-Protocol
)	O
validation	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
client	B-Protocol
from	O
sidestepping	O
any	O
access	O
controls	O
or	O
authentication	O
on	O
the	O
HTTP	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
URI	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
text	O
string	O
that	O
indicates	O
a	O
name	O
or	O
address	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
an	O
abstract	O
or	O
physical	O
resource	O
on	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
jobs	O
module	O
manages	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
,	O
sending	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
filter	O
and	O
backend	O
processes	O
for	O
final	O
conversion	O
and	O
printing	O
,	O
and	O
monitoring	O
the	O
status	O
messages	O
from	O
those	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CUPS	O
scheduler	O
utilizes	O
a	O
configuration	O
module	O
,	O
which	O
parses	O
configuration	O
files	O
,	O
initializes	O
CUPS	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
starts	O
and	O
stops	O
the	O
CUPS	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
logging	B-Application
module	O
handles	O
the	O
logging	B-Application
of	O
scheduler	O
events	O
for	O
access	O
,	O
error	O
,	O
and	O
page	O
log	B-Application
files	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
module	O
handles	O
timeouts	O
and	O
dispatch	O
of	O
I/O	O
requests	O
for	O
client	B-Protocol
connections	O
,	O
watching	O
for	O
signals	B-Operating_System
,	O
handling	O
child	O
process	O
errors	O
and	O
exits	O
,	O
and	O
reloading	O
the	O
server	O
configuration	O
files	O
as	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
MIME	B-Protocol
module	O
,	O
which	O
handles	O
a	O
Multipurpose	B-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
Extensions	I-Protocol
(	O
MIME	B-Protocol
)	O
type	O
and	O
conversion	O
database	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
filtering	O
process	O
that	O
converts	O
print	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
format	O
suitable	O
for	O
a	O
print	O
device	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
PPD	O
module	O
that	O
handles	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
Postscript	B-Language
Printer	I-Language
Description	I-Language
(	O
PPD	O
)	O
files	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
can	O
process	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
data	O
formats	O
on	O
the	O
print	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
MIME	B-Application
types	I-Application
for	O
identifying	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
CUPS	O
system	O
has	O
assigned	O
the	O
print	B-General_Concept
job	I-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
scheduler	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
CUPS	O
filter	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
start-up	O
,	O
the	O
CUPS	O
daemon	O
loads	O
two	O
MIME	B-Protocol
databases	O
:	O
mime.types	O
that	O
defines	O
the	O
known	O
file	O
types	O
that	O
CUPS	O
can	O
accept	O
data	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
mime.convs	O
that	O
defines	O
the	O
programs	O
that	O
process	O
each	O
particular	O
MIME	B-Application
type	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mime.types	O
file	O
has	O
the	O
syntax	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
detect	O
an	O
HTML	B-Language
file	I-Language
,	O
the	O
following	O
entry	O
would	O
be	O
applicable	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
line	O
matches	O
the	O
file	O
contents	O
to	O
the	O
specified	O
MIME	B-Application
type	I-Application
by	O
determining	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
kilobyte	O
of	O
text	O
in	O
the	O
file	O
holds	O
printable	O
characters	O
and	O
that	O
those	O
characters	O
include	O
HTML	B-Language
markup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
pattern	O
above	O
matches	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
filter	O
system	O
would	O
mark	O
the	O
file	O
as	O
the	O
MIME	B-Application
type	I-Application
text/html	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mime.convs	O
file	O
has	O
the	O
syntax	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
field	O
designates	O
the	O
MIME	B-Application
type	I-Application
that	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
looking	O
up	O
the	O
mime.types	O
file	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
destination	O
field	O
lists	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
output	O
requested	O
and	O
determines	O
what	O
program	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
also	O
retrieved	O
from	O
mime.types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
determines	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
data	O
that	O
is	O
being	O
input	O
and	O
the	O
filter	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
MIME	B-Protocol
databases	O
;	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
image	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
detected	O
and	O
processed	O
through	O
a	O
particular	O
filter	O
,	O
and	O
HTML	B-Language
data	O
detected	O
and	O
processed	O
through	O
another	O
filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
can	O
convert	O
supplied	O
data	O
either	O
into	O
PostScript	B-Language
data	O
or	O
directly	O
into	O
raster	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
is	O
converted	O
into	O
PostScript	B-Language
data	O
an	O
additional	O
filter	O
is	O
applied	O
called	O
a	O
prefilter	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
the	O
PostScript	B-Language
data	O
through	O
another	O
PostScript	B-Language
converter	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
add	O
printer-specific	O
options	O
like	O
selecting	O
page	O
ranges	O
to	O
print	O
,	O
setting	O
n-up	O
mode	O
and	O
other	O
device-specific	O
things	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
pre-filtering	O
is	O
done	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
sent	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
CUPS	O
backend	O
if	O
using	O
a	O
PostScript	B-Language
printer	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
filter	O
like	O
Foomatic	B-Application
by	O
linuxprinting.org	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
passed	O
to	O
Ghostscript	B-Language
,	O
which	O
converts	O
the	O
PostScript	B-Language
into	O
an	O
intermediary	O
CUPS-raster	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intermediary	O
raster	B-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
is	O
then	O
passed	O
onto	O
a	O
final	O
filter	O
which	O
converts	O
the	O
raster	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
printer-specific	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
raster	O
to	O
Dymo	B-Protocol
(	O
another	O
printer	O
company	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPLIP	B-Application
(	O
previously	O
known	O
as	O
HP-IJS	O
)	O
provides	O
Linux+CUPS	O
drivers	O
for	O
HP	O
printers	O
,	O
Gutenprint	B-Application
(	O
previously	O
known	O
as	O
Gimp-Print	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
high-quality	O
printer	O
drivers	O
for	O
(	O
mostly	O
)	O
inkjet	O
printers	O
,	O
and	O
TurboPrint	B-Device
for	O
Linux	O
has	O
another	O
range	O
of	O
quality	O
printer	O
drivers	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
printers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
backends	O
available	O
for	O
CUPS	O
:	O
parallel	B-Device
,	O
serial	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
ports	O
,	O
cups-pdf	O
PDF	B-Application
Virtual	O
Printing	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
network	O
backends	O
that	O
operate	O
via	O
the	O
IPP	B-Protocol
,	O
JetDirect	O
(	O
AppSocket	O
)	O
,	O
Line	B-Protocol
Printer	I-Protocol
Daemon	I-Protocol
(	O
"	O
LPD	B-Protocol
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
protocols	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
mdns	O
backend	O
in	O
CUPS	O
1.4	O
provides	O
Bonjour	B-Application
(	O
DNS-SD	O
)	O
based	O
printer	O
discovery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
CUPS	O
1.6	O
,	O
Bonjour	B-Application
printer	O
discovery	O
and	O
sharing	O
using	O
Avahi	B-Language
is	O
also	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
provides	O
both	O
the	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
and	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
printing	O
commands	O
,	O
so	O
users	O
can	O
continue	O
with	O
traditional	O
commands	O
for	O
printing	O
via	O
CUPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
uses	O
port	B-Protocol
631	B-Protocol
(	O
TCP	O
and	O
UDP	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
IPP	B-Protocol
port	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
optionally	O
on	O
port	B-Protocol
515	O
by	O
inetd	B-Protocol
,	O
launchd	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Solaris	B-Application
Service	B-Operating_System
Management	I-Operating_System
Facility	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
xinetd	B-Operating_System
which	O
use	O
the	O
cups-lpd	O
helper	O
program	O
to	O
support	O
LPD	B-Protocol
printing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
CUPS	O
is	O
installed	O
the	O
lp	B-Operating_System
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
printing	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
command	O
and	O
the	O
lpr	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
printing	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
commands	O
are	O
installed	O
as	O
compatible	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
all	O
platforms	O
,	O
CUPS	O
has	O
a	O
web-based	O
administration	O
interface	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
port	B-Protocol
631	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
particularly	O
helps	O
organisations	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
monitor	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
and	O
add	O
print	B-General_Concept
queues	I-General_Concept
and	O
printers	O
remotely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUPS	O
1.2	O
and	O
later	O
provide	O
a	O
revamped	O
web	O
interface	O
which	O
features	O
improved	O
readability	O
and	O
design	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
automatically	O
discovered	O
printers	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
access	O
to	O
system	B-Application
logs	I-Application
and	O
advanced	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
GNOME	B-Application
starting	O
from	O
GNOME	B-Application
3	O
,	O
CUPS	O
printing	O
has	O
been	O
handled	O
in	O
the	O
Settings	O
application	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Core	O
Applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GUI	B-Application
can	O
add	O
CUPS	O
printers	O
and	O
manage	O
CUPS	O
printers	O
and	O
queues	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
GNOME	B-Application
3	O
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Print	O
Settings	O
(	O
formerly	O
called	O
CUPS	O
Manager	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
perform	O
these	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
's	O
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
GTK+	B-Application
included	O
integrated	O
printing	O
support	O
based	O
on	O
CUPS	O
in	O
its	O
version	O
2.10	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
KDEPrint	O
framework	O
for	O
KDE	B-Application
contains	O
various	O
GUI	B-Application
tools	O
that	O
act	O
as	O
CUPS	O
front	B-General_Concept
ends	I-General_Concept
and	O
allows	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
classes	O
,	O
print	B-General_Concept
queues	I-General_Concept
and	O
print	B-General_Concept
jobs	I-General_Concept
;	O
it	O
includes	O
a	O
printer	O
wizard	O
to	O
assist	O
with	O
adding	O
new	O
printers	O
amongst	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KDEPrint	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
KDE	B-Application
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
replaced	O
a	O
previous	O
version	O
of	O
printing	O
support	O
in	O
KDE	B-Application
,	O
qtcups	O
and	O
is	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
this	O
module	O
of	O
KDE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
kprinter	O
,	O
a	O
dialogue-box	O
program	O
,	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
tool	O
for	O
sending	O
jobs	O
to	O
the	O
print	O
device	O
;	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
started	O
from	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
KDEPrint	O
includes	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
pre-filter	O
any	O
jobs	O
before	O
they	O
are	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
CUPS	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
handle	O
jobs	O
all	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
converting	O
files	O
to	O
PDF	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
filters	O
are	O
described	O
by	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
Desktop/XML	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
10.5	O
,	O
printers	O
are	O
configured	O
in	O
the	O
Print	O
&	O
Fax	O
panel	O
in	O
System	B-Operating_System
Preferences	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
in	O
printer	O
proxy	O
applications	O
which	O
display	O
the	O
print	B-General_Concept
queues	I-General_Concept
and	O
allow	O
additional	O
configuration	O
after	O
printers	O
are	O
set	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
also	O
included	O
a	O
Printer	B-Operating_System
Setup	I-Operating_System
Utility	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
supplied	O
configuration	O
options	O
missing	O
from	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Print	O
&	O
Fax	O
preference	O
pane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PrinterSetup	O
system	O
can	O
manage	O
CUPS	O
queues	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
takes	O
the	O
approach	O
of	O
assigning	O
a	O
text	O
file	O
to	O
describe	O
each	O
print	B-General_Concept
queue	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	O
9	O
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
provided	O
an	O
integrated	O
print	O
manager	O
based	O
on	O
CUPS	O
and	O
integrated	O
into	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
adding	O
printers	O
via	O
a	O
user	O
interface	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
uses	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
new	O
printer	O
could	O
be	O
added	O
using	O
an	O
add	O
new	O
printer	O
wizard	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
changing	O
default	O
printer	O
properties	O
in	O
a	O
window	O
containing	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
installed	O
printers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
found	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
printer	O
queues	B-Device
not	O
obvious	O
because	O
users	O
create	O
queues	B-Device
on	O
their	O
local	O
computer	O
but	O
these	O
queues	B-Device
are	O
actually	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
CUPS	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
also	O
found	O
the	O
plethora	O
of	O
queue-type	O
options	O
confusing	O
as	O
he	O
could	O
choose	O
from	O
between	O
networked	O
CUPS	O
(	O
IPP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
networked	O
Unix	O
(	O
LPD	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
networked	O
Windows	B-Application
(	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
networked	O
Novell	O
(	O
NCP	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
networked	O
JetDirect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
meta-problem	O
here	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
configuration	O
wizard	O
does	O
all	O
the	O
approved	O
rituals	O
(	O
GUI	B-Application
with	O
standardized	O
clicky	O
buttons	O
,	O
help	O
popping	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
browser	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Easy	O
Software	O
Products	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
creators	O
of	O
CUPS	O
,	O
created	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
provided	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
printers	O
and	O
implemented	O
a	O
PostScript	B-Language
RIP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ESP	O
Print	O
Pro	O
ran	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	O
and	O
Linux	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
this	O
product	O
ended	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
