<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
(	O
"	O
cube-rid	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
SQL-based	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
RDBMS	B-Application
)	O
with	O
object	O
extensions	O
developed	O
by	O
CUBRID	B-Application
Corp	O
.	O
for	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
CUBRID	B-Application
is	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
words	O
cube	O
and	O
bridge	O
,	O
cube	O
standing	O
for	O
a	O
space	O
for	O
data	O
and	O
bridge	O
standing	O
for	O
data	O
bridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
has	O
a	O
separate	O
license	O
for	O
its	O
server	O
engine	O
and	O
its	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
server	O
engine	O
adopts	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
distribution	O
,	O
modification	O
,	O
and	O
acquisition	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
and	O
GUI	B-Application
tools	O
have	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
license	O
in	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
obligation	O
of	O
opening	O
derivative	O
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
of	O
adopting	O
two	O
separate	O
license	O
systems	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
complete	O
freedom	O
to	O
Independent	B-Application
software	I-Application
vendors	I-Application
(	O
ISV	O
)	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
distribute	O
CUBRID-based	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
feature	O
that	O
distinguishes	O
CUBRID	B-Application
database	O
from	O
other	O
relational	O
database	O
systems	O
is	O
its	O
3-tier	O
client-server	O
architecture	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
database	O
server	O
,	O
the	O
connection	O
broker	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database	O
server	O
is	O
the	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
CUBRID	B-Application
database	O
management	O
system	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
storage	O
operations	O
and	O
statement	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CUBRID	B-Application
database	O
server	O
instance	O
can	O
mount	O
and	O
use	O
a	O
single	O
database	O
,	O
making	O
inter-database	O
queries	O
impossible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CUBRID	B-Application
connection	O
broker	O
's	O
main	O
roles	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
caching	B-General_Concept
and	O
relaying	O
information	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
connection	O
broker	O
is	O
not	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
machine	O
as	O
the	O
database	O
server	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
can	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	O
resources	O
of	O
several	O
machines	O
while	O
processing	O
queries	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
can	O
use	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
APIs	B-Application
to	O
connect	O
to	O
a	O
CUBRID	B-Application
connection	O
broker	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
High	O
Availability	O
provides	O
load-balanced	O
,	O
fault-tolerant	O
and	O
continuous	O
service	O
availability	O
through	O
its	O
shared-nothing	O
clustering	O
,	O
automated	O
fail-over	O
and	O
manual	O
fail-back	O
mechanisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
's	O
3-tier	O
architecture	O
allows	O
native	O
support	O
for	O
High-Availability	O
with	O
two-level	O
auto	O
failover	O
:	O
the	O
broker	O
failover	O
and	O
server	O
failover	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
connecting	O
to	O
a	O
broker	O
via	O
a	O
client	O
API	B-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
specify	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
connection	O
URL	O
,	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
alternative	O
hosts	O
where	O
brokers	O
are	O
listening	O
for	O
incoming	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
hardware	O
,	O
network	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
or	O
software	O
failure	O
on	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
hosts	O
,	O
the	O
underlying	O
client	O
API	B-Application
automatically	O
fails	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
host	O
that	O
a	O
user	O
has	O
provided	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
slave	O
node	O
communicates	O
with	O
the	O
master	O
via	O
CUBRID	B-Application
Heartbeat	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
supports	O
online	O
,	O
offline	O
and	O
incremental	O
backup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Load	O
Balancing	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
client	O
API	B-Application
will	O
randomly	O
choose	O
a	O
host	O
among	O
those	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
connection	O
URL	O
except	O
the	O
one	O
which	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
last	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
query	B-Language
execution	I-Language
plan	I-Language
cache	B-General_Concept
is	O
implemented	O
on	O
the	O
broker	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
skip	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
compilation	O
steps	O
on	O
often	O
used	O
queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
queries	O
are	O
parametrized	O
during	O
parsing	O
,	O
two	O
queries	O
that	O
differ	O
only	O
by	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
literal	O
constants	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
cache	B-General_Concept
entry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
has	O
support	O
for	O
B+	O
-tree	O
indexes	O
,	O
both	O
single-column	O
and	O
multi-column	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
query	B-Language
optimizer	I-Language
can	O
use	O
indexes	O
to	O
produce	O
faster	O
execution	B-Language
plans	I-Language
using	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
supports	O
horizontal	O
partitioning	O
by	O
range	O
,	O
hash	O
and	O
value	O
lists	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
1024	O
partitions	O
per	O
table	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
9.0	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
implements	O
execution-time	O
partition	O
pruning	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
implements	O
a	O
large	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
ANSI	O
SQL:1999	B-Language
standard	O
,	O
extended	O
with	O
features	O
from	O
later	O
SQL	B-Language
standards	O
and	O
custom	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
provides	O
support	O
for	O
window	B-Language
functions	I-Language
as	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
SQL:2003	B-Language
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hierarchical	B-Language
queries	I-Language
using	O
the	O
non-standard	O
START	O
WITH	O
...	O
CONNECT	B-Language
BY	I-Language
Oracle	B-General_Concept
syntax	O
are	O
supported	O
in	O
CUBRID	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
optimizes	O
the	O
common	O
scenario	O
in	O
web	O
applications	O
where	O
database	O
fields	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
incremented	O
on	O
certain	O
events	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
usual	O
approach	O
of	O
using	O
a	O
SELECT/UPDATE	O
statement	O
combination	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
can	O
increment	O
fields	O
from	O
within	O
the	O
SELECT	O
statement	O
execution	O
,	O
bypassing	O
some	O
expensive	O
compiling	O
,	O
execution	O
and	O
locking	O
overhead	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
UPDATE	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
stored	B-General_Concept
procedure	I-General_Concept
language	O
supported	O
in	O
CUBRID	B-Application
is	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
requiring	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
to	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored	B-General_Concept
procedure	I-General_Concept
code	O
that	O
requires	O
database	O
access	O
must	O
use	O
the	O
JDBC	B-Language
driver	O
,	O
either	O
using	O
the	O
parent	O
transaction	O
or	O
issuing	O
a	O
new	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
LIKE	O
operator	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
provides	O
the	O
REGEXP	B-Language
operator	O
for	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
pattern	O
matching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
optional	O
alias	O
of	O
REGEXP	B-Language
is	O
RLIKE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
prior	O
version	O
of	O
CUBRID	B-Application
11	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
does	O
not	O
support	O
REGEXP	B-Language
on	O
Unicode	O
strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
CUBRID	B-Application
11	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
adds	O
the	O
following	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
functions	O
and	O
supports	O
them	O
on	O
Unicode	O
strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
data	O
types	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
CUBRID	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
values	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
is	O
available	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
most	O
distributions	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
32	O
-	O
and	O
64-bit	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
comes	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
command-line	O
interface	O
named	O
csql	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
execute	O
SQL	B-Language
statements	O
on	O
the	O
CUBRID	B-Application
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
's	O
csql	O
also	O
implements	O
some	O
internal	O
commands	O
related	O
to	O
schema	O
information	O
,	O
plan	O
generation	O
,	O
debugging	O
,	O
transaction	O
control	O
,	O
query	O
timing	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
language-specific	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
:	O
C	B-Language
driver	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
CCI	O
,	O
CUBRID	B-Application
's	O
native	O
driver	O
)	O
,	O
JDBC	B-Language
,	O
PHP/PDO	O
driver	O
,	O
ODBC	B-Application
,	O
OLEDB	B-Language
,	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
driver	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
driver	O
,	O
Node.js	B-Language
driver	O
and	O
Perl	B-Language
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
tools	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
CUBRID	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
Manager	O
is	O
a	O
query	O
browser	O
and	O
database	O
administration	O
tool	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
on	O
macOS	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
Admin	O
is	O
an	O
administration	O
tool	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
on	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CUBRID	B-Application
Migration	O
Toolkit	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
which	O
allows	O
data	O
migration	O
from	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
,	O
MS-SQL	O
,	O
MySQL	O
and	O
previous	O
versions	O
of	O
CUBRID	B-Application
databases	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
CUBRID	B-Application
database	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10.1	O
July	O
2017	O
Includes	O
useful	O
SQL	B-Language
extensions	O
:	O
CTE(Common Table Expressions )	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Includes	O
many	O
SQL	B-Language
extensions	O
and	O
functions/operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9.3	O
May	O
,	O
2014	O
New	O
SQL	B-Language
features	O
,	O
Support	O
schema	O
lock	O
,	O
support	O
various	O
SHOW	O
syntax	O
,	O
Performance	O
Improvement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9.2	O
September	O
,	O
2013	O
SQL	B-Language
profiling	O
,	O
New	O
SQL	B-Language
supports	O
,	O
Several	O
improvements	O
9.1	O
March	O
,	O
2013	O
New	O
SQL	B-Language
functions	I-Language
and	O
index	O
hint	O
,	O
Performance	O
improvements	O
and	O
optimizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9.0	O
October	O
,	O
2012	O
Internationalization	O
support	O
,	O
function	O
index	O
,	O
filter	O
index	O
,	O
index	O
skip	O
scan	O
,	O
MERGE	O
statement	O
,	O
window	B-Language
functions	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
8.4.3	O
November	O
20	O
,	O
2012	O
Database	B-General_Concept
sharding	I-General_Concept
,	O
API	B-Application
level	O
load	O
balancing	O
,	O
built-in	O
web	O
manager	O
with	O
monitoring	O
support	O
8.4.1	O
February	O
24	O
,	O
2012	O
February	O
1	O
,	O
2012	O
Important	O
performance	O
optimizations	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
extensions	O
,	O
REGEXP	B-Language
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
applications	O
and	O
websites	O
that	O
have	O
added	O
CUBRID	B-Application
support	O
or	O
are	O
powered	O
by	O
CUBRID	B-Application
:	O
</s>
