<s>
COVID-19	B-Application
apps	I-Application
include	O
mobile-software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
for	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact-tracing	I-Protocol
-	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Less	O
overtly	O
intrusive	O
alternatives	O
include	O
the	O
co-option	O
of	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
signals	O
to	O
log	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
proximity	O
to	O
other	O
cellphones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
technology	I-Protocol
has	O
form	O
in	O
tracking	O
cell-phones	O
'	O
locations	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
10	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
jointly	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
integrate	O
functionality	O
to	O
support	O
such	O
Bluetooth-based	O
apps	O
directly	O
into	O
their	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
India	O
's	O
COVID-19	O
tracking	O
app	O
Aarogya	B-Application
Setu	I-Application
became	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	O
growing	O
application	O
-	O
beating	O
Pokémon	B-Application
Go	I-Application
-	O
with	O
50	O
million	O
users	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
13	O
days	O
of	O
its	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
,	O
especially	O
if	O
widely	O
deployed	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
effective	O
than	O
traditional	O
methods	O
of	O
contact	O
tracing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
proponents	O
advocate	O
for	O
legislation	O
exempting	O
certain	O
COVID-19	B-Application
apps	I-Application
from	O
general	O
privacy	O
restrictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Singapore	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
person	O
in	O
three	O
downloaded	O
the	O
TraceTogether	B-Application
app	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
despite	O
legal	O
requirements	O
for	O
most	O
workers	O
;	O
the	O
app	O
was	O
also	O
underused	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
required	O
users	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
app	O
open	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
team	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Oxford	O
simulated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
on	O
a	O
city	O
of	O
1	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Addressing	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
misleading	O
or	O
harmful	O
apps	O
,	O
Apple	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Amazon	O
set	O
limits	O
on	O
which	O
types	O
of	O
organizations	O
could	O
add	O
coronavirus-related	O
apps	O
to	O
its	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
limiting	O
them	O
to	O
only	O
"	O
official	O
"	O
or	O
otherwise	O
reputable	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advent	O
of	O
COVID-19	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
apps	I-Application
has	O
led	O
to	O
concerns	O
around	O
privacy	O
,	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
app	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
governmental	O
authority	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Convention	O
on	O
Human	O
Rights	O
,	O
the	O
International	O
Covenant	O
on	O
Civil	O
and	O
Political	O
Rights	O
(	O
ICCPR	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Nations	O
and	O
the	O
Siracusa	O
Principles	O
have	O
outlined	O
4	O
principles	O
to	O
consider	O
when	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
ethical	O
principles	O
of	O
mass	O
surveillance	O
with	O
COVID-19	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
apps	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Potential	O
benefits	O
of	O
contact-tracing	O
apps	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
include	O
allowing	O
for	O
blanket	O
population-level	O
quarantine	B-Application
measures	O
to	O
be	O
lifted	O
sooner	O
and	O
the	O
minimization	O
of	O
people	O
under	O
quarantine	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
some	O
contend	O
that	O
contact-tracing	O
apps	O
are	O
justified	O
as	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
less	O
intrusive	O
than	O
blanket	O
quarantine	B-Application
measures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Proportionality	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
concept	O
that	O
a	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
's	O
potential	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
rights	O
should	O
be	O
justifiable	O
by	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
health	O
risks	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
addressed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
service	I-Application
intends	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
persistent	O
surveillance	O
by	O
removing	O
the	O
tracing	O
mechanism	O
from	O
their	O
device	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
once	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vladimir	O
Putin	O
signed	O
laws	O
introducing	O
criminal	O
penalties	O
,	O
including	O
up	O
to	O
seven	O
years	O
imprisonment	O
,	O
for	O
quarantine	B-Application
violations	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
others	O
being	O
infected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2020	O
,	O
Human	O
Rights	O
Watch	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
authorities	O
in	O
Moscow	O
wrongly	O
fined	O
hundreds	O
of	O
Moscovites	O
for	O
breaching	O
self-quarantine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
apps	I-Application
were	O
deployed	O
rapidly	O
by	O
governments	O
and	O
other	O
initiatives	O
in	O
spring	O
and	O
summer	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
ZDNet	O
,	O
Bluetooth-based	O
proximity	O
detection	O
carries	O
a	O
risk	O
of	O
over-reporting	O
interactions	O
and	O
leading	O
to	O
"	O
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
false	O
positives	O
"	O
;	O
hypothetically	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
could	O
flag	O
an	O
interaction	O
with	O
"	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
person	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
bus	O
on	O
the	O
(	O
opposite	O
)	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
problem	O
is	O
that	O
using	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
signal	O
strength	O
to	O
infer	O
distance	O
can	O
be	O
unreliable	O
;	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
device	O
can	O
vary	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
environment	O
or	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
device	O
is	O
held	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Google/Apple	O
mechanism	O
,	O
a	O
log	O
entry	O
is	O
only	O
added	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
if	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
proximity	O
persists	O
for	O
five	O
minutes	O
(	O
or	O
possibly	O
longer	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
app	O
configuration	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
tracking	O
is	O
prone	O
to	O
false	O
negatives	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
unlike	O
time-stamped	O
GPS	O
matching	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
cannot	O
detect	O
that	O
a	O
user	O
has	O
entered	O
a	O
possibly-infected	O
space	O
that	O
an	O
infected	O
person	O
has	O
just	O
left	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
using	O
this	O
information	O
to	O
alert	O
potential	O
contacts	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
also	O
made	O
the	O
location	O
information	O
publicly	O
available	O
,	O
something	O
permitted	O
because	O
of	O
far-reaching	O
changes	O
to	O
information	O
privacy	O
laws	O
after	O
the	O
MERS	B-Application
outbreak	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
17	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
The	O
protocol	O
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
developed	O
,	O
the	O
CEN	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
later	O
renamed	O
the	O
TCN	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
20	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
organization	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
an	O
anonymous	O
,	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
protocol	O
,	O
publishing	O
their	O
white	O
paper	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
CEN	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
was	O
presented	O
at	O
Stanford	O
HAI	O
's	O
COVID-19	O
and	O
AI	O
virtual	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
1	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
European	O
researchers	O
,	O
including	O
from	O
the	O
Fraunhofer	O
Heinrich	O
Hertz	O
Institute	O
and	O
École	O
Polytechnique	O
Fédérale	O
de	O
Lausanne	O
(	O
EPFL	O
)	O
,	O
were	O
under	O
the	O
umbrella	O
of	O
the	O
Pan-European	B-Protocol
Privacy-Preserving	I-Protocol
Proximity	I-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
(	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
)	O
project	O
,	O
developing	O
a	O
BLE-based	O
app	O
to	O
serve	O
this	O
purpose	O
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
intrusive	O
surveillance	O
by	O
the	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
co-ordination	O
effort	O
which	O
contains	O
both	O
centralised	O
and	O
decentralised	O
approaches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
7	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
dozen	O
expert	O
groups	O
were	O
working	O
on	O
privacy-friendly	O
solutions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
using	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
Low	I-General_Concept
Energy	I-General_Concept
(	O
BLE	O
)	O
to	O
log	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
proximity	O
to	O
other	O
cellphones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
9	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Singaporean	O
government	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
open-sourced	O
a	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
protocol	O
,	O
used	O
by	O
TraceTogether	B-Application
,	O
its	O
official	O
government	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
17	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
EPFL	O
and	O
the	O
ETH	O
Zurich	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
,	O
criticizing	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
for	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
transparency	O
and	O
openness	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
not	O
respecting	O
personal	O
privacy	O
enough	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
26	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
Germany	O
switched	O
to	O
decentralised	O
approach	O
to	O
support	O
solutions	O
like	O
DP-3T	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Decentralised	O
protocols	O
include	O
Decentralized	B-Protocol
Privacy-Preserving	I-Protocol
Proximity	I-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
(	O
DP-PPT/DP	O
-3T	O
)	O
,	O
The	O
Coalition	O
Network	O
's	O
Whisper	B-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
global	O
TCN	B-Protocol
Coalition	O
's	O
TCN	B-Protocol
(	O
"	O
Temporary	B-Protocol
Contact	I-Protocol
Numbers	I-Protocol
"	O
)	O
Protocol	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
MIT	O
Media	O
Lab	O
's	O
SafePaths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mobile	B-Application
Application	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Big	O
Data	O
and	O
the	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
components	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
any	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
COCOVID	O
app	O
is	O
Open	B-License
Source	I-License
and	O
the	O
backend	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
highly	O
scalable	O
solution	O
that	O
is	O
already	O
used	O
by	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
financial	O
institutions	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
COCOVID	O
will	O
use	O
both	O
location	O
and	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
contact	O
data	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
effectiveness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
10	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
,	O
the	O
companies	O
that	O
control	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
mobile	O
platforms	O
,	O
announced	O
an	O
initiative	O
for	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
stated	O
would	O
preserve	O
privacy	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
Low	I-General_Concept
Energy	I-General_Concept
technology	O
and	O
privacy-preserving	O
cryptography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Apple	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
rolled	O
out	O
in	O
three	O
stages	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
plan	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
take-up	O
and	O
persistent	O
surveillance	O
problems	O
by	O
first	O
distributing	O
the	O
system	O
through	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
updates	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
removing	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
once	O
the	O
threat	O
has	O
passed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ACLU	O
stated	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
and	O
Apple	O
's	O
approach	O
"	O
appears	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
worst	O
privacy	O
and	O
centralization	O
risks	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
room	O
for	O
improvement	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
20	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
described	O
the	O
systems	O
as	O
"	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
"	O
rather	O
than	O
"	O
contact	O
tracing	O
"	O
,	O
stating	O
the	O
system	O
should	O
be	O
"	O
in	O
service	O
of	O
broader	O
contact	O
tracing	O
efforts	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
change	O
was	O
received	O
positively	O
by	O
journalists	O
in	O
Vox/Recode	O
and	O
Salon	O
,	O
who	O
stated	O
"	O
Exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
schemes	O
like	O
the	O
Apple-Google	O
system	O
are	O
n't	O
true	O
contact	O
tracing	O
systems	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
allow	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
to	O
identify	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
infected	O
individuals.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Centralized	O
/	O
Decentralized	B-Operating_System
Author/promoter	O
Licence	O
Homepage	O
Ref	O
ViraTrace	O
Biohazard	O
Containment	O
Tools	O
Partially-Centralized	O
w/	O
SGX	O
backend	O
ViraTrace	O
,	O
LLC	O
(	O
Wayne	O
Thornton	O
,	O
Andrei	O
Taranu	O
,	O
Ivan	O
Bestvina	O
,	O
Anjana	O
Pai	O
)	O
Restricted	O
Public	O
Source	O
License	O
(	O
ViraTrace	O
Public	O
Source	O
License	O
1.0.1	O
)	O
https://www.viratrace.org/https://github.com/ViraTrace/	O
Pan-European	B-Protocol
Privacy-Preserving	I-Protocol
Proximity	I-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
(	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
)	O
project	O
partially-centralized	O
Fraunhofer	O
Institute	O
for	O
Telecommunications	O
,	O
Robert	O
Koch	O
Institute	O
,	O
Technical	O
University	O
of	O
Berlin	O
,	O
TU	O
Dresden	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Erfurt	O
,	O
Vodafone	O
Germany	O
multiple	O
protocols	O
,	O
closed	O
source	O
,	O
private	O
specifications	O
,	O
MPL	O
https://www.pepp-pt.org/	O
https://github.com/pepp-pt/pepp-pt-documentation	O
https://nadim.computer/res/pdf/PEPP-PT_NTK_High_Level_Overview.pdf	O
Coalition	O
NetworkCoalition	O
Foundation	O
,	O
Nodle	O
,	O
French	O
Institute	O
for	O
Research	O
in	O
Computer	O
Science	O
and	O
Automation	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
CaliforniaGPL	O
3https://www.coalitionnetwork.org/	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
decentralized	B-Operating_System
Google	B-Application
,	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
public	O
specification	O
https://www.apple.com/covid19/contacttracing	O
Decentralized	B-Protocol
Privacy-Preserving	I-Protocol
Proximity	I-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
(	O
DP-3T	B-Protocol
)	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
EPFL	O
,	O
ETHZ	O
,	O
KU	O
Leuven	O
,	O
TU	O
Delft	O
,	O
University	O
College	O
London	O
,	O
CISPA	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Oxford	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Torino	O
/	O
ISI	O
Foundation	O
publicly	O
developed	O
Apache	O
2.0	O
reference	O
implementation	O
,	O
MPL	B-License
2.0	I-License
iOS/Android	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
Mobile	O
Contact	O
Tracing	O
(	O
PACT	O
)	O
/	O
CovidSafe	B-Application
Microsoft	O
volunteers	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
public	O
specification	O
,	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
code	O
https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03544	O
https://github.com/covidsafe	O
PACT	O
:	O
Private	O
Automated	O
Contact	O
Tracing	O
MIT	O
Computer	O
Science	O
and	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
Laboratory	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
General	O
Hospital	O
,	O
MIT	O
Lincoln	O
Laboratory	O
,	O
MIT	O
Media	O
Lab	O
,	O
Boston	O
University	O
,	O
Weizmann	O
Institute	O
of	O
Science	O
,	O
Brown	O
University	O
public	O
specification	O
,	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
code	O
https://pact.mit.edu	O
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
/	O
TCN	B-Protocol
Coalition	O
/	O
TCN	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
decentralized	B-Operating_System
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
,	O
CoEpi	O
,	O
ITO	O
,	O
Commons	O
Project	O
,	O
Zcash	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
,	O
Openmined	O
,	O
Coalition	O
Network	O
public	O
developed	O
specification	O
,	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
code	O
https://tcn-coalition.org	O
https://github.com/TCNCoalition/TCN	O
OpenCovidTrace	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
Nebula	O
Ventures	O
,	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
,	O
Quantstellation	O
,	O
MLM	O
Holdings	O
,	O
Evocativideas	O
,	O
1Checkin	O
public	O
developed	O
specification	O
,	O
LGPL	B-Application
iOS/Android	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
COVIDSafe	B-Application
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
app	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
Australian	O
Government	O
on	O
14	O
April	O
2020	O
to	O
help	O
combat	O
the	O
ongoing	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
protocol	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Singaporean	O
Government	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
on	O
26	O
April	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stopp	O
Corona	O
is	O
the	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
published	O
by	O
the	O
Austrian	O
red	O
cross	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
supported	O
both	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
IOS	B-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
24	O
April	O
2020	O
as	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
e-Tabib	O
is	O
an	O
official	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
informational	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
,	O
prepared	O
by	O
Force	O
Task	O
under	O
the	O
Cabinet	O
of	O
Ministers	O
of	O
Azerbaijan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BeAware	O
Bahrain	O
is	O
the	O
official	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
The	O
Information	O
&	O
eGovernment	O
Authority	O
(	O
iGA	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
the	O
National	O
Taskforce	O
for	O
Combating	O
the	O
Coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID-19	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
uses	O
location	O
data	O
of	O
citizens	O
to	O
alert	O
individuals	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
they	O
approach	O
an	O
active	O
case	O
or	O
a	O
location	O
an	O
active	O
case	O
has	O
visited	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
track	O
the	O
movement	O
of	O
quarantine	B-Application
cases	O
for	O
a	O
duration	O
of	O
14	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Health	O
workers	O
are	O
notified	O
when	O
quarantine	B-Application
cases	O
exit	O
their	O
pre-set	O
area	O
by	O
15	O
meters	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
the	O
team	O
will	O
respond	O
by	O
reminding	O
individuals	O
of	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
following	O
procedures	O
to	O
safeguard	O
the	O
well-being	O
of	O
citizens	O
and	O
residents.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
's	O
Republic	O
of	O
Bangladesh	O
Government	O
announced	O
&	O
launched	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
named	O
Corona	O
Tracer	O
BD	O
in	O
May	O
2020	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
31	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Canadian	O
federal	O
government	O
launched	O
their	O
voluntary	O
,	O
"	O
private	O
,	O
and	O
anonymous	O
"	O
COVID-19	O
exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
app	O
,	O
called	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
which	O
was	O
developed	O
along	O
with	O
Shopify	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
as	O
technology	O
partners	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
both	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
federal	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
app	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
and	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
user	O
names	O
,	O
health	O
information	O
,	O
addresses	O
,	O
smartphone	O
contacts	O
,	O
or	O
GPS	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
uses	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
technology	I-Protocol
to	O
check	O
and	O
share	O
a	O
random	O
list	O
of	O
codes	O
from	O
any	O
nearby	O
smartphones	O
held	O
by	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
tested	O
positive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Alberta	O
government	O
had	O
launched	O
their	O
own	O
app	O
in	O
May	O
and	O
in	O
October	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
delay	O
in	O
signing	O
on	O
to	O
the	O
federal	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
app	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
ensure	O
all	O
the	O
existing	O
247,000	O
ABTraceTogether	O
app	O
accounts	O
could	O
be	O
"	O
transitioned	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
federal	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Chinese	O
government	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Alipay	O
and	O
WeChat	B-Application
,	O
has	O
deployed	O
an	O
app	O
that	O
allows	O
citizens	O
to	O
check	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
people	O
that	O
have	O
COVID-19	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CoronApp	O
is	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
–	O
and	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
Huawei	O
AppGallery	O
–	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Colombian	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stop	O
COVID-19	O
is	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
an	O
agency	O
of	O
the	O
Croatian	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
local	O
IT	O
community	O
,	O
released	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
will	O
be	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
app	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
the	O
Elderly	O
,	O
the	O
Danish	O
Agency	O
for	O
Patient	O
Safety	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Board	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
the	O
Danish	O
Serum	O
Institute	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Board	O
of	O
Digitization	O
and	O
Netcompany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
uses	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
technology	I-Protocol
to	O
alert	O
the	O
user	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
within	O
one	O
meter	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
fifteen	O
minutes	O
of	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
tested	O
positive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Available	O
on	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
store	O
and	O
Apple	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Fijian	O
government	O
launched	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
which	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
careFIJI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
uses	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
Low	I-General_Concept
Energy	I-General_Concept
Technology	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
protocol	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Singaporean	O
Government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Finnish	O
app	O
Koronavilkku	B-Application
launched	O
on	O
31	O
August	O
2020	O
with	O
Finnish	O
and	O
Swedish	O
localizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
StopCovid	O
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
app	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
bluetooth	B-Protocol
tracing	O
protocol	O
developed	O
specially	O
for	O
the	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
TousAntiCovid	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
app	O
called	O
"	O
Corona-Warn-App	B-Application
"	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
on	O
16	O
June	O
2020	O
and	O
presented	O
in	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
jointly	O
by	O
Deutsche	O
Telekom	O
and	O
SAP	B-Application
with	O
scientific	O
advice	O
from	O
the	O
federal	O
Robert	O
Koch	O
Institute	O
and	O
uses	O
the	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
APIs	I-Application
from	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Covid	O
Checker	O
powered	O
by	O
Docandu	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
widget	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
governmental	O
websites	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
patt.gov.gr	O
while	O
few	O
weeks	O
later	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
an	O
app	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Playstore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
launched	O
"	O
GH	O
COVID-19	O
Tracker	O
App	O
"	O
,	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
IOS	B-Application
app	I-Application
equipped	O
with	O
location	O
tracking	O
technology	O
to	O
provide	O
detailed	O
information	O
about	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
event	O
,	O
location	O
,	O
country	O
or	O
other	O
defined	O
locations	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
provide	O
accurate	O
information	O
to	O
health	O
authorities	O
overtime	O
to	O
know	O
who	O
to	O
screen	O
and	O
provide	O
needed	O
assistance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
app	O
was	O
awaiting	O
approval	O
by	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
Store	O
and	O
the	O
Apple	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
launched	O
LeaveHomeSafe	B-Application
on	O
16	O
November	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VírusRadar	O
,	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
,	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
13	O
May	O
and	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
version	O
on	O
30	O
May	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
uses	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
technology	I-Protocol
to	O
track	O
unique	O
,	O
random	O
application	O
IDs	O
within	O
a	O
proximity	O
of	O
2	O
meters	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
minutes	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
14	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
developer	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
integrating	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
's	O
API	B-Application
is	O
currently	O
under	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rakning	O
C-19	O
route	O
tracking	O
is	O
a	O
GPS	O
logger	O
app	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
content	O
from	O
the	O
national	O
COVID-19	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Aarogya	B-Application
Setu	I-Application
app	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Informatics	O
Centre	O
that	O
comes	O
under	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Electronics	O
and	O
Information	O
Technology	O
,	O
Government	O
of	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
for	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
for	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
COVID	B-Application
Tracker	I-Application
app	O
was	O
launched	O
by	O
the	O
Irish	O
government	O
on	O
7	O
July	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
March	O
2020	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
launched	O
"	O
HaMagen	O
"	O
(המגן,	O
 "	O
the	O
shield	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hamagen	O
tracks	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
whereabouts	O
using	O
standard	O
location	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
then	O
compares	O
them	O
to	O
known	O
movements	O
of	O
those	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
COVID-19	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
check	O
if	O
their	O
paths	O
crossed	O
within	O
the	O
previous	O
14	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
June	O
2020	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
launched	O
the	O
Italian	O
Government	O
's	O
exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
solution	O
,	O
"	O
Immuni	B-Application
"	O
,	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
build	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Google/Apple	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Presidency	O
of	O
the	O
Council	O
of	O
Ministers	O
by	O
Bending	O
Spoons	O
S.p.A.	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
GNU	B-Application
Affero	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
version	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
13.5	I-Operating_System
or	O
above	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
6	I-Application
or	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jersey	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
is	O
the	O
official	O
contact	O
tracing	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Jersey	O
that	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
14	O
October	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
App	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
21	O
May	O
2020	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
consortium	O
of	O
IT	O
companies	O
and	O
volunteers	O
launched	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
proximity	O
tracing	O
Apturi	O
Covid	O
application	O
on	O
29	O
May	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
launched	O
MySejahtera	B-Application
on	O
16	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
tracing	O
app	O
that	O
released	O
alongside	O
MyTrace	O
and	O
Gerak	O
Malaysia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MySejahtera	B-Application
is	O
a	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
introduced	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Security	O
Council	O
and	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
on	O
16	O
April	O
2020	O
to	O
retrieve	O
updated	O
information	O
and	O
statistics	O
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MyTrace	O
is	O
a	O
tracing	O
app	O
that	O
utilizes	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
to	O
detect	O
how	O
long	O
a	O
user	O
smartphone	O
are	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
with	O
other	O
smartphone	O
users	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
app	O
installed	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Health	O
Ministry	O
launched	O
the	O
NZ	B-Application
COVID	I-Application
Tracer	I-Application
on	O
20	O
May	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
users	O
reported	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
App	O
on	O
19	O
May	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NZ	B-Application
COVID	I-Application
Tracer	I-Application
allows	O
users	O
to	O
scan	O
their	O
own	O
QR	O
codes	O
at	O
businesses	O
,	O
public	O
buildings	O
and	O
other	O
organisations	O
to	O
track	O
where	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
for	O
contract	O
tracing	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
System	I-Application
was	O
added	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bluetooth-based	O
app	O
traces	O
exposure	O
with	O
potentially	O
infected	O
persons	O
and	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
help	O
healthcare	O
authorities	O
provide	O
a	O
fast	O
response	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Smittestopp	O
app	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Norwegian	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
and	O
GPS	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Staysafe	B-Application
is	O
the	O
official	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Philippines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stayaway	O
COVID	O
is	O
the	O
official	O
contact	O
tracing	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Portugal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Cabinet	O
decision	O
,	O
which	O
came	O
into	O
effect	O
on	O
22	O
May	O
,	O
requires	O
citizens	O
and	O
residents	O
to	O
mandatorily	O
install	O
and	O
activate	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
on	O
their	O
smartphones	O
when	O
leaving	O
the	O
house	O
for	O
any	O
reason	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tabaud	O
is	O
the	O
official	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Web	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Health	O
Information	O
Center	O
(	O
NHIC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
track	O
and	O
trace	O
via	O
Apple/Google	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Protect	O
Scotland	O
is	O
the	O
official	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
Scotland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
app	O
called	O
TraceTogether	B-Application
is	O
being	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
a	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
protocol	O
called	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
,	O
developed	O
with	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
reference	O
implementation	O
called	O
OpenTrace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
COVID	B-Application
AlertSA	I-Application
is	O
a	O
digital	B-Protocol
contact	I-Protocol
tracing	I-Protocol
app	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
Government	O
of	O
South	O
Africa	O
on	O
8	O
August	O
2020	O
to	O
help	O
combat	O
the	O
ongoing	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
app	O
called	O
Radar	O
COVID	O
has	O
been	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Economic	O
Affairs	O
and	O
Digital	O
Transformation	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
for	O
a	O
pilot	O
test	O
in	O
La	O
Gomera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
DP-3T	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
uses	O
the	O
Apple/Google	O
API	B-Application
for	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
rolled	O
out	O
to	O
further	O
Spanish	O
regions	O
in	O
September	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citizens	O
can	O
access	O
the	O
web	O
based	O
platform	O
and	O
associated	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
via	O
SI-PASS	O
,	O
a	O
secure	O
authorization	O
software	O
developed	O
for	O
public	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
application	I-Application
for	O
protecting	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
lives	O
,	O
#OstaniZdrav	O
(	O
#StayHealthy	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
informs	O
you	O
if	O
you	O
have	O
been	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
an	O
infected	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
app	O
called	O
SwissCovid	B-Application
which	O
uses	O
the	O
DP-3T	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
is	O
built	O
top	O
of	O
Apple/Google	O
bluetooth	B-Protocol
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
is	O
licensed	O
under	O
Mozilla	B-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
2.0	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taiwan	O
AILabs	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
on	O
12	O
March	O
2021	O
released	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
Social	O
Distancing	O
app	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HES	O
codes	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
contact	O
or	O
became	O
ill	O
were	O
processed	O
as	O
"	O
sick	O
"	O
and	O
kept	O
in	O
quarantine	B-Application
for	O
14	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NHS	B-Application
COVID-19	I-Application
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
England	O
and	O
Wales	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
24	O
September	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NHS	O
app	O
uses	O
Google/Apple	O
exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scotland	O
and	O
Northern	O
Ireland	O
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
apps	I-Application
were	O
launched	O
in	O
the	O
weeks	O
prior	O
to	O
England	O
&	O
Wales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
aid	O
contract	O
tracing	O
,	O
the	O
NHS	B-Application
COVID-19	I-Application
contact	B-Application
tracing	I-Application
app	I-Application
for	O
England	O
and	O
Wales	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
scan	O
official	O
NHS	O
QR	O
code	O
posters	O
at	O
businesses	O
,	O
venues	O
and	O
transport	O
hubs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
18	O
June	O
,	O
following	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
app	O
was	O
only	O
detecting	O
75%	O
of	O
contacts	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
and	O
4%	O
of	O
contacts	O
on	O
iPhones	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
government	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
cease	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
its	O
centralized	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
move	O
to	O
a	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
system	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Apple/Google	B-Application
Exposure	I-Application
Notification	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Australia	O
and	O
New	O
Zealand	O
are	O
considering	O
apps	O
based	O
on	O
Singapore	O
's	O
TraceTogether	B-Application
app	O
and	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
protocol	O
as	O
of	O
April	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
countries	O
have	O
announced	O
the	O
official	O
development	O
,	O
trial	O
or	O
adoption	O
of	O
decentralized	B-Operating_System
proximity	O
tracing	O
systems	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
matching	O
of	O
proximity	O
encounters	O
happens	O
locally	B-Device
on	O
individuals	O
 '	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Decentralized	B-Protocol
Privacy-Preserving	I-Protocol
Proximity	I-Protocol
Tracing	I-Protocol
(	O
DP-3T	B-Protocol
)	O
protocol	O
or	O
the	O
Google-Apple	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
Austria	O
,	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
,	O
Estonia	O
,	O
Latvia	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
Finland	O
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
Ireland	O
and	O
Denmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
10	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
three	O
states	O
,	O
Alabama	O
,	O
South	O
Carolina	O
,	O
and	O
North	O
Dakota	O
,	O
have	O
committed	O
to	O
using	O
the	O
Google-Apple	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
API	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
state	O
of	O
Arizona	O
began	O
testing	O
the	O
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
app	O
developed	O
with	O
the	O
Apple/Google	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIT	O
Technology	O
Review	O
also	O
maintained	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
spreadsheet	O
listing	O
of	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
exposure	B-Application
notification	I-Application
apps	O
that	O
are	O
being	O
used	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ministry	O
of	O
Telecommunications	O
and	O
Information	O
Technology	O
COVID-19	O
AO	O
self	O
diagnostic	O
,	O
information	O
and	O
quarantine	B-Application
enforcement	O
Web	O
Ravelino	O
de	O
Castro	O
Proprietary	O
https://covid19ao.com/	O
CUIDARtracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Health	O
of	O
the	O
Argentine	O
Republicin	O
useQR	O
codehttps://www.argentina.gob.ar/aplicaciones/coronavirusArMed	O
eHealthcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidSYLEX	O
SA	O
National	O
Centralized	O
eHealth	O
System	O
of	O
Armeniain	O
usehttps://www.gov.am/en/covid-travel-restrictions/COVID	O
-19	O
ArmeniainformationiOS	O
,	O
AndroidOffice	O
of	O
the	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
of	O
Armeniain	O
usehttps://apps.apple.com/am/app/covid-19-armenia/id1505830061	O
Coronavirus	B-Application
Australia	I-Application
information	O
,	O
isolation	O
registration	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
discontinued	O
)	O
Delv	O
Pty	O
Ltd	O
/	O
Australian	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
Discontinued	O
as	O
of	O
26	O
August	O
2022	O
Proprietary	O
,	O
source	O
code	O
released	O
health.gov.au	O
27/04	O
,	O
1.89	O
million	O
;	O
26/04	O
:	O
1	O
million	O
COVIDSafe	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
discontinued	O
)	O
Australian	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
Discontinued	O
as	O
of	O
16	O
August	O
2022	O
Proprietary	O
,	O
source	O
code	O
released	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
covidsafe.gov.au	O
07/05	O
,	O
4	O
million	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
medical	O
reporting	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Federal	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Austrian	O
Federal	O
Government	O
in	O
use	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
Systemhttps://www.austria.info/en/service-and-facts/coronavirus-information/app	O
e-TabibinformationiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Communications	O
and	O
High	O
Technologies	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
AppStore	B-Application
PlayStoreKhmer	O
VaccVaccination	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
https://cambodia-vaccine.gov.kh/login	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Shopify	O
,	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
,	O
Canadian	O
Government	O
in	O
use	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
http://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/covid-alert.html	O
ABTraceTogethercontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidAlberta	O
Governmentin	O
use	O
https://www.alberta.ca/ab-trace-together.aspxTeamSenseCovid	O
screening	O
app	O
for	O
employees	O
pre-shift	O
symptom	O
screening	O
,	O
reporting	O
and	O
compliance	O
dashboardWebTeamSenseIn	O
UseProprietaryhttps://www.teamsense.comCoronApp	O
-	O
ChileinformationiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Housing	O
and	O
Urbanism	O
of	O
Chilein	O
usehttps://www.minvu.gob.cl/coronapp/	O
"	O
Health	B-Application
Code	I-Application
"	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
integrated	O
into	O
Alipay	O
and	O
WeChat	B-Application
apps	O
Proprietary	O
CoronApp	O
-	O
ColombiainformationiOS	O
,	O
AndroidNational	O
Institute	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
INS	O
)	O
in	O
usehttps://coronaviruscolombia.gov.co/Covid19/aislamiento-saludable/coronapp.html	O
eRouška	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Czech	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Hygiene	O
in	O
use	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
erouska.cz	O
CovTracercontact	O
tracing	O
and	O
warningiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Ministry	O
of	O
Research	O
,	O
Innovation	O
and	O
Digitalin	O
useBluetoothhttps://covtracer.dmrid.gov.cy/dmrid/covtracer/covtracer.nsf/covtracer04_en/covtracer04_en	O
?	O
OpenDocument	O
smitte|stop	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
Denmark	O
)	O
in	O
use	O
Proprietary	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
smittestop.dk	O
ASI	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Ministry	O
of	O
Telecommunications	O
and	O
Information	O
Society	O
(	O
Ecuador	O
)	O
in	O
use	O
MPL	B-License
2.0	I-License
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
asiecuador.com	O
CovidECinformationAndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Telecommunications	O
and	O
the	O
Information	O
Societyin	O
usehttps://www.gobiernoelectronico.gob.ec/como-instalar-app-covidec/Egypt	O
Health	O
Passport	O
appinformationiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinister	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Populationannounced	O
on	O
31	O
JulyQR	O
codehttps://egyptindependent.com/health-ministry-to-launch-health-passport-for-travel/Sehet	O
Misrcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinister	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Populationin	O
useGPShttps://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/367263/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts	O
-health-ministry-launches-coronavirus-mobile.aspx	O
careFIJI	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Government	O
of	O
Fiji	B-Language
in	O
use	O
Open	B-License
Source	I-License
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
carefiji.digitalfiji.gov.fj	O
Koronavilkku	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Ministry	O
of	O
Social	O
Affairs	O
and	O
Health	O
,	O
THL	O
,	O
Solita	O
,	O
Kela	O
,	O
SoteDigi	O
Released	O
on	O
31	O
August	O
2020	O
European	O
Union	O
Public	O
License	O
1.2	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
koronavilkku.fi	O
05/11	O
:	O
2.5M	O
,	O
representing	O
45%	O
of	O
population	O
TousAntiCovid	B-Application
(	O
formerly	O
"	O
StopCovid	O
"	O
)	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Government	O
of	O
France	O
/	O
INRIA	O
,	O
ANNSI	O
,	O
Cap	O
Gemini	O
,	O
Dassault	O
Systèmes	O
,	O
INSERM	O
,	O
Lunabee	O
studio	O
,	O
Orange	O
,	O
Santé	O
publique	O
France	O
,	O
Withings	B-Application
,	O
Coalition	O
Network	O
in	O
use	O
since	O
2	O
June	O
2020	O
MPL-2.0	B-License
and	O
ad	O
hoc	O
ROBERT	O
ROBERT	O
(	O
ROBust	O
and	O
privacy-presERving	O
proximity	O
Tracing	O
protocol	O
)	O
contact	O
tracing	O
unknown	O
INRIA	O
PEPP-PT	B-Protocol
,	O
CheckYourMask	O
Checking	O
the	O
correct	O
mask	O
wearing	O
by	O
selfie	O
Android	B-Application
Université	O
de	O
Haute-Alsace	O
,	O
Normandie	O
Univ.	O
,	O
Lille	O
Univ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Core	O
:	O
MPL	O
2.0Exposure	O
Notifications	O
Systemhttps://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/cocoa_00138.html	O
25/08	O
:	O
14,790,000	O
Jersey	O
COVID	B-Application
Alert	I-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Digital	O
Jersey	O
Released	O
Apache-2.0	O
License	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
System	I-Application
AMAN	O
(	O
"	O
Safety	O
"	O
)	O
Exposure	O
Detection	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Jordan	O
's	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
Released	O
GPShttps://www.amanapp.jo/en	O
600,000	O
Ashyqcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
WebMinistry	O
of	O
Healthin	O
useQR	O
codehttps://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/prilozhenie	O
-ashyqShlonikcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
https://tracing.covid19.govt.nz/	O
1,940,080	O
registered	O
users	O
StopKorona	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
https://apps.apple.com/ve/app/peru-en-tus-manos/id1506397362	O
SafePass	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
employee	O
management	O
,	O
business	O
capacity	O
management	O
Web	O
authors	O
:	O
Talino	O
Venture	O
,	O
Amihansupporters	O
:	O
Department	O
of	O
Tourism	O
,	O
Department	O
of	O
Trade	O
and	O
Industry	O
,	O
IATF-EID	O
in	O
use	O
Proprietary	O
https://www.safepass.asia/about	O
StaySafe	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
self	O
diagnostic	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Web	O
author	O
:	O
Multisys	O
Technologies	O
Corporationsupporters	O
:	O
Department	O
of	O
the	O
Interior	O
and	O
Local	O
Government	O
,	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
IATF-EID	O
in	O
use	O
Proprietary	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
https://www.staysafe.ph/	O
ProteGO	O
Safe	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
medical	O
reporting	O
,	O
information	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
authors	O
:	O
Jakub	O
Lipinski	O
,	O
Karol	O
Kostrzewa	O
,	O
Dariusz	O
Aniszewski	O
;	O
supporter	O
:	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Digital	O
Affairs	O
of	O
Poland	O
in	O
use	O
GNU	B-License
GPLv3	I-License
+	O
GNU	B-Application
AGPLv3	I-Application
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
STAYAWAY	O
COVID	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
INESC	O
TEC	O
/	O
ISPUP	O
/	O
Keyruptive	O
/	O
Ubirider	O
in	O
use	O
European	O
Union	O
Public	O
License	O
1.2	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notification	I-Application
System	I-Application
EHTERAZcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
https://contacttracer.ru/app	O
TawakkalnaContact	O
TracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidSaudi	O
Data	O
and	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
Authority	O
(	O
SDAIA	O
)	O
in	O
useBluetoothhttps://ta.sdaia.gov.sa/en/index	O
Corona	O
Map	O
Self	O
Diagnostic	O
Information	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Web	O
National	O
Health	O
Information	O
Center	O
in	O
use	O
https://coronamap.sa/	O
Apple	O
Store	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Tabaud	O
-	O
تباعدContact	O
TracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidSaudi	O
Data	O
and	O
Artificial	O
Intelligence	O
Authority	O
(	O
SDAIA	O
)	O
in	O
useExposure	O
Notifications	O
SystemApp	O
Store	O
TraceTogether	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Government	O
Digital	O
Services	O
agency	O
of	O
Government	O
Technology	O
Agency	O
of	O
Singapore	O
in	O
use	O
GNU	B-License
GPLv3	I-License
compatible	O
with	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
OpenTrace	O
/	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
framework	O
BlueTrace	B-Protocol
https://www.tracetogether.gov.sg/	O
2	O
million	O
(	O
4	O
Jan	O
2021	O
)	O
Excludes	O
users	O
who	O
use	O
both	O
the	O
physical	O
token	O
and	O
the	O
app	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
physical	O
token	O
exclusively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Android	B-Application
NHS	B-Application
COVID-19	I-Application
multipurpose	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Zühlke	O
Engineering	O
for	O
NHSX	O
In	O
use	O
;	O
released	O
on	O
24	O
September	O
for	O
users	O
in	O
England	O
and	O
Wales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
covid19.nhs.uk	O
10	O
million+	O
Protect	O
Scotland	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
NearForm	O
for	O
NHS	O
Scotland	O
Test	O
and	O
Protect	O
In	O
use	O
;	O
released	O
on	O
10	O
September	O
for	O
users	O
in	O
Scotland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0Exposure	O
Notifications	O
Systemprotect.scot	O
1,080,699	O
(	O
20	O
September	O
)	O
StopCOVID	O
NI	O
multipurpose	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
NearForm	O
In	O
use	O
;	O
released	O
on	O
30	O
July	O
for	O
users	O
in	O
N	O
.	O
Ireland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
nidirect.gov.uk	O
250,000	O
(	O
14	O
August	O
)	O
COVID	B-Application
Symptom	I-Application
Study	I-Application
,	O
formerly	O
Covid	B-Application
Symptom	I-Application
Tracker	I-Application
self-diagnostic	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
King	O
's	O
College	O
London	O
,	O
Guy	O
's	O
and	O
St	O
Thomas	O
 '	O
Hospitals	O
,	O
Zoe	B-Application
Global	I-Application
Limited	I-Application
https://covid.joinzoe.com/	O
May	O
4	O
,	O
3	O
million	O
COVID-19	O
Screening	O
Tool	O
self-diagnostic	O
Web	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
/	O
CDC	O
CovidSafe	B-Application
self-diagnostic	O
,	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Microsoft	O
volunteers	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Washington	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
PACT	O
https://covidsafe.cs.washington.edu/	O
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
exposure	O
alerts	O
/	O
anonymous	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Covid	B-Application
Watch	I-Application
piloting	O
Apache	O
2.0	O
Exposure	B-Application
Notifications	I-Application
System	I-Application
https://www.covidwatch.org/	O
coEpi	O
self-reporting	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
coEpi	O
TCN	B-Protocol
https://www.coepi.org	O
How	O
We	O
Feel	O
self-diagnostic	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
Pinterest	B-Application
and	O
others	O
NOVIDcontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidExpii	O
,	O
CMUTCNhttps://www.novid.org/PreworkscreenEmployee	O
pre-shift	O
screening	O
,	O
reporting	O
,	O
and	O
documentingiOS	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
WebPreworkscreenReleased	O
on	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
Play	O
StoreProprietaryhttps://preworkscreen.com/	O
Private	O
Kit	O
:	O
Safe	O
Paths	O
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
MIT	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
safepaths.mit.edu	O
PathCheck	B-Application
contact	O
tracing	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
MIT	O
MIT	B-License
License	I-License
pathcheck.org	O
TeamSense	O
Covid	O
screening	O
app	O
for	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pre-shift	O
symptom	O
screening	O
,	O
reporting	O
and	O
compliance	O
dashboard	O
Web	O
TeamSense	O
In	O
Use	O
Proprietary	O
https://www.teamsense.com	O
ProjectCovid	O
self	O
diagnostic	O
,	O
information	O
,	O
HIPAA	O
Compliant	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
LFR	O
International	O
Released	O
QuikLAB™	O
medical	O
reporting	O
,	O
test	O
tracking	O
,	O
HIPAA	O
compliant	O
,	O
lab	O
patient	O
log-in	O
and	O
reporting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
web	O
https://tptmedtech.com/	O
in-use	O
Proprietary	O
QuikPASS™	O
COVID-19	O
check	O
and	O
verify	O
passport	O
,	O
HIPAA	O
compliant	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
web	O
https://tptmedtech.com/	O
in-use	O
Proprietary	O
We-Care	O
anonymous	O
contact	O
tracing	O
web	O
https://we-care.world/	O
in-use	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Davis	O
Self-Safetycontact	O
tracingiOS	O
,	O
AndroidMinistry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
</s>
