<s>
CORAL	B-Language
,	O
short	O
for	O
Computer	O
On-line	O
Real-time	B-General_Concept
Applications	I-General_Concept
Language	O
is	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
originally	O
developed	O
in	O
1964	O
at	O
the	O
Royal	O
Radar	O
Establishment	O
(	O
RRE	O
)	O
,	O
Malvern	O
,	O
Worcestershire	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
influenced	O
primarily	O
by	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
thus	O
ALGOL	B-Language
,	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
either	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
widely-known	O
version	O
,	O
CORAL	B-Language
66	I-Language
,	O
was	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
by	O
I	O
.	O
F	O
.	O
Currie	O
and	O
M	O
.	O
Griffiths	O
under	O
the	O
auspices	O
of	O
the	O
Inter-Establishment	O
Committee	O
for	O
Computer	O
Applications	O
(	O
IECCA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1971	O
,	O
CORAL	B-Language
was	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Defence	O
as	O
the	O
language	O
for	O
future	O
military	O
applications	O
and	O
to	O
support	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
standardization	O
program	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
ensure	O
CORAL	B-Language
compilers	B-Language
met	O
the	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
process	O
was	O
later	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
while	O
defining	O
Ada	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
is	O
a	O
general-purpose	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
based	O
on	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
,	O
with	O
some	O
features	O
from	O
Coral	B-Language
64	I-Language
,	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Fortran	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
structured	B-Language
record	O
types	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
Pascal	B-Application
)	O
and	O
supports	O
the	O
packing	O
of	O
data	O
into	O
limited	O
storage	O
(	O
also	O
as	O
in	O
Pascal	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
Edinburgh	O
IMP	O
it	O
allows	O
inline	B-Language
(	O
embedded	O
)	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
and	O
also	O
offers	O
good	O
runtime	B-Library
checking	O
and	O
diagnostics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
applications	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
computers	O
with	O
limited	O
processing	O
power	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
limited	O
to	O
fixed-point	O
arithmetic	O
and	O
those	O
without	O
support	O
for	O
dynamic	O
storage	O
allocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
software	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
Ferranti	O
and	O
General	B-Device
Electric	I-Device
Company	I-Device
(	O
GEC	O
)	O
computers	O
from	O
1971	O
onwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Implementations	O
also	O
exist	O
for	O
the	O
Interdata	O
8/32	O
,	O
PDP-11	B-Device
,	O
VAX	B-Device
and	O
Alpha	B-Device
platforms	O
and	O
HPE	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
Servers	I-General_Concept
;	O
for	O
the	O
Honeywell	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
Computer	O
Technology	O
Limited	O
(	O
CTL	O
,	O
later	O
ITL	O
)	O
Modular-1	O
;	O
and	O
for	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
running	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Intel	O
running	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
message	O
read	O
"	O
This	O
message	O
to	O
all	O
ARPANET	O
users	O
announces	O
the	O
availability	O
on	O
ARPANET	O
of	O
the	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
compiler	B-Language
provided	O
by	O
the	O
GEC	B-Device
4080	I-Device
computer	O
at	O
the	O
Royal	O
Signals	O
and	O
Radar	O
Establishment	O
,	O
Malvern	O
,	O
England	O
,	O
...	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
is	O
the	O
standard	O
real-time	O
high	O
level	O
language	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Defence.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Coral	B-Language
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
real-time	O
work	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
general	O
office	O
data	O
processing	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
standardised	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
stdio	B-Language
library	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
IECCA	O
recommended	O
a	O
primitive	O
input/output	B-General_Concept
(	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
)	O
package	O
to	O
accompany	O
any	O
compiler	B-Language
(	O
in	O
a	O
document	O
titled	O
Input/Output	B-General_Concept
of	O
Character	O
data	O
in	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
Utility	O
Programs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
implementers	O
avoided	O
this	O
by	O
producing	O
Coral	B-Language
interfaces	O
to	O
extant	O
Fortran	B-Application
and	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
C	B-Language
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CORAL	B-Language
's	O
most	O
significant	O
contribution	O
to	O
computing	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
enforcing	O
quality	O
control	O
in	O
commercial	O
compilers	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
have	O
a	O
CORAL	B-Language
compiler	B-Language
approved	O
by	O
IECCA	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
allowing	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
to	O
be	O
marketed	O
as	O
a	O
CORAL	B-Language
66	I-Language
compiler	B-Language
,	O
the	O
candidate	O
compiler	B-Language
had	O
to	O
compile	B-Language
and	O
execute	O
a	O
standard	O
suite	O
of	O
25	O
test	O
programs	O
and	O
6	O
benchmark	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
methodology	O
was	O
observed	O
and	O
adapted	O
later	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
for	O
the	O
certification	O
of	O
Ada	B-Language
compilers	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
compiler	B-Language
(	O
written	O
in	O
BCPL	B-Language
)	O
has	O
been	O
recovered	O
and	O
the	O
Official	O
Definition	O
of	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
document	O
by	O
Her	O
Majesty	O
's	O
Stationery	O
Office	O
(	O
HMSO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
scanned	O
;	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Defence	O
patent	O
office	O
has	O
issued	O
a	O
licence	O
to	O
the	O
Edinburgh	O
Computer	O
History	O
project	O
to	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
put	O
both	O
the	O
code	O
and	O
the	O
language	O
reference	O
online	O
for	O
non-commercial	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variant	O
of	O
Coral	B-Language
66	I-Language
named	O
PO-CORAL	O
was	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
to	O
early	O
1980s	O
by	O
the	O
British	O
General	O
Post	O
Office	O
(	O
GPO	O
)	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
GEC	O
,	O
STC	O
and	O
Plessey	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
the	O
System	O
X	O
digital	O
telephone	O
exchange	O
control	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
BT-CORAL	O
when	O
British	O
Telecom	O
was	O
spun	O
off	O
from	O
the	O
Post	O
Office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unique	O
features	O
of	O
this	O
language	O
were	O
the	O
focus	O
on	O
real-time	O
execution	O
,	O
message	O
processing	O
,	O
limits	O
on	O
statement	O
execution	O
between	O
waiting	O
for	O
input	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
prohibition	O
on	O
recursion	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
stack	B-Application
.	O
</s>
