<s>
CODASYL	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Conference/Committee	O
on	O
Data	O
Systems	O
Languages	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
consortium	B-Application
formed	O
in	O
1959	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
standard	O
programming	O
language	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
many	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
effort	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
the	O
CODASYL	B-Language
Data	O
Model	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
technical	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CODASYL	B-Language
's	O
members	O
were	O
individuals	O
from	O
industry	B-General_Concept
and	O
government	O
involved	O
in	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
activity	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
larger	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
promote	O
more	O
effective	O
data	O
systems	O
analysis	O
,	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
implementation	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
CODASYL	B-Language
is	O
remembered	O
almost	O
entirely	O
for	O
two	O
activities	O
:	O
its	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
COBOL	B-Application
language	I-Application
and	O
its	O
activities	O
in	O
standardizing	O
database	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
worked	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
other	O
topics	O
,	O
including	O
end-user	B-Application
form	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
control	O
languages	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
projects	O
had	O
little	O
lasting	O
impact	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remainder	O
of	O
this	O
section	O
is	O
concerned	O
with	O
CODASYL	B-Language
's	O
database	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1965	O
CODASYL	B-Language
formed	O
a	O
List	B-Language
Processing	I-Language
Task	I-Language
Force	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
group	O
was	O
chartered	O
to	O
develop	O
COBOL	B-Application
language	I-Application
extensions	O
for	O
processing	O
collections	O
of	O
records	O
;	O
the	O
name	O
arose	O
because	O
Charles	O
Bachman	O
's	O
IDS	B-Application
system	O
(	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
main	O
technical	O
input	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
)	O
managed	O
relationships	O
between	O
records	O
using	O
chains	O
of	O
pointers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1967	O
the	O
group	O
renamed	O
itself	O
the	O
Data	B-Language
Base	I-Language
Task	I-Language
Group	I-Language
(	O
DBTG	B-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
first	O
report	O
in	O
January	O
1968	O
was	O
entitled	O
COBOL	B-Application
extensions	O
to	O
handle	O
data	O
bases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1969	O
the	O
DBTG	B-Language
published	O
its	O
first	O
language	O
specifications	O
for	O
the	O
network	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
which	O
became	O
generally	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
CODASYL	B-Language
Data	O
Model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
in	O
fact	O
defined	O
several	O
separate	O
languages	O
:	O
a	O
data	B-Language
definition	I-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DDL	O
)	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
of	O
the	O
database	O
,	O
another	O
DDL	O
to	O
create	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
subschemas	O
defining	O
application	O
views	O
of	O
the	O
database	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
data	B-Language
manipulation	I-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DML	O
)	O
defining	O
verbs	O
for	O
embedding	O
in	O
the	O
COBOL	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
to	O
request	O
and	O
update	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
work	O
was	O
focused	O
on	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
host-language	O
independent	O
database	O
was	O
starting	O
to	O
emerge	O
,	O
prompted	O
by	O
IBM	O
's	O
advocacy	O
of	O
PL/I	B-Language
as	O
a	O
COBOL	B-Application
replacement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1971	O
,	O
largely	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
programming	O
language	O
independence	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
was	O
reorganized	O
:	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Data	B-Language
Description	I-Language
Language	I-Language
was	O
continued	O
by	O
the	O
Data	B-Language
Description	I-Language
Language	I-Language
Committee	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
COBOL	B-Application
DML	O
was	O
taken	O
over	O
by	O
the	O
COBOL	B-Application
language	I-Application
committee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
vendors	O
implemented	O
database	O
products	O
conforming	O
(	O
roughly	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
DBTG	B-Language
specifications	O
:	O
the	O
best-known	O
implementations	O
were	O
Honeywell	O
's	O
originally	O
General	O
Electric	O
's	O
Integrated	B-Application
Data	I-Application
Store	I-Application
(	O
IDS/2	O
)	O
,	O
HP	O
's	O
IMAGE	B-Application
,	O
Cullinet	O
's	O
Integrated	O
Database	O
Management	O
System	O
IDMS	B-Application
,	O
ICL	O
's	O
2900	O
IDMS	B-Application
(	O
derived	O
from	O
Cullinet	O
's	O
product	O
)	O
,	O
Univac	O
's	O
DMS-1100	O
,	O
and	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
's	O
DBMS	O
for	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
(	O
later	O
known	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
Codasyl	B-Language
DBMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cullinet	O
was	O
eventually	O
sold	O
to	O
Computer	O
Associates	O
,	O
which	O
as	O
of	O
2007	O
still	O
sells	O
and	O
supports	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
IDMS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANSI	O
and	O
ISO	O
adopted	O
the	O
CODASYL	B-Language
database	O
specifications	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Network	B-General_Concept
Database	I-General_Concept
Language	O
(	O
NDL	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
work	O
taking	O
place	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
working	O
group	O
(	O
X3H2	O
)	O
as	O
SQL	B-Language
standardization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
CODASYL	B-Language
committees	O
continue	O
their	O
work	O
today	O
,	O
but	O
CODASYL	B-Language
itself	O
no	O
longer	O
exists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
records	O
of	O
CODASYL	B-Language
were	O
donated	O
to	O
the	O
Charles	O
Babbage	O
Institute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interest	O
in	O
CODASYL	B-Language
gradually	O
faded	O
due	O
to	O
growing	O
interest	O
in	O
relational	B-Application
databases	I-Application
beginning	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
