<s>
DOS	B-Device
Protected	B-Application
Mode	I-Application
Services	O
(	O
DPMS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
extended	B-Device
DOS	I-Device
memory	O
management	O
services	O
to	O
allow	O
DPMS-enabled	O
DOS	B-Device
drivers	O
to	O
load	O
and	O
execute	O
in	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
being	O
a	O
DOS	B-Device
extender	I-Device
by	O
itself	O
,	O
DPMS	O
is	O
a	O
minimal	O
set	O
of	O
extended	B-Device
DOS	I-Device
memory	O
management	O
services	O
to	O
allow	O
slightly	O
modified	O
DOS	B-Device
resident	O
system	B-Operating_System
extensions	O
(	O
RSX	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
device	B-Device
drivers	O
or	O
terminate-and-stay-resident	O
programs	O
(	O
TSRs	O
)	O
(	O
as	O
so	O
called	O
DPMS	O
clients	O
)	O
to	O
relocate	O
themselves	O
into	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
run	O
in	O
16-bit	O
or	O
32-bit	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
while	O
leaving	O
only	O
a	O
tiny	O
stub	O
in	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
as	O
an	O
interface	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
conventional	O
DOS	B-Device
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
executing	O
the	O
driver	O
in	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
freeing	O
up	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
,	O
DPMS	O
not	O
only	O
allows	O
very	O
large	O
drivers	O
to	O
load	O
and	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
memory	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
leave	O
more	O
memory	O
available	O
for	O
normal	O
DOS	B-Device
drivers	O
to	O
load	O
or	O
non-extended	O
DOS	B-Device
applications	O
to	O
execute	O
within	O
the	O
space	O
constraints	O
of	O
the	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
also	O
help	O
increase	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
free	O
system	B-Operating_System
resources	O
under	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Providing	O
unified	O
interfaces	O
for	O
the	O
software	O
to	O
allocate	O
and	O
use	O
memory	O
in	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
without	O
having	O
to	O
tunnel	O
all	O
requests	O
through	O
real	O
mode	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
DPMS	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
can	O
help	O
improve	O
system	B-Operating_System
performance	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
any	O
DOS	B-Device
and	O
can	O
coexist	O
with	O
memory	O
managers	O
and	O
DOS	B-Device
extenders	I-Device
such	O
as	O
DPMI	O
,	O
VCPI	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DPMS	O
API	O
is	O
reentrant	B-Operating_System
and	O
compatible	O
with	O
multitaskers	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
multitasker	O
orDESQview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
providing	O
a	O
built-in	O
DPMS	O
VxD-driver	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
compatible	O
with	O
Windows	O
3.x	O
and	O
Windows	O
9x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DPMS	O
server	O
must	O
be	O
loaded	O
after	O
the	O
memory	O
managers	O
(	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
drivers	O
using	O
it	O
)	O
,	O
either	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
DPMSXXX0	O
"	O
device	B-Device
driver	O
per	O
DEVICE	B-Device
statement	O
in	O
CONFIG.SYS	B-Device
(	O
preferred	O
method	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
later	O
as	O
a	O
TSR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
debug	B-Device
purposes	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
WDEB386.EXE	O
)	O
,	O
SDK-versions	O
of	O
EMM386.EXE	B-Device
3.00	O
can	O
alternatively	O
provide	O
DPMS	O
services	O
via	O
through	O
a	O
built-in	O
DPMS.SYS	O
module	O
,	O
then	O
running	O
at	O
ring	O
1	O
instead	O
of	O
ring	O
0	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
stand-alone	O
version	O
of	O
DPMS.EXE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
circumstances	O
the	O
server	O
will	O
occupy	O
between	O
about	O
700	O
to	O
1400bytes	O
of	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
by	O
itself	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
loaded	O
into	O
UMBs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DPMS	O
server	O
will	O
require	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
286	B-General_Concept
machine	O
to	O
run	O
,	O
but	O
since	O
DPMS-enabled	O
software	O
can	O
be	O
designed	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
continues	O
to	O
execute	O
in	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
if	O
DPMS	O
services	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
software	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
give	O
up	O
compatibility	O
with	O
systems	O
not	O
providing	O
DPMS	O
services	O
,	O
either	O
because	O
DPMS	O
is	O
not	O
loaded	O
or	O
not	O
available	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
on	O
pre-286	O
processors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
386	B-General_Concept
CPUs	O
(	O
and	O
higher	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
DPMS	O
server	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
provide	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
16-bit	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
32-bit	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPMS	O
will	O
allocate	O
memory	O
either	O
through	O
VCPI	O
or	O
XMS	B-Device
,	O
depending	O
on	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
memory	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VCPI	O
will	O
typically	O
call	O
down	O
to	O
XMS	B-Device
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
versions	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
maximum	O
amount	O
of	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
to	O
be	O
allocated	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
basically	O
three	O
revisions	O
of	O
the	O
DPMS	O
specification	O
,	O
DPMS	O
beta	O
,	O
DPMS	O
1.0	O
(	O
original	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
7	O
shipment	O
)	O
and	O
DPMS	O
1.1	O
(	O
since	O
March	O
1994	O
update	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPMS	O
saw	O
its	O
debut	O
in	O
beta	O
versions	O
of	O
DR	O
DOS	B-Device
"	O
Panther	O
"	O
in	O
October	O
1992	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
besides	O
others	O
,	O
came	O
with	O
DPMS-enabled	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Super	O
PC-Kwik	O
disk	O
cache	O
,	O
Addstor	O
's	O
SuperStor	O
disk	O
compression	O
,	O
and	O
DEBUG	B-Device
as	O
"	O
stealth	O
"	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
system	B-Operating_System
debugger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
DPMS	O
was	O
already	O
called	O
"	O
DOS	B-Device
Protected	B-Application
Mode	I-Application
Services	O
"	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
DPMS.EXE/DPMS.SYS	O
0.10	O
driver	O
would	O
still	O
display	O
"	O
DOS	B-Device
Protected	B-Application
Mode	I-Application
Server	O
"	O
startup	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
services	O
CS	O
in	O
PalmDOS	B-Operating_System
were	O
DPMS-enabled	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
retail	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
Novell	O
DOS7	O
and	O
Personal	O
NetWare1.0	O
in	O
December	O
1993	O
also	O
came	O
with	O
many	O
DPMS-enabled	O
drivers	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
file	O
deletion	O
tracking	O
component	O
DELWATCH2.00	O
,	O
the	O
adaptive	O
disk	O
cache	O
NWCACHE1.00	O
,	O
NWCDEX1.00	O
,	O
a	O
CD-ROM	O
redirector	B-Operating_System
extension	O
,	O
the	O
peer-to-peer	O
networking	O
server	O
SERVER1.20	O
,	O
and	O
STACKER3.12	O
,	O
the	O
disk	O
compression	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPMS	O
was	O
also	O
provided	O
by	O
Caldera	O
OpenDOS7.01	O
,	O
DR-DOS7.02	O
and	O
7.03	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
some	O
releases	O
,	O
added	O
DPMS-enabled	O
issues	O
of	O
DRFAT32	O
(	O
a	O
FAT32	B-Application
redirector	B-Operating_System
extension	O
)	O
,	O
LONGNAME	O
(	O
VFAT	B-Application
long	O
filename	O
support	O
)	O
and	O
VDISK	B-Application
(	O
virtual	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC-Kwik	O
Corporation	O
's	O
Super	O
PC-Kwik	O
6.xx	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
and	O
their	O
Power	O
Pak	O
4.0	O
for	O
Windows	O
also	O
included	O
the	O
DPMS-enabled	O
disk	O
cache	O
SUPERPCK	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
third-party	O
DOS	B-Device
driver	O
suites	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Eicon	O
Diva	O
or	O
High	O
Soft	O
Tech	O
GmbH	O
(	O
HST	O
)	O
Saphir	O
CAPI	B-Protocol
ISDN	B-Protocol
drivers	O
or	O
PCMCIA/PCCard	O
driver	O
stacks	O
such	O
as	O
Award	O
's	O
CardWare2.5	O
(	O
or	O
higher	O
)	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
support	O
DPMS	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Phoenix	O
's	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Award	O
,	O
their	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
drivers	O
6.0	O
(	O
and	O
higher	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
off	O
toUniCore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
LXE	O
's	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
stack	O
into	O
their	O
ruggedized	O
DOS	B-Device
PCs	O
,	O
DPMS	O
also	O
found	O
its	O
way	O
into	O
the	O
Datalight	O
ROM-DOS	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Funk	O
Software	O
introduced	O
a	O
DPMS-enabled	O
version	O
of	O
their	O
remote	O
control	O
software	O
Proxy	O
Host	O
,	O
allowing	O
PHOST	O
to	O
occupy	O
only	O
9KB	O
of	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Remote	O
Dial-in	O
Client	O
software	O
REMOTE	O
for	O
the	O
833	O
Remote	O
Access	O
Server	O
by	O
Perle	B-Device
Systems	I-Device
could	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
DPMS	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
at	O
least	O
since	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SciTech	O
Software	O
's	O
Kendall	O
Bennett	O
investigated	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
add	O
DPMS	O
support	O
to	O
their	O
DOS	B-Device
driver	O
suite	O
around	O
2000	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
never	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bret	O
Johnson	O
developed	O
DPMS-enabled	O
Print	B-Device
Screen	I-Device
to	O
file	O
(	O
PRTSCR	O
)	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
drivers	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
Helix	O
Software	O
Company	O
's	O
memory	O
manager	O
NETROOM3	O
introduced	O
a	O
feature	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
Novell	O
's	O
DPMS	O
:	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
was	O
used	O
to	O
relocate	O
Helix	O
's	O
and	O
third-party	O
drivers	O
into	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
run	O
them	O
at	O
ring	B-Operating_System
0	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Providing	O
its	O
functions	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
the	O
real-mode	O
EMS	B-Device
and	O
XMS	B-Device
interface	O
,	O
its	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
services	O
are	O
available	O
under	O
INT	O
2Ch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
developer	O
's	O
kit	O
was	O
available	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
NuMega	B-Application
SoftICE	I-Application
debugger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloaked	O
driver	O
or	O
TSR	O
software	O
hooking	O
interrupts	O
had	O
to	O
leave	O
a	O
small	O
11-byte	O
stub	O
in	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
which	O
would	O
invoke	O
the	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
server	O
to	O
pass	O
execution	O
to	O
the	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
portion	O
of	O
the	O
driver	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLOAKING	B-Device
includes	O
support	O
for	O
operation	O
under	O
Windows	O
3.x	O
and	O
Windows	O
95	O
,	O
providing	O
compatible	O
INT2Ch	O
services	O
to	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
drivers	O
via	O
a	O
Windows	O
VxD	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
debugging	O
through	O
Windows	O
start-up	O
using	O
SoftICE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ability	O
to	O
transition	O
between	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
host	O
environments	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
patent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLOAKING	B-Device
integrates	O
into	O
and	O
works	O
with	O
existing	O
virtual	O
memory	O
control	O
programs	O
,	O
without	O
switching	O
descriptor	O
tables	O
or	O
resetting	O
the	O
control	O
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
Novell	O
's	O
DPMS	O
,	O
Helix	O
's	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
driver	O
can	O
be	O
loaded	B-Device
high	I-Device
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
run	O
on	O
286	B-General_Concept
machines	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
does	O
support	O
16-bit	O
services	O
and	O
program	O
structure	O
on	O
a	O
386	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
CLOAKING2.01	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
multitasker	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
no	O
DPMS	O
server	O
is	O
present	O
when	O
CLOAKING.EXE	O
loads	O
,	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
will	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
cloaked	O
DPMS	O
server	O
at	O
a	O
mere	O
100	O
bytes	O
increase	O
of	O
its	O
DOS	B-Device
memory	O
footprint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
coexist	O
with	O
a	O
DPMS	O
server	O
loaded	O
before	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPMS-enabled	O
drivers	O
will	O
work	O
with	O
both	O
DPMS	O
or	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
,	O
but	O
not	O
viceversa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
NETROOM	B-General_Concept
v3.04	O
,	O
the	O
Supplemental	O
Disk	O
distribution	O
dated	O
10	O
February	O
1995	O
included	O
the	O
password-protected	O
resource	O
file	O
NR.ZIP	O
(	O
679,271	O
KB	O
)	O
as	O
an	O
undocumented	O
file	O
;	O
DPMSCLK.EXE	O
(	O
13,904	O
KB	O
)	O
,	O
"	O
Cloaked	O
DPMS	O
Server	O
v3.03	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
file	O
is	O
not	O
unzipped	O
by	O
the	O
NETROOM	B-General_Concept
3	O
SETUP.EXE	O
program	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
install	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
hint	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
existence	O
in	O
the	O
NETROOM	B-General_Concept
3	O
software	O
manual	O
or	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
on-disk	O
program	O
documentation	O
and	O
human-readable	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
NETROOM	B-General_Concept
as	O
released	O
basically	O
ignored	O
DPMS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Helix	O
licensed	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Award	O
Software	O
's	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
developed	O
cloaked	O
system	B-Operating_System
and	O
video	O
BIOSes	O
which	O
executed	O
entirely	O
in	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
,	O
reducing	O
their	O
real-mode	O
memory	O
footprint	O
down	O
to	O
8KB	O
(	O
instead	O
of	O
96KB	O
)	O
and	O
used	O
these	O
as	O
run-time	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
their	O
NETROOM	B-General_Concept
memorymanager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
Multimedia	O
Cloaking	B-Device
product	O
,	O
Helix	O
provided	O
cloaked	O
versions	O
of	O
Logitech	O
's	O
MOUSE	O
6.33	O
driver	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
MSCDEX	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
home-grown	O
diskcache	O
to	O
replace	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
SmartDrivedrivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
product	O
named	O
Multimedia	O
Stacker	B-Application
consisting	O
of	O
Stac	O
's	O
DPMS-enabled	O
Stacker4.01	O
with	O
Helix	O
's	O
above	O
suite	O
of	O
cloaked	O
DOSutilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Logitech	O
DOS	B-Device
mouse	O
driver	O
since	O
MouseWare	O
6.50	O
was	O
enabled	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
as	O
well	O
,	O
thereby	O
reducing	O
the	O
mouse	O
driver	O
's	O
memory	O
footprint	O
visible	O
to	O
DOS	B-Device
applications	O
from	O
27KB	O
to	O
1KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLOAKING	B-Device
was	O
also	O
licensed	O
to	O
Symantec	O
for	O
their	O
utility	O
suite	O
,	O
to	O
Corel	O
for	O
their	O
CD	O
Creator	O
and	O
Corel	O
SCSI	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
SMC	O
Networks	O
for	O
their	O
Ethernet	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Novell	O
's	O
DPMS	O
utility	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
temporarily	O
disable	O
DPMS	O
with	O
a	O
command	O
if	O
those	O
DPMS	O
services	O
are	O
provided	O
by	O
CLOAKING	B-Device
instead	O
of	O
DPMS	O
itself	O
,	O
because	O
Helix	O
's	O
implementation	O
will	O
erroneously	O
not	O
only	O
disallow	O
new	O
drivers	O
to	O
register	O
with	O
DPMS	O
,	O
but	O
completely	O
switch	O
off	O
DPMS	O
services	O
even	O
for	O
already	O
loaded	O
drivers	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
systemcrash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
Novell	O
had	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
convert	O
their	O
resident	O
workstation	O
management	O
utilities	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
DOS	B-Device
network	O
driver	O
stacks	O
(	O
shells	O
,	O
redirectors	O
and	O
requestors	O
)	O
to	O
use	O
DPMS	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
server	O
component	O
was	O
modified	O
to	O
actually	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Announced	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
Novell	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
32-bit	O
DOS/Windows	O
NetWare	O
client	O
(	O
Client	O
32	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
ODI32/NIOS	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
former	O
16-bit	O
client	O
based	O
on	O
ODI/VLM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NIOS	O
(	O
NetWare	O
I/O	O
Subsystem	O
)	O
client	O
for	O
DOS	B-Device
and	O
Windows	O
used	O
techniques	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
DPMS	O
or	O
Cloaking	B-Device
to	O
relocate	O
and	O
run	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
loaded	O
NLMs	B-Application
(	O
NetWare	B-Application
Loadable	I-Application
Modules	I-Application
)	O
in	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
and	O
extended	B-Device
memory	I-Device
in	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
conventional	B-Device
memory	I-Device
footprint	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
stack	O
down	O
to	O
about	O
2	O
to	O
5KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NIOS	O
neither	O
required	O
nor	O
used	O
DPMS	O
or	O
Cloaking	B-Device
directly	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
provide	O
a	O
generic	O
interface	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
non-NLM	O
modules	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
certainly	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
DPMS	O
technology	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
coexist	O
with	O
both	O
ofthem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Novell	O
's	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
was	O
published	O
unmodified	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
DR-DOS	B-Application
suite	O
by	O
its	O
newer	O
owners	O
Caldera	O
,	O
Lineo	O
and	O
DeviceLogics	O
up	O
to	O
2018	O
,	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
had	O
been	O
abandoned	O
since	O
1995	O
within	O
Novell	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
situation	O
that	O
Novell	O
never	O
published	O
a	O
driver	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
protocol	O
under	O
the	O
newer	O
32-bit	O
ODI32/NIOS	O
stack	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
users	O
of	O
Personal	B-Application
NetWare	I-Application
,	O
who	O
could	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
PNW	O
server	O
module	O
's	O
DPMS	O
capabilities	O
already	O
,	O
were	O
bound	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
memory-consuming	O
ODI/VLM	O
16-bit	O
client	O
with	O
its	O
protocol	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
