<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
particle	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
at	O
the	O
Cornell	O
Electron	O
Storage	O
Ring	O
(	O
CESR	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
collaboration	O
of	O
physicists	O
who	O
operated	O
the	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
is	O
not	O
an	O
acronym	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
short	O
for	O
Cleopatra	O
and	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
go	O
with	O
CESR	O
(	O
pronounced	O
Caesar	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
hermetic	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
that	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
versions	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
tracking	O
system	O
inside	O
a	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
,	O
a	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
,	O
particle	O
identification	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
muon	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
detector	O
began	O
collecting	O
data	O
in	O
October	O
1979	O
,	O
and	O
CLEO-c	O
finished	O
collecting	O
data	O
on	O
March	O
3	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
initially	O
measured	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
Υ( 1	O
–	O
3S	O
)	O
resonances	O
below	O
the	O
threshold	O
for	O
producing	O
B	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
CUSB	O
experiment	O
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
then	O
spent	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
at	O
the	O
Υ(4S )	O
and	O
measured	O
many	O
important	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
B	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
studying	O
the	O
B	O
mesons	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
D	O
mesons	O
and	O
tau	O
leptons	O
,	O
and	O
discover	O
many	O
new	O
charm	O
hadrons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
BaBar	O
and	O
Belle	O
B	O
factories	O
began	O
to	O
collect	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
no	O
longer	O
able	O
to	O
make	O
competitive	O
measurements	O
of	O
B	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
revisited	O
the	O
Υ(1-3S )	O
resonances	O
,	O
then	O
underwent	O
its	O
last	O
upgrade	O
to	O
CLEO-c	O
.	O
CESR	O
ran	O
at	O
lower	O
energies	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
measured	O
many	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
ψ	O
resonances	O
and	O
D	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
longest	O
running	O
experiment	O
in	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
particle	O
physics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CESR	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
were	O
approved	O
in	O
1977	O
and	O
mostly	O
finished	O
by	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
built	O
in	O
the	O
large	O
experimental	O
hall	O
at	O
the	O
south	O
end	O
of	O
CESR	O
;	O
a	O
smaller	O
detector	O
named	O
CUSB	O
(	O
for	O
Columbia	O
University-Stony	O
Brook	O
)	O
was	O
built	O
at	O
the	O
north	O
interaction	O
region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
the	O
proposal	O
for	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
CESR	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
,	O
Fermilab	O
discovered	O
the	O
Υ	O
resonances	O
and	O
suggested	O
that	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
three	O
states	O
existed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
found	O
the	O
Υ(1S )	O
shortly	O
after	O
beginning	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
mass	O
difference	O
from	O
DORIS	O
to	O
quickly	O
find	O
the	O
Υ(2S )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CESR	O
's	O
higher	O
beam	O
energies	O
allowed	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
more	O
massive	O
Υ(3S )	O
and	O
discover	O
the	O
Υ(4S )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
proceeded	O
to	O
publish	O
over	O
sixty	O
papers	O
using	O
the	O
original	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
had	O
competition	O
in	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
B	O
mesons	O
,	O
particularly	O
from	O
the	O
ARGUS	O
collaboration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
collaboration	O
was	O
worried	O
that	O
the	O
ARGUS	O
detector	O
at	O
DESY	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
than	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
,	O
therefore	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
plan	O
for	O
an	O
upgrade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
improved	O
detector	O
would	O
use	O
a	O
new	O
drift	O
chamber	O
for	O
tracking	O
and	O
dE/dx	O
measurements	O
,	O
a	O
cesium	O
iodide	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
inside	O
a	O
new	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
,	O
time	O
of	O
flight	O
counters	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
muon	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
collected	O
data	O
for	O
two	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I.V	O
configuration	O
:	O
new	O
drift	O
chamber	O
,	O
ten	O
layer	O
vertex	O
detector	O
(	O
VD	O
)	O
inside	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
,	O
three	O
layer	O
straw	O
tube	O
drift	O
chamber	O
insert	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
inside	O
the	O
VD	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
prototype	O
CsI	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
replacing	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
pole-tip	O
shower	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
highlight	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I.V	O
era	O
was	O
the	O
observation	O
of	O
semi-leptonic	O
B	O
decays	O
to	O
charmless	O
final	O
states	O
,	O
submitted	O
less	O
than	O
three	O
weeks	O
before	O
a	O
similar	O
observation	O
from	O
ARGUS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shutdown	O
for	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
DR2	O
allowed	O
ARGUS	O
to	O
beat	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
to	O
the	O
observation	O
of	O
B	O
mixing	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
cited	O
measurement	O
of	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
symmetric	O
B	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
shut	O
down	O
in	O
April	O
1988	O
to	O
begin	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
installation	O
,	O
and	O
finished	O
the	O
upgrade	O
in	O
August	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
six	O
layer	O
straw	O
chamber	O
precision	O
tracker	O
(	O
PT	O
)	O
replaced	O
the	O
IV	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
time-of-flight	O
detectors	O
,	O
CsI	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
,	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
and	O
iron	O
,	O
and	O
muon	O
chambers	O
were	O
all	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
era	O
,	O
the	O
collaboration	O
observed	O
the	O
flavor	O
changing	O
neutral	O
current	O
decays	O
B+	O
,	O
0	O
→	O
K*+	O
,	O
0	O
γ	O
and	O
b	O
→	O
s	O
γ	O
.	O
Decays	O
of	O
B	O
mesons	O
to	O
two	O
charmless	O
mesons	O
were	O
also	O
discovered	O
during	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CESR	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
submitted	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
low	O
energy	O
ring	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
tunnel	O
and	O
upgrade	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
detector	O
with	O
NSF	O
funding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
losing	O
the	O
competition	O
for	O
the	O
B	O
factory	O
,	O
CESR	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
proceeded	O
with	O
a	O
two-part	O
plan	O
to	O
upgrade	O
the	O
accelerator	O
and	O
the	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
phase	O
was	O
the	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II.V	O
configuration	O
between	O
May	O
and	O
October	O
1995	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
to	O
replace	O
the	O
PT	O
and	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
gas	O
mixture	O
in	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
from	O
an	O
argon-ethane	O
mix	O
to	O
a	O
helium-propane	O
mix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
provided	O
excellent	O
vertex	O
resolution	O
,	O
allowing	O
precise	O
measurements	O
of	O
D0	O
,	O
D+	O
,	O
Ds	O
and	O
τ	O
lifetimes	O
and	O
D	O
mixing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
and	O
particle	O
identification	O
chamber	O
would	O
also	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
CLEO-III	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
upgrade	O
replaced	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
and	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
and	O
added	O
a	O
ring-imaging	O
Cherenkov	O
(	O
RICH	O
)	O
detector	O
for	O
enhanced	O
particle	O
identification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
drift	O
chamber	O
(	O
DR3	O
)	O
achieved	O
the	O
same	O
momentum	O
resolution	O
as	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II.V	O
drift	O
chamber	O
,	O
despite	O
having	O
a	O
shorter	O
lever	O
arm	O
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
RICH	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mass	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
endplates	O
was	O
also	O
reduced	O
to	O
allow	O
better	O
resolution	O
in	O
the	O
endcap	O
calorimeters	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II.V	O
had	O
stopped	O
collecting	O
data	O
in	O
February	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
was	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
next	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
being	O
built	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
engineering	O
run	O
was	O
taken	O
until	O
the	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
was	O
ready	O
for	O
installation	O
in	O
February	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
collected	O
6fb−1	O
of	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
Υ(4S )	O
and	O
another	O
2fb−1	O
below	O
the	O
Υ(4S )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
luminosity	O
BaBar	O
and	O
Belle	O
experiments	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
could	O
no	O
longer	O
make	O
competitive	O
measurements	O
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
B	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
decided	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
various	O
bottom	O
and	O
charm	O
quarkonia	O
states	O
and	O
charm	O
mesons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
began	O
by	O
revisiting	O
the	O
Υ	O
states	O
below	O
the	O
B	O
meson	O
threshold	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
data	O
collected	O
with	O
the	O
CLEO-III	O
detector	O
was	O
at	O
the	O
Υ(1-3S )	O
resonances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
was	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
detector	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
optimized	O
for	O
taking	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
reduced	O
beam	O
energies	O
needed	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
charm	O
quark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
replaced	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
suffered	O
from	O
lower-than-expected	O
efficiency	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
six	O
layer	O
,	O
all	O
stereo	O
drift	O
chamber	O
(	O
ZD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
also	O
operated	O
with	O
the	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
at	O
a	O
reduced	O
magnetic	O
field	O
of	O
1T	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
low	O
momentum	O
charged	O
particles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
measured	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
D	O
mesons	O
that	O
served	O
as	O
inputs	O
to	O
the	O
measurements	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
B	O
factories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
's	O
subdetectors	O
perform	O
three	O
main	O
tasks	O
:	O
tracking	O
of	O
charged	O
particles	O
,	O
calorimetry	O
of	O
neutral	O
particles	O
and	O
electrons	O
,	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
charged	O
particle	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
has	O
always	O
used	O
a	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
charged	O
particles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
design	O
called	O
for	O
a	O
superconducting	O
solenoid	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
clear	O
that	O
one	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
built	O
in	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
magnet	O
was	O
built	O
for	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
upgrade	O
and	O
was	O
placed	O
between	O
the	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
muon	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
operated	O
at	O
1.5T	O
until	O
CLEO-c	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
magnetic	O
field	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
1.0T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
detector	O
used	O
three	O
separate	O
tracking	O
chambers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
drift	O
chamber	O
(	O
DR	O
)	O
was	O
immediately	O
outside	O
the	O
IZ	O
and	O
occupied	O
the	O
region	O
between	O
a	O
radius	O
of	O
17.3cm	O
and	O
95cm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
dedicated	O
tracking	O
chamber	O
was	O
the	O
planar	O
outer	O
Z	O
drift	O
chamber	O
(	O
OZ	O
)	O
between	O
the	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
and	O
the	O
dE/dx	O
chambers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
drift	O
chamber	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
outer	O
radius	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
one	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
installed	O
before	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
upgrades	O
were	O
ready	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IV	O
was	O
replaced	O
during	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
upgrade	O
with	O
a	O
five-layer	O
straw	O
tube	O
with	O
a	O
3.5cm	O
inner	O
radius	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
drift	O
chamber	O
(	O
DR3	O
)	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
have	O
similar	O
performance	O
as	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II/II.V	O
drift	O
chamber	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
smaller	O
to	O
allow	O
space	O
for	O
the	O
RICH	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
drift	O
chamber	O
built	O
for	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
inner	O
drift	O
chamber	O
ZD	O
for	O
the	O
CLEO-c	O
upgrade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
built	O
its	O
first	O
silicon	O
vertex	O
detector	O
for	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II.V	O
upgrade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
three-layer	O
device	O
,	O
arranged	O
in	O
octants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
upgrade	O
included	O
a	O
new	O
four	O
layer	O
,	O
double-sided	O
silicon	O
vertex	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
achieved	O
85%	O
efficiency	O
after	O
installation	O
,	O
but	O
soon	O
began	O
to	O
suffer	O
increasingly	O
large	O
inefficiencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
silicon	B-Algorithm
detector	I-Algorithm
was	O
replaced	O
for	O
CLEO-c	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
poor	O
performance	O
,	O
the	O
reduced	O
need	O
for	O
vertexing	O
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
material	O
near	O
the	O
beampipe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
had	O
three	O
separate	O
calorimeters	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
calorimetry	O
was	O
significantly	O
improved	O
during	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
upgrade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
electromagnetic	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
used	O
7784	O
CsI	O
crystals	O
doped	O
with	O
thallium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
cylinder	O
placed	O
between	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
and	O
the	O
solenoid	O
magnet	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
endcap	O
calorimeters	B-Algorithm
were	O
placed	O
at	O
either	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
crystals	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
faced	O
a	O
point	O
displaced	O
from	O
the	O
interaction	O
point	O
both	O
longitudinally	O
and	O
transversely	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
centimeters	O
to	O
avoid	O
inefficiencies	O
from	O
particles	O
passing	O
between	O
neighboring	O
crystals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
primarily	O
measured	O
the	O
energy	O
of	O
photons	O
or	O
electrons	O
,	O
however	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
antineutrons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
detector	O
from	O
CLEO-II	O
through	O
CLEO-c	O
used	O
the	O
CsI	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Five	O
types	O
of	O
long-lived	O
,	O
charged	O
particles	O
are	O
produced	O
at	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
:	O
electrons	O
,	O
pions	O
,	O
muons	O
,	O
kaons	O
and	O
protons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particle	O
identification	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
both	O
dedicated	O
subdetectors	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
and	O
drift	O
chamber	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
outer	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
detector	O
was	O
divided	O
into	O
independent	O
octants	O
that	O
were	O
primarily	O
dedicated	O
to	O
charged	O
particle	O
identification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
muon	O
drift	O
chambers	O
were	O
the	O
outermost	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
layers	O
of	O
muon	O
detectors	O
were	O
outside	O
the	O
magnet	O
iron	O
on	O
either	O
end	O
of	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
used	O
time-of-flight	O
detectors	O
between	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
and	O
the	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
,	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
barrel	O
region	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
endcap	O
region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
muon	O
detector	O
was	O
far	O
away	O
enough	O
from	O
the	O
interaction	O
region	O
that	O
in-flight	O
decays	O
of	O
pions	O
and	O
kaons	O
were	O
a	O
significant	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
more	O
compact	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
detector	O
allowed	O
the	O
muon	O
detectors	O
to	O
be	O
moved	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
interaction	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
upgrade	O
included	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
RICH	O
subdetector	O
,	O
a	O
dedicated	O
particle	O
identification	O
subdetector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RICH	O
detector	O
was	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
than	O
20cm	O
in	O
the	O
radial	O
direction	O
,	O
between	O
the	O
drift	O
chamber	O
and	O
the	O
calorimeter	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
less	O
than	O
12%	O
of	O
a	O
radiation	O
length	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
has	O
published	O
over	O
200	O
articles	O
in	O
Physical	O
Review	O
Letters	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
180	O
articles	O
in	O
Physical	O
Review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
B	O
physics	O
was	O
usually	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
's	O
top	O
priority	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
collaboration	O
has	O
made	O
measurements	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
particle	O
physics	O
topics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
's	O
most	O
cited	O
paper	O
reported	O
the	O
first	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
flavor-changing	O
neutral	O
current	O
decay	O
b	O
→	O
sγ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
measurement	O
agreed	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
Standard	B-General_Concept
Model	I-General_Concept
and	O
placed	O
significant	O
constraints	O
on	O
numerous	O
beyond	O
the	O
Standard	B-General_Concept
Model	I-General_Concept
proposals	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
charged	O
Higgs	O
and	O
anomalous	O
WWγ	O
couplings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
ARGUS	O
reported	O
nearly	O
simultaneous	O
measurements	O
of	O
inclusive	O
charmless	O
semileptonic	O
B	O
meson	O
decays	O
,	O
which	O
directly	O
established	O
a	O
non-zero	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
CKM	O
matrix	O
element	O
|Vub|	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exclusive	O
charmless	O
semileptonic	O
B	O
meson	O
decays	O
were	O
first	O
observed	O
by	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
six	O
years	O
later	O
in	O
the	O
modes	O
B	O
→	O
πlν	O
,	O
ρlν	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
|Vub|	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
also	O
discovered	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
hadronic	O
analogs	O
:	O
B+	O
,	O
0	O
→	O
K(892 )	O
+π−	O
,	O
φ	O
K( *	O
)	O
,	O
K+π0	O
,	O
K0π0	O
,	O
π+π−	O
,	O
π+ρ0	O
,	O
π+ρ−	O
,	O
π+ω	O
η	O
K*	O
,	O
η	O
K	O
and	O
K0π+	O
,	O
K+π−	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
observed	O
many	O
exclusive	O
charmed	O
decays	O
of	O
B	O
mesons	O
,	O
including	O
several	O
that	O
are	O
sensitive	O
to	O
|Vcb|	O
:	O
B	O
→	O
D( *	O
)	O
K*−	O
,	O
0	O
→	O
D*0π0	O
B	O
→	O
Λπ−	O
,	O
Λπ+π−	O
,	O
0	O
→	O
D*0π+π+π−π−	O
,	O
0	O
→	O
D*ρ−	O
,	O
B0	O
→	O
D*−pπ+	O
,	O
D*−p	O
,	O
B	O
→	O
J/Ψ	O
φ	O
K	O
,	O
B0	O
→	O
D*+D*−	O
,	O
and	O
B+	O
→	O
0	O
K+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
ran	O
mainly	O
near	O
the	O
Υ(4S )	O
to	O
study	O
B	O
mesons	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
competitive	O
with	O
experiments	O
designed	O
to	O
study	O
charm	O
hadrons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
measurement	O
of	O
charm	O
hadron	O
properties	O
by	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
observation	O
of	O
the	O
Ds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
measured	O
a	O
mass	O
of	O
1970±7MeV	O
,	O
considerably	O
lower	O
than	O
previous	O
observations	O
at	O
2030±60MeV	O
and	O
2020±10MeV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
discovered	O
the	O
DsJ(2573 )	O
and	O
the	O
DsJ(2463 )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
first	O
experiment	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
doubly	O
Cabibbo	O
suppressed	O
decay	O
D0	O
→	O
K+π−	O
,	O
and	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
performed	O
Dalitz	O
analyses	O
of	O
D0	O
,	O
+	O
in	O
several	O
decay	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
studied	O
the	O
D*( 2010	O
)	O
+	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
first	O
measurement	O
of	O
its	O
width	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
precise	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
D*	O
-D0	O
mass	O
difference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
made	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
accurate	O
measurements	O
of	O
D	O
meson	O
branching	O
ratios	O
in	O
inclusive	O
channels	O
,	O
μ+νμ	O
,	O
semileptonic	O
decays	O
,	O
and	O
hadronic	O
decays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
first	O
observed	O
the	O
purely	O
leptonic	O
decay	O
D	O
→	O
μ+	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
an	O
experimental	O
measure	O
of	O
the	O
decay	O
constant	O
fDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
made	O
the	O
most	O
precise	O
measurements	O
of	O
fD+	O
and	O
fDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
D	O
decay	O
modes	O
discovered	O
by	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
are	O
p	O
,	O
ωπ+	O
,	O
η	O
ρ+	O
,	O
η'ρ+	O
,	O
φρ+	O
,	O
η	O
π+	O
,	O
η'π+	O
,	O
and	O
φ	O
l	O
ν	O
.	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
discovered	O
many	O
charmed	O
baryons	O
and	O
discovered	O
or	O
improved	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
many	O
charmed	O
baryon	O
decay	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
BaBar	O
and	O
Belle	O
began	O
discovering	O
new	O
charm	O
baryons	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
had	O
discovered	O
thirteen	O
of	O
the	O
twenty	O
known	O
charm	O
baryons	O
:	O
Ξ	O
,	O
Ξ(2790 )	O
,	O
Ξ(2815 )	O
,	O
Ξ	O
,	O
Σ(2520 )	O
,	O
Ξ(2645 )	O
,	O
Ξ(2645 )	O
,	O
and	O
Λ(2593 )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charmed	O
baryon	O
decay	O
modes	O
discovered	O
at	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
are	O
Ω	O
→	O
Ω−e+e	O
;	O
Λ	O
→	O
p0η	O
,	O
Ληπ+	O
,	O
Σ+η	O
,	O
Σ*+η	O
,	O
Λ0K+	O
,	O
Σ+π0	O
,	O
Σ+ω	O
,	O
Λπ+π+π−π0	O
,	O
Λωπ+	O
;	O
and	O
Ξ	O
→	O
Ξ0e+	O
e	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
studied	O
the	O
Υ	O
system	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
CUSB	O
and	O
CUSB-II	O
experiments	O
,	O
then	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
Υ	O
system	O
with	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
detector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
studied	O
the	O
lower	O
mass	O
ψ	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
published	O
their	O
first	O
papers	O
back-to-back	O
,	O
reporting	O
observation	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
Υ	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
claims	O
of	O
the	O
Υ(3S )	O
relied	O
on	O
fits	O
of	O
one	O
peak	O
with	O
three	O
components	O
;	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
's	O
observation	O
of	O
three	O
well	O
separated	O
peaks	O
dispelled	O
any	O
remaining	O
doubt	O
about	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
Υ(3S )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Υ(4S )	O
was	O
discovered	O
shortly	O
after	O
by	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
and	O
was	O
interpreted	O
as	O
decaying	O
to	O
B	O
mesons	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
large	O
decay	O
width	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
and	O
CUSB	O
later	O
reported	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
Υ(5S )	O
and	O
Υ(6S )	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
I	O
through	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
II	O
had	O
significant	O
competition	O
in	O
Υ	O
physics	O
,	O
primarily	O
from	O
the	O
CUSB	O
,	O
Crystal	O
Ball	O
and	O
ARGUS	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
was	O
able	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
to	O
observe	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Υ(1S )	O
decays	O
:	O
τ+τ−	O
,	O
J/Ψ	O
X	O
and	O
γ	O
X	O
with	O
X	O
=	O
π+	O
,	O
π0	O
,	O
2π+	O
,	O
π+K+	O
,	O
π+p	O
,	O
2K+	O
,	O
3π+	O
,	O
2π+K+	O
,	O
and	O
2π+p	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
collected	O
more	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
Υ(1-3S )	O
resonances	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
III	O
discovered	O
the	O
Υ(1D )	O
state	O
,	O
the	O
χb1	O
,	O
2(2P )	O
→	O
ωΥ(1S )	O
transitions	O
,	O
and	O
Υ(3S )	O
→	O
τ+τ−	O
decays	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO-c	O
measured	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
charmonium	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
discovered	O
six	O
decay	O
modes	O
of	O
the	O
τ	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
measured	O
the	O
lifetime	O
of	O
the	O
τ	O
three	O
times	O
with	O
a	O
precision	O
comparable	O
or	O
better	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
measurements	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
also	O
measured	O
the	O
mass	O
of	O
the	O
τ	O
twice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
set	O
limits	O
on	O
the	O
mass	O
of	O
ντ	O
several	O
times	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
limit	O
was	O
never	O
the	O
most	O
stringent	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
's	O
measurements	O
of	O
the	O
Michel	O
parameters	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
precise	O
for	O
their	O
time	O
,	O
many	O
by	O
a	O
substantial	O
margin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
has	O
studied	O
two-photon	O
physics	O
,	O
where	O
both	O
an	O
electron	O
and	O
positron	O
radiate	O
a	O
photon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
published	O
measurements	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
vector	O
meson	O
process	O
and	O
the	O
hadron-antihadron	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
performed	O
an	O
energy	O
scan	O
for	O
center-of-mass	O
energies	O
between	O
7GeV	O
and	O
10GeV	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
hadronic	O
cross	O
section	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLEO	B-Algorithm
made	O
the	O
first	O
measurements	O
of	O
the	O
π+	O
and	O
K+	O
electromagnetic	O
form	O
factors	O
above	O
Q2	O
4GeV2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
has	O
performed	O
searches	O
for	O
Higgs	O
and	O
beyond	O
SM	O
particles	O
:	O
Higgs	O
bosons	O
,	O
axions	O
,	O
magnetic	O
monopoles	O
,	O
neutralinos	O
,	O
fractionally	O
charged	O
particles	O
,	O
bottom	O
squarks	O
,	O
and	O
familons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
paper	O
listed	O
73	O
authors	O
from	O
eight	O
institutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cornell	O
University	O
,	O
Syracuse	O
University	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Rochester	O
have	O
been	O
members	O
of	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
for	O
its	O
entire	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
forty-two	O
institutions	O
have	O
been	O
members	O
of	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
at	O
one	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
largest	O
number	O
of	O
authors	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
a	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
paper	O
was	O
226	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
paper	O
published	O
near	O
the	O
time	O
CLEO	B-Algorithm
stopped	O
taking	O
data	O
had	O
123	O
authors	O
.	O
</s>
