<s>
The	O
CIDOC	B-Library
Conceptual	I-Library
Reference	I-Library
Model	I-Library
(	O
CRM	O
)	O
provides	O
an	O
extensible	O
ontology	O
for	O
concepts	O
and	O
information	O
in	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
and	O
museum	O
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Galleries	O
,	O
libraries	O
,	O
archives	O
,	O
museums	O
(	O
GLAMs	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
cultural	O
institutions	O
are	O
encouraged	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
to	O
enhance	O
accessibility	O
to	O
museum-related	O
information	O
and	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
emerged	O
from	O
the	O
CIDOC	O
Documentation	O
Standards	O
Group	O
in	O
the	O
International	O
Committee	O
for	O
Documentation	O
of	O
the	O
International	O
Council	O
of	O
Museums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
until	O
1994	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
focused	O
on	O
developing	O
an	O
entity-relationship	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
for	O
museum	O
information	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
approach	O
shifted	O
to	O
object-oriented	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
methodologies	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
"	O
CIDOC	B-Library
Conceptual	I-Library
Reference	I-Library
Model	I-Library
(	O
CRM	O
)	O
"	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
of	O
standardizing	O
the	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
began	O
in	O
2000	O
and	O
was	O
completed	O
in	O
2006	O
with	O
its	O
acceptance	O
as	O
the	O
ISO	B-Library
21127	I-Library
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
overall	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
is	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
reference	O
model	O
and	O
information	O
standard	O
that	O
museums	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
institutions	O
,	O
can	O
use	O
to	O
describe	O
their	O
collections	O
,	O
and	O
related	O
business	O
entities	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
information	O
sharing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CIDOC	B-Library
Conceptual	I-Library
Reference	I-Library
Model	I-Library
(	O
CRM	O
)	O
provides	O
definitions	O
and	O
a	O
formal	O
structure	O
for	O
describing	O
the	O
implicit	O
and	O
explicit	O
concepts	O
and	O
relationships	O
used	O
in	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
documentation	O
...	O
to	O
promote	O
a	O
shared	O
understanding	O
of	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
information	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
common	O
and	O
extensible	O
semantic	O
framework	O
that	O
any	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
mapped	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
adopting	O
formal	B-Application
semantics	I-Application
for	O
the	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
,	O
the	O
pre-conditions	O
for	O
machine-to-machine	O
interoperability	O
and	O
integration	B-General_Concept
have	O
been	O
established	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
is	O
well	O
placed	O
to	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
information	O
standard	O
and	O
reference	O
model	O
for	O
Semantic	O
Web	O
initiatives	O
,	O
and	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
guide	O
for	O
data	B-Application
,	O
or	O
database	B-General_Concept
,	O
modeling	O
more	O
generally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technically	O
speaking	O
,	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
lends	O
itself	O
to	O
software	O
applications	O
that	O
extensively	O
use	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
RDF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
institutions	O
are	O
investigating	O
or	O
building	O
applications	O
that	O
use	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
successful	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
,	O
a	O
new	O
initiative	O
,	O
FRBRoo	O
,	O
was	O
begun	O
in	O
2006	O
to	O
harmonize	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
Functional	O
Requirements	O
for	O
Bibliographic	O
Records	O
(	O
FRBR	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
initiative	O
is	O
to	O
"	O
provide	O
a	O
formal	O
ontology	O
intended	O
to	O
capture	O
and	O
represent	O
the	O
underlying	O
semantics	B-Application
of	O
bibliographic	O
information	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
integration	B-General_Concept
,	O
mediation	O
,	O
and	O
interchange	O
of	O
bibliographic	O
and	O
museum	O
information.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
includes	O
events	O
,	O
eras/periods	O
,	O
and	O
condition	O
states	O
which	O
happen	O
over	O
a	O
limited	O
extent	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
disjoint	B-Algorithm
with	O
Persistent	O
Item	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ECRM	O
(	O
and	O
thus	O
CIDOC	B-Library
CRM	I-Library
)	O
is	O
used	O
extensively	O
in	O
the	O
WissKI	O
system	O
,	O
an	O
ontology	O
based	O
virtual	O
research	O
environment	O
for	O
managing	O
primary	O
research	O
data	B-Application
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
as	O
linked	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
