<s>
SCOPE	O
(	O
Supervisory	O
Control	O
of	O
Program	O
Execution	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Control	O
Data	O
Corporation	O
batch	B-General_Concept
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
Chippewa	B-Operating_System
Operating	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
renamed	O
NOS/BE	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
CDC	B-Device
Cyber	I-Device
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SCOPE	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
file-oriented	O
system	O
using	O
mass	O
storage	O
,	O
random	O
access	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
all	O
capabilities	O
of	O
CDC	B-Device
6000	I-Device
computer	O
systems	O
and	O
exploits	O
fully	O
the	O
multiple-operating	O
modes	O
of	O
all	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
chronologically	O
records	O
all	O
jobs	O
run	O
and	O
any	O
problems	O
encountered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
aid	O
debugging	O
,	O
dumps	B-Error_Name
and	O
memory	B-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCOPE	O
is	O
a	O
multiprogramming	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
capable	O
of	O
running	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
jobs	O
,	O
called	O
control	O
points	O
,	O
at	O
one	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
deadstarted	B-Operating_System
,	O
all	O
PP	O
's	O
are	O
loaded	O
with	O
system	O
code	O
from	O
magnetic	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
languages	O
were	O
ALGOL	B-Language
,	O
BASIC	O
,	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
,	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
and	O
COMPASS	B-Language
(	O
assembler	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
languages	O
were	O
APT	B-Language
,	O
CSSL	O
3	O
(	O
Continuous	O
System	O
Simulation	O
Language	O
)	O
,	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
,	O
SIMSCRIPT	B-Language
,	O
and	O
SIMULA	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
CDC	O
systems	O
were	O
considered	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
customers	O
were	O
often	O
large	O
government	O
agencies	O
and	O
research	O
facilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
considered	O
by	O
them	O
a	O
buggy	O
and	O
inefficient	O
piece	O
of	O
software	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
much	O
different	O
than	O
many	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
CDC	O
Arden	O
Hills	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
laboratories	O
(	O
where	O
they	O
referred	O
to	O
SCOPE	O
as	O
Sunnyvale	O
's	O
Collection	O
Of	O
Programming	O
Errors	O
)	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
competing	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
MACE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
started	O
as	O
an	O
engineering	O
test	O
executive	O
,	O
but	O
eventually	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
complete	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
—	O
a	O
modularized	O
rewrite	O
and	O
enhancement	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Chippewa	B-Operating_System
Operating	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
COS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Control	O
Data	O
decided	O
to	O
write	O
its	O
next	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
Kronos	O
,	O
it	O
considered	O
both	O
the	O
current	O
SCOPE	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
unofficial	O
MACE	O
alternative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
Kronos	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
new	O
Network	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
(	O
NOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
NOS	B-Operating_System
became	O
the	O
primary	O
Control	O
Data	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
some	O
customers	O
running	O
mainly	O
batch	B-General_Concept
operations	O
were	O
reluctant	O
to	O
switch	O
to	O
the	O
NOS	B-Operating_System
system	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
saw	O
no	O
benefit	O
for	O
their	O
shop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
the	O
SCOPE	O
system	O
was	O
maintained	O
,	O
and	O
renamed	O
as	O
NOS/BE	B-Operating_System
(	O
Batch	B-General_Concept
Environment	O
)	O
,	O
primarily	O
so	O
that	O
CDC	O
Marketing	O
could	O
say	O
that	O
all	O
mainframe	O
customers	O
were	O
using	O
the	O
NOS	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
now	O
running	O
under	O
a	O
CDC	B-Device
CYBER	I-Device
and	O
6000	O
series	O
emulator	O
.	O
</s>
