<s>
The	O
Compact	O
Disc-Interactive	O
(	O
CD-I	B-Device
,	O
later	O
CD-i	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
digital	O
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
data	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
format	O
that	O
was	O
mostly	O
developed	O
and	O
marketed	O
by	O
Dutch	O
company	O
Philips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
CDDA	O
and	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
and	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
Green	B-Device
Book	I-Device
specifications	O
,	O
co-developed	O
by	O
Philips	O
and	O
Sony	O
,	O
to	O
combine	O
audio	O
,	O
text	O
and	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
companies	O
initially	O
expected	O
to	O
impact	O
the	O
education/training	O
,	O
point	O
of	O
sale	O
,	O
and	O
home	O
entertainment	O
industries	O
,	O
but	O
CD-i	B-Device
eventually	O
became	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
media	O
physically	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
dimensions	O
as	O
CD	B-Device
,	O
but	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
of	O
digital	O
data	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
up	O
to	O
72	O
minutes	O
of	O
full	B-Application
motion	I-Application
video	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
were	O
usually	O
standalone	O
boxes	O
that	O
connect	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
television	O
;	O
some	O
less	O
common	O
setups	O
included	O
integrated	O
CD-i	B-Device
television	O
sets	O
and	O
expansion	O
modules	O
for	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
players	O
were	O
created	O
by	O
Philips	O
;	O
the	O
format	O
was	O
licensed	O
by	O
Philips	O
and	O
Microware	B-Operating_System
for	O
use	O
by	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
notably	O
Sony	O
who	O
released	O
professional	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Intelligent	O
Discman	O
"	O
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drives	O
,	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
are	O
complete	O
computer	O
systems	O
centered	O
around	O
dedicated	O
Motorola	O
68000-based	O
microprocessors	O
and	O
its	O
own	O
operating	O
system	O
called	O
CD-RTOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
"	O
Compact	O
Disc	O
–	O
Real	B-Operating_System
Time	I-Operating_System
Operating	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
's	O
CD-i	B-Device
system	O
also	O
implemented	O
Internet	B-Application
features	I-Application
,	O
including	O
subscriptions	O
,	O
web	O
browsing	O
,	O
downloading	O
,	O
e-mail	O
,	O
and	O
online	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
's	O
aim	O
with	O
its	O
players	O
was	O
to	O
introduce	O
interactive	O
multimedia	O
content	O
for	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
by	O
combining	O
features	O
of	O
a	O
CD	B-Device
player	I-Device
and	O
game	O
console	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
than	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
with	O
a	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Authoring	B-Application
kits	O
for	O
the	O
format	O
were	O
released	O
first	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
player	O
aimed	O
for	O
home	O
consumers	O
,	O
Philips	O
's	O
CDI	B-Device
910/205	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1991	O
,	O
initially	O
priced	O
around	O
,	O
and	O
capable	O
of	O
playing	O
interactive	O
CD-i	B-Device
discs	O
,	O
Audio	O
CDs	B-Device
,	O
CD+G	O
(	O
CD+Graphics	O
)	O
,	O
Photo	O
CDs	B-Device
and	O
Video	O
CDs	B-Device
(	O
VCDs	O
)	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
latter	O
required	O
an	O
optional	O
"	O
Digital	O
Video	O
Card	O
"	O
to	O
provide	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
marketed	O
to	O
consumers	O
as	O
"	O
home	O
entertainment	O
systems	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
later	O
years	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
gaming	O
platform	O
"	O
,	O
CD-i	B-Device
did	O
not	O
manage	O
to	O
find	O
enough	O
success	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
mostly	O
abandoned	O
by	O
Philips	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Compact	O
Disc-Interactive	O
"	O
format	O
began	O
in	O
1984	O
(	O
two	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
Compact	O
Disc	O
)	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
first	O
publicly	O
announced	O
by	O
Philips	O
and	O
Sony	O
–	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
electronics	O
companies	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
–	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
Conference	O
in	O
Seattle	O
in	O
March	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Green	B-Device
Book	I-Device
,	O
formally	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
CD-i	B-Device
Full	O
Functional	O
Specification	O
"	O
,	O
defined	O
the	O
format	O
for	O
interactive	O
,	O
multimedia	O
compact	O
discs	O
designed	O
for	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Green	B-Device
Book	I-Device
specification	O
also	O
defines	O
a	O
whole	O
hardware	O
set	O
built	O
around	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
microprocessor	I-Device
family	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
called	O
CD-RTOS	B-Operating_System
based	O
on	O
OS-9	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
Microware	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
discs	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
Red	O
Book	O
specification	O
of	O
audio	O
CDs	B-Device
(	O
CD-DA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tracks	O
on	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
'	O
s	O
program	O
area	O
can	O
be	O
CD-DA	O
tracks	O
or	O
CD-i	B-Device
tracks	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
first	O
track	O
must	O
always	O
be	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
track	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
CD-i	B-Device
tracks	O
must	O
be	O
grouped	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
tracks	O
are	O
structured	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
XA	O
specification	O
(	O
using	O
either	O
Mode	O
2	O
Form	O
1	O
or	O
Mode	O
2	O
Form	O
2	O
modes	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
different	O
classes	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
contents	O
(	O
"	O
data	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
video	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
audio	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
empty	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
message	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Message	O
"	O
sectors	O
contain	O
audio	O
data	O
to	O
warn	O
users	O
of	O
CD	B-Device
players	I-Device
that	O
the	O
track	O
they	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
listen	O
to	O
is	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
track	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
CD-DA	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
specification	O
also	O
specifies	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
similar	O
to	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
)	O
ISO	B-Application
9660	I-Application
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
CD-i	B-Device
tracks	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
certain	O
specific	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
compatible	O
disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
the	O
Yellow	B-Device
Book	I-Device
(	O
specification	O
for	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
)	O
,	O
the	O
Green	B-Device
Book	I-Device
CD-i	B-Device
standard	O
solves	O
synchronisation	O
problems	O
by	O
interleaving	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
,	O
Philips	O
eventually	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
CD-i	B-Device
development	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
Sony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
invested	O
many	O
millions	O
in	O
developing	O
titles	O
and	O
players	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
branded	O
"	O
CD-I	B-Device
"	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
changed	O
in	O
1991	O
to	O
"	O
CD-i	B-Device
"	O
with	O
a	O
lowercase	O
i	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
Ready	O
format	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
bridge	O
format	O
,	O
also	O
designed	O
by	O
Philips	O
,	O
that	O
defines	O
discs	O
compatible	O
with	O
CD	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
audio	I-Device
players	I-Device
and	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
format	O
puts	O
CD-i	B-Device
software	O
and	O
data	O
into	O
the	O
pregap	O
of	O
Track	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
Bridge	O
format	O
,	O
defined	O
in	O
Philips	O
 '	O
White	O
Book	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
transitional	O
format	O
allowing	O
bridge	O
discs	O
to	O
be	O
played	O
both	O
on	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
drives	O
and	O
on	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
Digital	O
Video	O
format	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
1993	O
containing	O
movies	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
with	O
a	O
Digital	O
Video	O
Cartridge	O
add-on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
format	O
was	O
incompatible	O
with	O
Video	O
CD	B-Device
(	O
VCD	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
unit	O
with	O
the	O
DVC	O
could	O
play	O
both	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
were	O
developed	O
using	O
authoring	B-Application
software	I-Application
produced	O
by	O
OptImage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
company	O
that	O
produced	O
authoring	B-Application
software	I-Application
was	O
Script	O
Systems	O
;	O
they	O
produced	O
ABCD-I	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
software	O
were	O
promoted	O
and/or	O
published	O
by	O
American	O
Interactive	O
Media	O
(	O
AIM	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Philips	O
and	O
its	O
subsidiary	O
PolyGram	O
formed	O
in	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
in	O
1986	O
,	O
before	O
its	O
public	O
debut	O
,	O
to	O
publish	O
CD-i	B-Device
based	O
consumer	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
Philips	B-Device
Interactive	I-Device
Media	I-Device
was	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
at	O
first	O
marketed	O
CD-i	B-Device
as	O
a	O
family	O
entertainment	O
product	O
,	O
and	O
avoided	O
mentioning	O
video	O
games	O
to	O
not	O
compete	O
against	O
game	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
handily	O
beaten	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
multimedia	O
devices	O
by	O
cheap	O
low-end	O
PCs	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
games	O
were	O
the	O
best-selling	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1993	O
Philips	O
encouraged	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
console	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
games	O
,	O
introduced	O
a	O
$250	O
peripheral	O
with	O
more	O
memory	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
full-motion	B-Application
video	I-Application
,	O
and	O
added	O
to	O
new	O
consoles	O
a	O
second	O
controller	O
port	O
for	O
multiplayer	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
CD-i	B-Device
games	O
included	O
entries	O
in	O
popular	O
Nintendo	O
franchises	O
,	O
although	O
those	O
games	O
were	O
not	O
developed	O
by	O
Nintendo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
a	O
Mario	B-Application
game	O
(	O
titled	O
Hotel	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
Legend	B-Application
of	I-Application
Zelda	I-Application
games	O
that	O
are	O
now	O
infamous	O
were	O
released	O
:	O
Zelda	B-Application
:	O
The	O
Wand	O
of	O
Gamelon	O
,	O
Link	O
:	O
The	O
Faces	O
of	O
Evil	O
and	O
Zelda	B-Application
's	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
and	O
Philips	O
had	O
established	O
an	O
agreement	O
to	O
co-develop	O
a	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
enhancement	O
for	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Nintendo	I-Application
Entertainment	I-Application
System	I-Application
due	O
to	O
licensing	O
disagreements	O
with	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
previous	O
partner	O
Sony	O
(	O
an	O
agreement	O
that	O
produced	O
a	O
prototype	O
console	O
called	O
the	O
SNES-CD	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Philips	O
and	O
Nintendo	O
never	O
released	O
such	O
a	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
add-on	O
,	O
Philips	O
was	O
still	O
contractually	O
allowed	O
to	O
continue	O
using	O
Nintendo	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
announced	O
at	O
CES	O
1992	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
full	B-Application
motion	I-Application
video	I-Application
titles	O
such	O
as	O
Dragon	B-Application
's	I-Application
Lair	I-Application
and	O
Mad	B-Application
Dog	I-Application
McCree	I-Application
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
Burn:Cycle	B-Device
,	O
is	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
stronger	O
CD-i	B-Device
titles	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
ported	O
to	O
PC	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
February	O
1994	O
issue	O
of	O
Electronic	O
Gaming	O
Monthly	O
remarked	O
that	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
'	O
s	O
full	B-Application
motion	I-Application
video	I-Application
capabilities	O
were	O
its	O
strongest	O
point	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
nearly	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
best	O
software	O
required	O
the	O
MPEG	O
upgrade	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
also	O
released	O
several	O
versions	O
of	O
popular	O
TV	O
game	O
shows	O
for	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
,	O
including	O
versions	O
of	O
Jeopardy	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
CD-i	B-Device
games	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Name	O
That	O
Tune	O
)	O
had	O
Charlie	O
O'Donnell	O
as	O
announcer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Netherlands	O
also	O
released	O
its	O
version	O
of	O
Lingo	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
American	O
musician	O
Todd	O
Rundgren	O
created	O
the	O
first	O
music-only	O
fully	O
interactive	O
CD	B-Device
,	O
No	O
World	O
Order	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dutch	O
eurodance	O
duo	O
2	O
Unlimited	O
released	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
compilation	O
album	O
in	O
1994	O
called	O
"	O
Beyond	O
Limits	O
"	O
which	O
contains	O
standard	O
CD	B-Device
tracks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
CD-i-exclusive	O
media	O
on	O
the	O
disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
had	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
learning	O
games	O
(	O
"	O
edutainment	O
"	O
)	O
targeted	O
at	O
children	O
from	O
infancy	O
to	O
adolescence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
mid-1996	O
the	O
U.S.	O
market	O
for	O
CD-i	B-Device
software	O
had	O
dried	O
up	O
and	O
Philips	O
had	O
given	O
up	O
on	O
releasing	O
titles	O
there	O
,	O
but	O
continued	O
to	O
publish	O
CD-i	B-Device
games	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
system	O
still	O
held	O
some	O
popularity	O
from	O
a	O
video	O
gaming	O
perspective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
homebrew	B-Application
developers	O
have	O
released	O
video	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
format	O
in	O
later	O
years	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Frog	O
Feast	O
(	O
2005	O
)	O
,	O
Super	O
Quartet	O
(	O
2018	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Nobelia	O
(	O
2022	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CD-i	B-Device
compatible	O
models	O
were	O
released	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
April	O
1995	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
Benelux	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
former	O
Eastern	O
Bloc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
consumer	O
models	O
,	O
professional	O
and	O
development	O
players	O
were	O
sold	O
by	O
Philips	B-Device
Interactive	I-Device
Media	I-Device
Systems	O
and	O
their	O
VARs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
CD-i	B-Device
system	O
was	O
produced	O
by	O
Philips	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Kyocera	O
in	O
1988	O
–	O
the	O
Philips	O
180/181/182	O
modular	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
marketed	O
several	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
models	O
as	O
shown	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
100	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
consisted	O
of	O
the	O
three-unit	O
180/181/182	O
professional	O
system	O
,	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
at	O
the	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
Conference	O
in	O
March	O
1988	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
200	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
205	O
,	O
210	O
,	O
and	O
220	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Philips	B-Device
CDI	I-Device
910	O
is	O
the	O
American	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
CDI	B-Device
205	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
model	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
Philips	B-Device
CD-i	I-Device
model	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
300	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
310	O
,	O
350	O
,	O
360	O
,	O
and	O
370	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
400	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
450	O
,	O
470	O
,	O
490	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CDI	B-Device
450	O
player	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
budget	O
model	O
designed	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
game	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
500	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
550	O
model	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
450	O
with	O
an	O
installed	O
digital	O
video	O
cartridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
600	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
601	O
,	O
602	O
,	O
604	O
,	O
605	O
,	O
615	O
,	O
660	O
,	O
and	O
670	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Units	O
in	O
this	O
line	O
generally	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
keyboards	B-Device
and	O
other	O
computer	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-I	B-Device
player	O
700	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
740	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
advanced	O
player	O
and	O
featuring	O
an	O
RS-232	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
also	O
exist	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
hard-to-categorize	O
models	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
FW380i	O
,	O
an	O
integrated	O
mini-stereo	O
and	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
;	O
the	O
21TCDi30	O
,	O
a	O
television	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
CD-i	B-Device
device	O
;	O
the	O
CD-i/PC	O
2.0	O
,	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
module	O
with	O
an	O
ISA	B-Architecture
interface	O
for	O
IBM-compatible	O
486	O
PCs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
Philips	O
,	O
several	O
manufacturers	O
produced	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
still	O
on	O
sale	O
years	O
after	O
Philips	O
itself	O
abandoned	O
the	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maspro	O
Denkoh	O
released	O
a	O
GPS	O
car	O
navigation	O
system	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
produced	O
two	O
models	O
branded	O
Intelligent	O
Discman	O
,	O
a	O
hybrid	O
home/portable	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
released	O
in	O
1990-1991	O
for	O
professional	O
use	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manna	O
Space	O
branded	O
CD-i	B-Device
models	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
Magnavox	O
's	O
or	O
GoldStar	O
's	O
version	O
of	O
Philips	B-Device
CDI	I-Device
450	O
)	O
were	O
made	O
for	O
a	O
Japanese	O
travel	O
agency	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bang	O
&	O
Olufsen	O
,	O
who	O
produced	O
a	O
high-end	O
television	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
CD-i	B-Device
device	O
(	O
Beocenter	O
AV5	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
from	O
1997-2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
actual	O
commercial	O
debut	O
of	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
format	O
,	O
some	O
other	O
companies	O
had	O
interest	O
in	O
building	O
players	O
and	O
some	O
made	O
prototypes	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
never	O
released	O
–	O
this	O
includes	O
Panasonic	O
(	O
who	O
were	O
originally	O
a	O
major	O
backer	O
of	O
the	O
format	O
)	O
,	O
Pioneer	O
,	O
JVC	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
,	O
Epson	O
,	O
Ricoh	O
,	O
Fujitsu	O
,	O
Samsung	O
and	O
Yamaha	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Sanyo	O
showed	O
a	O
prototype	O
portable	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
concept	O
,	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
network	O
such	O
as	O
PSTN	O
or	O
Internet	O
,	O
enabling	O
data-communication	O
and	O
rich	O
media	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
services	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
devices	O
were	O
facilitated	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
additional	O
hardware	O
modem	B-Application
and	O
"	O
CD-Online	O
"	O
disc	O
(	O
renamed	O
Web-i	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
Philips	O
initially	O
released	O
in	O
Britain	O
in	O
1995	O
for	O
$150	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
provided	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
with	O
full	O
internet	O
access	O
(	O
with	O
a	O
14.4k	O
modem	B-Application
)	O
,	O
including	O
online	O
shopping	O
,	O
email	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
networked	O
multiplayer	O
gaming	O
on	O
select	O
CD-i	B-Device
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
required	O
a	O
CD-i	B-Device
player	O
with	O
DV	O
cartridge	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
"	O
Internet	O
Starter	O
Kit	O
"	O
which	O
initially	O
retailed	O
for	O
£99.99	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andy	O
Stout	O
,	O
a	O
writer	O
for	O
the	O
official	O
CD-i	B-Device
magazine	O
,	O
explained	O
CD-Online	O
:	O
The	O
CD-Online	O
service	O
went	O
live	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
1995	O
and	O
in	O
March	O
1996	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
(	O
for	O
399	O
guilders	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
released	O
in	O
Belgium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
domain	O
cd-online.co.uk,	O
which	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
British	O
CD-Online	O
service	O
,	O
went	O
offline	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dutch	O
domain	O
cd-online.nl	O
stopped	O
updating	O
too	O
but	O
remained	O
online	O
until	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
one	O
game	O
was	O
released	O
that	O
supported	O
CD-Online	O
,	O
the	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
game	O
RAM	B-Architecture
Raid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
had	O
invested	O
heavily	O
in	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
format	O
and	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
often	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
Commodore	B-Device
CDTV	I-Device
as	O
a	O
single	O
combination	O
of	O
computer	O
,	O
CD	B-Device
,	O
and	O
television	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
Peugeot	O
used	O
CD-i	B-Device
for	O
its	O
point	O
of	O
sale	O
application	O
promoting	O
its	O
then-new	O
605	O
automobile	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
used	O
by	O
fellow	O
car	O
manufacturer	O
Renault	O
for	O
staff	O
training	O
programmes	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Japan	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Trade	O
and	O
Industry	O
for	O
an	O
exhibition	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Philips	O
executive	O
,	O
Gaston	O
Bastiaens	O
,	O
quoted	O
in	O
1990	O
"	O
CD-I	B-Device
will	O
be	O
'	O
the	O
medium	O
 '	O
for	O
entertainment	O
,	O
education	O
and	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
90	O
's	O
.	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
introduced	O
its	O
three	O
portable	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
in	O
June	O
1990	O
,	O
pitching	O
them	O
as	O
"	O
picture	O
books	O
with	O
sound	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ambitious	O
CD-i	B-Device
format	O
had	O
initially	O
created	O
much	O
interest	O
after	O
its	O
1986	O
announcement	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
west	O
and	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
buoyed	O
by	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
CD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	O
Arts	O
for	O
instance	O
was	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
CD-i	B-Device
and	O
formed	O
a	O
division	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
video	O
game	O
titles	O
on	O
the	O
format	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
eventually	O
halted	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
resuming	O
when	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
would	O
reach	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
eventually	O
never	O
resumed	O
CD-i	B-Device
software	O
development	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
delay	O
also	O
gave	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
hyped	O
Digital	B-Algorithm
Video	I-Algorithm
Interactive	I-Algorithm
(	O
DVI	O
)	O
in	O
1987	O
,	O
which	O
demonstrated	O
full	O
screen	O
,	O
full	B-Application
motion	I-Application
video	I-Application
(	O
FMV	B-Application
)	O
using	O
a	O
compression	O
chip	O
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC/AT	I-Operating_System
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amid	O
the	O
attention	O
around	O
its	O
potential	O
rival	O
DVI	O
,	O
Philips	O
and	O
Sony	O
decided	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
add	O
full	O
screen	O
FMV	B-Application
abilities	O
to	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
standard	O
,	O
causing	O
further	O
delay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
Microsoft-backed	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
standard	O
was	O
improving	O
and	O
solved	O
certain	O
video	O
playback	O
issues	O
that	O
were	O
present	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
–	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
format	O
products	O
were	O
already	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
standard	O
benefited	O
from	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
and	O
DVI	O
mishaps	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
for	O
consumers	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
had	O
already	O
become	O
known	O
and	O
established	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ron	O
Gilbert	O
commented	O
in	O
early	O
1990	O
"	O
The	O
CD-I	B-Device
specifications	O
look	O
great	O
,	O
but	O
where	O
are	O
the	O
machines	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
reason	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
fading	O
interest	O
pre-launch	O
was	O
the	O
fact	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
would	O
not	O
launch	O
with	O
FMV	B-Application
but	O
instead	O
receive	O
it	O
later	O
through	O
a	O
purchasable	O
add-on	O
cartridge	O
(	O
it	O
was	O
originally	O
expected	O
to	O
come	O
built-in	O
)	O
–	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
obsolete	O
Motorola	O
processor	O
,	O
OS-9	B-Operating_System
software	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
launch	O
price	O
considered	O
high	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Philips	O
had	O
aggressively	O
promoted	O
their	O
CD-i	B-Device
products	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
,	O
by	O
August	O
1993	O
Computer	O
Gaming	O
World	O
reported	O
that	O
"	O
skepticism	O
persists	O
about	O
its	O
long-term	O
prospects	O
"	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
platforms	O
like	O
IBM	O
PC	B-Device
compatibles	O
,	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
Genesis	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
stated	O
in	O
January	O
1994	O
that	O
despite	O
Philips	O
 '	O
new	O
emphasis	O
on	O
games	O
"	O
CD-i	B-Device
is	O
still	O
not	O
the	O
answer	O
for	O
hardcore	O
gamers	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
console	O
"	O
may	O
yet	O
surprise	O
us	O
all	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
recommended	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
with	O
video	O
cartridge	O
for	O
those	O
needing	O
to	O
buy	O
a	O
new	O
console	O
as	O
"	O
The	O
price	O
is	O
right	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
more	O
software	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
3DO	B-Device
Interactive	I-Device
Multiplayer	I-Device
was	O
probably	O
better	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
could	O
wait	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Electronic	O
Entertainment	O
August	O
1994	O
issue	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
,	O
neither	O
have	O
an	O
"	O
effective	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
innovative	O
"	O
game	O
library	O
to	O
compete	O
against	O
the	O
then	O
newly	O
released	O
Sega	B-Device
CD	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
being	O
outsold	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
cheaper	O
multimedia	O
PCs	B-Device
,	O
in	O
1994	O
Philips	O
attempted	O
to	O
emphasize	O
CD-i	B-Device
as	O
a	O
game	O
playing	O
machine	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
did	O
not	O
help	O
the	O
situation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
1995	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
in	O
GamePro	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
inconsistent	O
game	O
quality	O
puts	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
at	O
a	O
disadvantage	O
against	O
other	O
high-powered	O
game	O
producers.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
late	O
1995	O
review	O
in	O
Next	O
Generation	O
criticized	O
both	O
Philips	O
's	O
approach	O
to	O
marketing	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
and	O
the	O
hardware	O
itself	O
(	O
"	O
The	O
unit	O
excels	O
at	O
practically	O
nothing	O
except	O
FMV	B-Application
,	O
and	O
then	O
only	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
$200	O
digital	O
video	O
cartridge	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
noted	O
that	O
while	O
Philips	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
officially	O
discontinued	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
dead	O
for	O
all	O
intents	O
and	O
purposes	O
,	O
citing	O
as	O
evidence	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
though	O
Philips	O
had	O
a	O
large	O
booth	O
at	O
the	O
1995	O
Electronic	O
Entertainment	O
Expo	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
CD-i	B-Device
hardware	O
or	O
software	O
on	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
trouble	O
for	O
Philips	O
in	O
1995	O
was	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
HDCD	O
,	O
which	O
promised	O
better	O
quality	O
video	O
compared	O
to	O
Video	O
CD	B-Device
's	O
(	O
VCD	O
)	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
compression	O
method	O
–	O
Philips	O
had	O
heavily	O
promoted	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
'	O
s	O
VCD	O
playing	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
Media	O
consolidated	O
its	O
CD-i	B-Device
activities	O
from	O
its	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
office	O
in	O
March	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1994	O
,	O
Philips	O
claimed	O
an	O
installed	B-Operating_System
base	I-Operating_System
of	O
one	O
million	O
units	O
for	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
about	O
60,000	O
CD-i	B-Device
players	O
were	O
sold	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
December	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
extensively	O
marketed	O
by	O
Philips	O
,	O
notably	O
via	O
infomercial	O
,	O
consumer	O
interest	O
in	O
CD-i	B-Device
titles	O
remained	O
low	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1994	O
,	O
sales	O
of	O
CD-i	B-Device
systems	O
had	O
begun	O
to	O
slow	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1998	O
the	O
product	O
line	O
was	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plans	O
for	O
a	O
second	O
generation	O
CD-i	B-Device
system	O
were	O
certainly	O
present	O
and	O
Argonaut	O
Software	O
was	O
even	O
designated	O
to	O
design	O
chip	O
sets	O
for	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dutch	O
half	O
of	O
Philips	O
Media	O
was	O
sold	O
to	O
Softmachine	O
,	O
which	O
released	O
The	O
Lost	O
Ride	O
on	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
as	O
the	O
last	O
product	O
for	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Philips	O
then	O
also	O
sold	O
its	O
French	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
gaming	O
subsidiary	O
,	O
Philips	O
Media	O
BV	O
,	O
to	O
French	O
publisher	O
Infogrames	O
in	O
1997	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
CD-i	B-Device
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
add-on	O
for	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
announced	O
for	O
development	O
with	O
Nintendo	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
was	O
never	O
made	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
CD-i	B-Device
game	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
Infogrames	O
,	O
who	O
released	O
Solar	B-Application
Crusade	I-Application
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
its	O
discontinuation	O
,	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
was	O
overwhelmingly	O
panned	O
by	O
critics	O
who	O
blasted	O
its	O
graphics	O
,	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
CEO	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
admitted	O
that	O
initially	O
he	O
"	O
was	O
worried	O
"	O
about	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
due	O
to	O
Philips	O
 '	O
heavy	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
device	O
and	O
its	O
two-pronged	O
attack	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
games	O
console	O
and	O
PC	B-Device
markets	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
in	O
retrospect	O
,	O
"	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
kind	O
of	O
basically	O
got	O
caught	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
terrible	O
game	O
machine	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
terrible	O
PC.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CD-i	B-Device
'	O
s	O
various	O
controllers	O
were	O
ranked	O
the	O
fifth	O
worst	O
video	O
game	O
controller	O
by	O
IGN	O
editor	O
Craig	O
Harris	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC	B-Device
World	O
ranked	O
it	O
as	O
fourth	O
on	O
their	O
list	O
of	O
"	O
The	O
10	O
Worst	O
Video	O
Game	O
Systems	O
of	O
All	O
Time	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
GameTrailers	O
ranked	O
the	O
Philips	B-Device
CD-i	I-Device
as	O
the	O
fourth	O
worst	O
console	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
in	O
its	O
Top	O
10	O
Worst	O
Console	O
lineup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
later	O
retrospective	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
has	O
become	O
(	O
infamously	O
)	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
Nintendo-licensed	O
The	B-Application
Legend	I-Application
of	I-Application
Zelda	I-Application
series	I-Application
,	O
considered	O
by	O
many	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
poor	O
taste	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
that	O
were	O
most	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
include	O
Hotel	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
,	O
Link	O
:	O
The	O
Faces	O
of	O
Evil	O
,	O
Zelda	B-Application
:	O
The	O
Wand	O
of	O
Gamelon	O
,	O
and	O
Zelda	B-Application
's	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Burn:Cycle	B-Device
was	O
positively	O
received	O
by	O
critics	O
and	O
has	O
often	O
been	O
held	O
up	O
as	O
the	O
standout	O
title	O
for	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
.	O
</s>
