<s>
Concise	O
Binary	O
Object	O
Representation	O
(	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
binary	O
data	B-Application
serialization	I-Application
format	O
loosely	O
based	O
on	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
authored	O
by	O
C	O
.	O
Bormann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
it	O
allows	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
data	O
objects	O
that	O
contain	O
name	B-Application
–	I-Application
value	I-Application
pairs	I-Application
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
concise	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
increases	O
processing	O
and	O
transfer	O
speeds	O
at	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
human	B-General_Concept
readability	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amongst	O
other	O
uses	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
recommended	O
data	B-Application
serialization	I-Application
layer	O
for	O
the	O
CoAP	B-Device
Internet	O
of	O
Things	O
protocol	O
suite	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
format	O
on	O
which	O
COSE	O
messages	O
are	O
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CBOR	B-Protocol
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
MessagePack	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
promoted	O
by	O
Sadayuki	O
Furuhashi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CBOR	B-Protocol
extended	O
MessagePack	B-Protocol
,	O
particularly	O
by	O
allowing	O
to	O
distinguish	O
text	O
strings	O
from	O
byte	O
strings	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
2013	O
in	O
MessagePack	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
CBOR	B-Protocol
encoded	O
data	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
stream	O
of	O
data	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CBOR	B-Protocol
dataData	O
item	O
1Data	O
item	O
2Data	O
item	O
3	O
...	O
Byte	O
count1	O
byte	O
(	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
data	O
item	O
header	O
)	O
VariableVariable1	O
byte	O
(	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
data	O
item	O
header	O
)	O
VariableVariableetc	O
...	O
StructureMajor	O
typeShort	O
countExtended	O
count	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
Data	O
payload	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
Major	O
typeShort	O
countExtended	O
count	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
Data	O
payload	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
etc	O
...	O
Bit	O
count3	O
Bits5	O
Bits8	O
Bits	O
×	O
variable8	O
Bits	O
×	O
variable3	O
Bits5	O
Bits8	O
Bits	O
×	O
variable8	O
Bits	O
×	O
variableetc	O
..	O
</s>
<s>
Type	O
5	O
is	O
similar	O
but	O
encodes	O
a	O
map	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
a	O
dictionary	O
,	O
or	O
associative	O
array	O
)	O
of	O
key/value	B-Application
pairs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
tag	O
of	O
1	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
following	O
number	O
is	O
a	O
Unix	B-Operating_System
time	I-Operating_System
value	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
tag	O
of	O
2	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
following	O
byte	O
string	O
encodes	O
an	O
unsigned	O
bignum	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
tag	O
of	O
32	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
following	O
text	O
string	O
is	O
a	O
URI	B-Protocol
as	O
defined	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tag	O
55799	O
is	O
allocated	O
to	O
mean	O
"	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
data	O
follows	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
semantic	O
no-op	B-Language
,	O
but	O
allows	O
the	O
corresponding	O
tag	O
bytes	O
d9	O
d9	O
f7	O
to	O
be	O
prepended	O
to	O
a	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
file	O
without	O
affecting	O
its	O
meaning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
bytes	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
magic	O
number	O
"	O
to	O
distinguish	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
all-ones	O
tag	O
values	O
0xffff	O
,	O
0xffffffff	O
and	O
0xffffffffffffffff	O
are	O
reserved	O
to	O
indicate	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
tag	O
in	O
a	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
decoding	O
library	O
;	O
they	O
should	O
never	O
appear	O
in	O
a	O
data	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
values	O
2023	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
encode	O
the	O
special	O
values	O
false	O
,	O
true	O
,	O
null	O
,	O
and	O
undefined	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
IANA	O
has	O
created	O
the	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
tags	O
registry	O
,	O
located	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Primary	O
author	O
Language	O
License	B-License
Source	O
Remarks	O
cbor	B-Protocol
Kyunghwan	O
Kwon	O
C	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/mononn/cbor	O
QCBOR	O
Laurence	O
Lundblade	O
C	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/laurencelundblade/QCBOR	O
cbor-js	O
Patrick	O
Gansterer	O
JavaScript	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/paroga/cbor-js	O
node-cbor	O
Joe	O
Hildebrand	O
JavaScript	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/hildjj/node-cbor	O
CBOREncode	O
Pavel	O
Gulbin	O
PHP	O
PHP	O
https://github.com/2tvenom/CBOREncode	O
cbor-php	O
Florent	O
Morselli	O
PHP	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/Spomky-Labs/cbor-php	O
fxamacker/cbor	O
Faye	O
Amacker	O
Go	O
MIT	O
https://github.com/fxamacker/cbor	O
Fuzz	O
tested	O
,	O
RFC	O
8949	O
,	O
CBOR	B-Protocol
tags	O
,	O
Core	O
Deterministic	O
Encoding	O
,	O
float64/32/16	O
,	O
duplicate	O
map	O
key	O
detection	O
,	O
API	O
is	O
encoding/json	O
+	O
toarray	O
&	O
keyasint	O
struct	O
tags	O
,	O
etc.cbor	O
Pavel	O
Gulbin	O
Go	O
WTFPL	B-License
https://github.com/2tvenom/cbor	O
cbor_go	O
Brian	O
Olson	O
Go	O
APL	O
2.0	O
https://github.com/brianolson/cbor_go	O
go-codec	O
Ugorji	O
Nwoke	O
Go	O
MIT	O
https://godoc.org/github.com/ugorji/go/codec	O
Also	O
handles	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
,	O
MsgPack	B-Protocol
and	O
BinC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carsten	O
BormannRubyAPL	O
2.0https://github.com/cabo/cbor	O
-rubylibcbor-rubyPavel	O
KalvodaRubyMIThttps://github.com/PJK/libcbor	O
-rubyBinding	O
to	O
libcbor.cbor-erlangJihyun	O
YuErlang	O
-3-clausehttps://github.com/yjh0502/cbor	O
-erlangexcborCarsten	O
BormannElixirhttps://github.com/cabo/excbororsettoJames	O
WoodyattOCaml	O
-2-clausehttps://bitbucket.org/jhw/orsetto/also	O
handles	O
other	O
formats	O
(	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
,	O
Base32	O
,	O
Base64	B-Protocol
,	O
URI	B-Protocol
,	O
TAI64	O
)	O
cborygrekOCamlMIThttps://github.com/ygrek/ocaml	O
-cborCBORR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sandro	O
HawkeJavaScriptMIThttps://github.com/sandhawke/borc	O
-refsFork	O
of	O
borc.CBORPeter	O
OccilC	O
#Public	O
domain	O
softwarehttps://github.com/peteroupc/CBORAlso	O
handles	O
JSON.Dahomey.CborMichaël	O
CatanzaritiC	O
#MIT	O
Licensehttps://github.com/dahomey-technologies/Dahomey.CborJacksonTatu	O
SalorantaJavaAPL-2.0https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-dataformats-binary/tree/master/cborAlso	O
handles	O
other	O
formats.cbor-javaConstantin	O
RackJavaAPL-2.0https://github.com/c-rack/cbor	O
-javajacobJ.W.	O
</s>
