<s>
CALO	B-General_Concept
was	O
an	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
project	I-Application
that	O
attempted	O
to	O
integrate	O
numerous	O
AI	O
technologies	O
into	O
a	O
cognitive	B-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
CALO	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
"	O
Cognitive	B-General_Concept
Assistant	I-General_Concept
that	I-General_Concept
Learns	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
Organizes	I-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Latin	O
word	O
"	O
Calo	B-General_Concept
"	O
which	O
means	O
"	O
soldier	O
’s	O
servant	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
effort	O
has	O
had	O
many	O
major	O
spin-offs	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
the	O
Siri	B-Application
intelligent	B-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
that	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
iOS	I-Operating_System
since	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
,	O
delivered	O
in	O
several	O
phones	O
and	O
tablets	O
;	O
Social	O
Kinetics	O
,	O
a	O
social	O
application	O
that	O
learned	O
personalized	O
intervention	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
for	O
chronic	O
disease	O
patients	O
,	O
sold	O
to	O
RedBrick	O
Health	O
;	O
the	O
Trapit	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
web	B-Application
scraper	I-Application
and	O
news	B-Application
aggregator	I-Application
that	O
makes	O
intelligent	O
selections	O
of	O
web	O
content	O
based	O
on	O
user	O
preferences	O
;	O
Tempo	B-Application
AI	I-Application
,	O
a	O
smart	O
calendar	O
;	O
Desti	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
personalized	O
travel	O
guide	O
;	O
and	O
Kuato	B-Application
Studios	I-Application
,	O
a	O
game	O
development	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CALO	B-General_Concept
was	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
Defense	O
Advanced	O
Research	O
Projects	O
Agency	O
(	O
DARPA	O
)	O
under	O
its	O
Personalized	O
Assistant	O
that	O
Learns	O
(	O
PAL	O
)	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DARPA	O
's	O
five-year	O
contract	O
brought	O
together	O
over	O
300	O
researchers	O
from	O
25	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
university	O
and	O
commercial	O
research	O
institutions	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
building	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
cognitive	B-Protocol
assistants	I-Protocol
that	O
can	O
reason	O
,	O
learn	O
from	O
experience	O
,	O
be	O
told	O
what	O
to	O
do	O
,	O
explain	O
what	O
they	O
are	O
doing	O
,	O
reflect	O
on	O
their	O
experience	O
,	O
and	O
respond	O
robustly	O
to	O
surprise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CALO	B-General_Concept
assists	O
its	O
user	O
with	O
six	O
high-level	O
functions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Organizing	O
and	O
Prioritizing	O
Information	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
user	O
works	O
with	O
email	O
,	O
appointments	O
,	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
,	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
uses	O
machine	O
learning	O
algorithms	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
queryable	O
model	O
of	O
who	O
works	O
on	O
which	O
projects	O
,	O
what	O
role	O
they	O
play	O
,	O
how	O
important	O
they	O
are	O
,	O
how	O
documents	O
and	O
deliverables	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Preparing	O
Information	O
Artifacts	O
:	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
can	O
help	O
its	O
user	O
put	O
together	O
new	O
documents	O
such	O
as	O
PowerPoint	O
presentations	O
,	O
leveraging	O
learning	O
about	O
structure	O
and	O
content	O
from	O
previous	O
documents	O
accessed	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mediating	O
Human	O
Communications	O
:	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
provides	O
assistance	O
as	O
its	O
user	O
interacts	O
with	O
other	O
people	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
electronic	O
forums	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
given	O
access	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
a	O
meeting	O
,	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
automatically	O
generates	O
a	O
meeting	O
transcript	O
,	O
tracks	O
action	O
item	O
assignments	O
,	O
detects	O
roles	O
of	O
participants	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CALO	B-General_Concept
can	O
also	O
put	O
together	O
a	O
"	O
PrepPak	O
"	O
for	O
a	O
meeting	O
containing	O
information	O
to	O
read	O
ahead	O
of	O
time	O
or	O
have	O
at	O
your	O
fingertips	O
as	O
the	O
meeting	O
progresses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Task	O
Management	O
:	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
can	O
automate	O
routine	O
tasks	O
for	O
you	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Scheduling	O
and	O
Reasoning	O
in	O
Time	O
:	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
can	O
learn	O
your	O
preferences	O
for	O
when	O
you	O
need	O
things	O
done	O
by	O
,	O
and	O
help	O
you	O
manage	O
your	O
busy	O
schedule	O
(	O
PTIME	O
published	O
in	O
ACM	O
TIST	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resource	O
allocation	O
:	O
As	O
part	O
of	O
Task	O
management	O
,	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
can	O
learn	O
to	O
acquire	O
new	O
resources	O
(	O
electronic	O
services	O
and	O
real-world	O
people	O
)	O
to	O
help	O
get	O
a	O
job	O
done	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
system	O
,	O
after	O
living	O
with	O
its	O
user	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
is	O
given	O
an	O
achievement-style	O
test	O
of	O
153	O
"	O
administration	O
assistant	O
"	O
questions	O
,	O
primarily	O
focused	O
on	O
what	O
it	O
has	O
learned	O
about	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evaluators	O
measure	O
how	O
well	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
's	O
performance	O
on	O
these	O
questions	O
improves	O
year-over-year	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
much	O
of	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
's	O
performance	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
"	O
learning	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
"	O
(	O
new	O
knowledge	O
,	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
inferences	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
acquire	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
function	O
or	O
knowledge	O
hard-wired	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
by	O
a	O
developer	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SRI	O
International	O
made	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
successful	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
reasoning	O
technologies	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
PAL	O
program	O
,	O
primarily	O
from	O
the	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
project	O
,	O
available	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PAL	O
capabilities	O
were	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
US	O
Army	O
's	O
CPOF	B-Protocol
command	O
and	O
control	O
system	O
and	O
fielded	O
to	O
Iraq	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first	O
four	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
CALO-funded	O
research	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
five	O
hundred	O
publications	O
across	O
all	O
fields	O
of	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Design	O
and	O
Implementation	O
of	O
the	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
Query	O
Manager	O
,	O
Jose-Luis	O
Ambite	O
,	O
Vinay	O
K	O
.	O
Chaudhri	O
,	O
Richard	O
Fikes	O
,	O
Jessica	O
Jenkins	O
,	O
Sunil	O
Mishra	O
,	O
Maria	O
Muslea	O
,	O
Tomas	O
Uribe	O
,	O
Guizhen	O
Yang	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Task	O
Management	O
under	O
Change	O
and	O
Uncertainty	O
:	O
Constraint	O
Solving	O
Experience	O
with	O
the	O
CALO	B-General_Concept
Project	O
,	O
P	O
.	O
Berry	O
,	O
K	O
.	O
Myers	O
,	O
T	O
.	O
Uribe	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
.	O
Yorke-Smith	O
.	O
</s>
