<s>
A	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
or	O
defect	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
a	O
software	B-Application
application	I-Application
that	O
keeps	O
track	O
of	O
reported	O
software	B-Error_Name
bugs	I-Error_Name
in	O
software	O
development	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
may	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
issue	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
used	O
by	O
most	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
projects	O
,	O
allow	O
end-users	O
to	O
enter	O
bug	B-Application
reports	I-Application
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
are	O
integrated	O
with	O
other	O
project	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
usually	O
a	O
necessary	O
component	O
of	O
a	O
professional	O
software	O
development	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
consistent	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
or	O
issue	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
a	O
good	O
software	O
team	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
a	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
a	O
database	O
that	O
records	O
facts	O
about	O
known	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facts	O
may	O
include	O
the	O
time	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
was	O
reported	O
,	O
its	O
severity	O
,	O
the	O
erroneous	B-Language
program	I-Language
behavior	O
,	O
and	O
details	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
;	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
reported	O
it	O
and	O
any	O
programmers	O
who	O
may	O
be	O
working	O
on	O
fixing	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
support	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
for	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
which	O
is	O
tracked	O
through	O
the	O
status	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
system	I-Application
should	O
allow	O
administrators	O
to	O
configure	O
permissions	O
based	O
on	O
status	O
,	O
move	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
to	O
another	O
status	O
,	O
or	O
delete	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
should	O
also	O
allow	O
administrators	O
to	O
configure	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
statuses	O
and	O
to	O
what	O
extent	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
in	O
a	O
particular	O
status	O
can	O
be	O
moved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
bug-tracking	B-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
clear	O
centralized	O
overview	O
of	O
development	O
requests	O
(	O
including	O
both	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
and	O
improvements	O
;	O
the	O
boundary	O
is	O
often	O
fuzzy	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
corporate	O
environment	O
,	O
a	O
bug-tracking	B-Application
system	I-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
productivity	O
of	O
programmers	O
at	O
fixing	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
this	O
may	O
sometimes	O
yield	O
inaccurate	O
results	O
because	O
different	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
may	O
have	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
severity	O
and	O
complexity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
severity	O
of	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
may	O
not	O
be	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
fixing	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
local	O
bug	B-Application
tracker	I-Application
(	O
LBT	O
)	O
is	O
usually	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
used	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
application	O
support	O
professionals	O
(	O
often	O
a	O
help	O
desk	O
)	O
to	O
keep	O
track	O
of	O
issues	O
communicated	O
to	O
software	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
an	O
LBT	O
allows	O
support	O
professionals	O
to	O
track	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
in	O
their	O
"	O
own	O
language	O
"	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
"	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
developers.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Bug	B-Error_Name
and	O
issue	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
are	O
often	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
integrated	O
project	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
approach	O
allows	O
including	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
and	O
fixing	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
product	O
development	O
process	O
,	O
fixing	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
in	O
several	O
product	O
versions	O
,	O
automatic	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
product	O
knowledge	O
base	O
and	O
release	O
notes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
bug	B-Application
trackers	I-Application
are	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
distributed	B-Protocol
revision	I-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
distributed	O
bug	B-Application
trackers	I-Application
allow	O
bug	B-Application
reports	I-Application
to	O
be	O
conveniently	O
read	O
,	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
database	O
or	O
updated	O
while	O
a	O
developer	O
is	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fossil	B-Protocol
and	O
Veracity	O
both	O
include	O
distributed	O
bug	B-Application
trackers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
,	O
commercial	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
have	O
also	O
begun	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
distributed	B-Protocol
version	I-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FogBugz	B-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
enables	O
this	O
functionality	O
via	O
the	O
source-control	O
tool	O
,	O
Kiln	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
wikis	B-Protocol
and	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
are	O
conventionally	O
viewed	O
as	O
distinct	O
types	O
of	O
software	O
,	O
ikiwiki	B-Protocol
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
distributed	O
bug	B-Application
tracker	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
its	O
query	O
functionality	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
advanced	O
or	O
as	O
user-friendly	O
as	O
some	O
other	O
,	O
non-distributed	O
bug	B-Application
trackers	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Bugzilla	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
statements	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
about	O
org-mode	B-Operating_System
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
wiki	B-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
as	O
such	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
traditional	O
test	B-Application
management	I-Application
tools	I-Application
such	O
as	O
HP	B-Application
Quality	I-Application
Center	I-Application
and	O
IBM	O
Rational	O
Quality	O
Manager	O
come	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
other	O
tools	O
integrate	O
with	O
popular	O
bug	B-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
