<s>
Bubble	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
bubbles	O
in	O
fluid	O
filled	O
tubes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
type	O
of	O
sensors	O
used	O
are	O
ultrasonic	B-Algorithm
or	O
capacitor	O
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasonic	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
use	O
two	O
techniques	O
to	O
detect	O
bubbles	O
,	O
one	O
method	O
involves	O
transmitting	O
sound	O
waves	O
from	O
a	O
transducer	O
through	O
the	O
fluid	O
to	O
a	O
second	O
transducer	O
that	O
detects	O
the	O
waves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
second	O
method	O
involves	O
pulse-echo	B-Algorithm
,	O
sound	O
waves	O
are	O
transmitted	O
to	O
the	O
fluid	O
,	O
reflected	O
and	O
received	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
transmitter	O
that	O
sent	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capacitive	B-Device
sensors	I-Device
due	O
to	O
their	O
ease	O
of	O
fabrication	O
and	O
minimization	O
capability	O
have	O
found	O
uses	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
industries	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
designed	O
on	O
a	O
printed	O
circuit	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Table	O
1	O
shows	O
a	O
characteristics	O
of	O
capacitive	B-Device
sensor	I-Device
from	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
ECBC	O
the	O
bubble	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
arterial	O
pump	O
that	O
is	O
supplying	O
the	O
blood	O
to	O
the	O
heart	O
.	O
</s>
