<s>
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
collective	O
communication	O
primitive	O
in	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
programming	I-Operating_System
to	O
distribute	O
programming	O
instructions	O
or	O
data	O
to	O
nodes	O
in	O
a	O
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
operation	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
parallel	O
algorithms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
matrix-vector	O
multiplication	O
,	O
Gaussian	B-Algorithm
elimination	I-Algorithm
and	O
shortest	O
paths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Message	B-Application
Passing	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
implements	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
in	O
MPI_Bcast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Binomial	O
Tree	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
the	O
whole	O
message	O
is	O
sent	O
at	O
once	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
algorithm	O
combines	O
Binomial	O
Tree	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
and	O
Linear	O
Pipeline	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
algorithm	O
work	O
well	O
for	O
both	O
short	O
and	O
long	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
roots	O
of	O
ESBTs	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
data	O
with	O
binomial	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
total	O
steps	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
message	O
through	O
ESBT	O
.	O
</s>
