<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
bridging	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
is	O
an	O
abstract	O
model	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
conceptual	O
bridge	O
between	O
the	O
physical	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
and	O
the	O
abstraction	O
available	O
to	O
a	O
programmer	B-Application
of	O
that	O
machine	O
;	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
common	O
level	O
of	O
understanding	O
between	O
hardware	B-Architecture
and	O
software	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
successful	O
bridging	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
is	O
one	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
implemented	O
in	O
reality	O
and	O
efficiently	O
targeted	O
by	O
programmers	B-Application
;	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
possible	O
for	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
to	O
produce	O
good	O
code	O
from	O
a	O
typical	O
high-level	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Leslie	O
Valiant	O
's	O
1990	O
paper	O
A	O
Bridging	B-Architecture
Model	I-Architecture
for	O
Parallel	B-Operating_System
Computation	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
argued	O
that	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
was	O
largely	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
computing	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
paper	O
goes	O
on	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
bulk	B-Application
synchronous	I-Application
parallel	I-Application
model	O
as	O
an	O
analogous	O
model	O
for	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
