<s>
In	O
medicine	O
,	O
breast	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
sub-speciality	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
radiology	O
that	O
involves	O
imaging	O
of	O
the	O
breasts	O
for	O
screening	O
or	O
diagnostic	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
methods	O
of	O
breast	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
technologies	O
as	O
described	O
in	O
detail	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditional	O
screening	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
mammography	O
(	O
"	O
2D	O
mammography	O
"	O
)	O
uses	O
x-ray	B-Library
technology	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
mainstay	O
of	O
breast	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
for	O
many	O
decades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Breast	O
tomosynthesis	O
(	O
"	O
3D	O
mammography	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
digital	O
x-ray	B-Library
mammography	O
technique	O
that	O
produces	O
multiple	O
image	O
slices	O
of	O
the	O
breast	O
similar	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
distinct	O
from	O
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xeromammography	O
and	O
galactography	O
are	O
somewhat	O
outdated	O
technologies	O
that	O
also	O
use	O
x-ray	B-Library
technology	O
and	O
are	O
now	O
used	O
infrequently	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
breast	O
cancer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Breast	B-Algorithm
ultrasound	I-Algorithm
is	O
another	O
technology	O
employed	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
screening	O
that	O
can	O
help	O
differentiate	O
between	O
fluid	O
filled	O
and	O
solid	O
lesions	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
a	O
lesion	O
may	O
be	O
cancerous	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lastly	O
,	O
scintimammography	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
abnormal	O
mammograms	O
or	O
whose	O
screening	O
is	O
not	O
reliable	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
using	O
traditional	O
mammography	O
or	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mammography	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
using	O
low-energy	O
X-rays	B-Library
(	O
usually	O
around	O
30	O
kVp	O
)	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
human	O
breast	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
screening	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
biopsy	O
is	O
indicated	O
when	O
small	O
accumulations	O
of	O
calcium	O
are	O
seen	O
on	O
mammogram	O
,	O
but	O
cannot	O
be	O
felt	O
on	O
physical	O
exam	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
appear	O
on	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
to	O
understanding	O
DBT	O
is	O
analogous	O
to	O
understanding	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
an	O
x-ray	B-Library
and	O
CT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mammogram	O
usually	O
takes	O
two	O
x-rays	B-Library
of	O
each	O
breast	O
from	O
different	O
angles	O
whereas	O
digital	O
tomosynthesis	O
creates	O
a	O
3-dimensional	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
breast	O
using	O
x-rays	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
interest	O
in	O
DBT	O
is	O
in	O
breast	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
mammography	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
offers	O
better	O
detection	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
longer	O
in	O
widespread	O
use	O
,	O
xeromammography	O
is	O
a	O
photoelectric	O
method	O
of	O
recording	O
an	O
x-ray	B-Library
image	O
on	O
a	O
coated	O
metal	O
plate	O
,	O
using	O
low-energy	O
photon	B-Application
beams	O
,	O
long	O
exposure	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
dry	O
chemical	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
study	O
published	O
by	O
Schulz-Wendtland	O
R	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
investigators	O
made	O
more	O
mistakes	O
when	O
using	O
only	O
ductal	O
sonography	B-Application
compared	O
to	O
when	O
they	O
used	O
contrast-enhanced	O
galactography	O
with	O
tomosynthesis	O
which	O
allowed	O
for	O
generated	O
synthetic	O
digital	O
2D	O
full-field	O
mammograms	O
to	O
diagnose	O
suspicious	O
lesions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
available	O
literature	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
contrast-enhanced	O
breast	O
MRI	O
in	O
detection	O
of	O
cancer	O
is	O
considerably	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
either	O
radiographic	O
mammography	O
or	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
and	O
is	O
generally	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
94%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
MRI	O
Is	O
also	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
accurate	O
than	O
mammography	O
,	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
clinical	O
exam	O
in	O
evaluating	O
treatment	O
response	O
to	O
neoadjuvant	O
therapy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Breast	B-Algorithm
ultrasound	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
medical	B-Application
ultrasonography	I-Application
to	O
perform	O
imaging	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
the	I-Algorithm
breast	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Diagnostic	O
anatomic	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
looks	O
at	O
the	O
anatomy	O
whereas	O
diagnostic	O
functional	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
records	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
blood	O
flow	O
or	O
tissue	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
specific	O
functional	O
form	O
of	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
is	O
elastography	B-Algorithm
which	O
measures	O
and	O
displays	O
the	O
relative	O
elasticity	O
of	O
tissues	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
differentiate	O
tumors	O
from	O
healthy	O
tissue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
shear	O
wave	O
elastography	B-Algorithm
in	O
primary	O
invasive	O
breast	O
carcinoma	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
indicating	O
axillary	O
lymphadenopathy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasound	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
used	O
surgically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
an	O
ultrasound-guided	O
needle	O
biopsy	O
allows	O
providers	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
needle	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
directed	O
toward	O
the	O
lesion	O
of	O
concern	O
while	O
avoiding	O
other	O
critical	O
structures	O
such	O
as	O
blood	O
vessels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasound-guided	B-Application
biopsies	I-Application
have	O
also	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
decrease	O
re-excision	O
and	O
mastectomy	O
rates	O
in	O
breast	O
cancer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
recent	O
study	O
found	O
100%	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
localization	O
with	O
negative	O
margins	O
obtained	O
in	O
both	O
non-palpable	O
and	O
palpable	O
lesions	O
at	O
initial	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contrast-enhanced	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
(	O
CEUS	O
)	O
imaging	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
researched	O
and	O
shows	O
similar	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
MRI	O
in	O
detecting	O
breast	O
cancer	O
across	O
lesions	O
of	O
similar	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scintimammography	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
breast	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
test	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
cancer	O
cells	O
in	O
the	O
breasts	O
of	O
some	O
women	O
who	O
have	O
had	O
abnormal	O
mammograms	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
dense	O
breast	O
tissue	O
,	O
post-operative	O
scar	O
tissue	O
or	O
breast	O
implants	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
used	O
for	O
screening	O
or	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
a	O
mammogram	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
when	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
breast	O
abnormalities	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
or	O
not	O
reliable	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
mammography	O
and	O
ultrasound	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
scintimammography	O
procedure	O
,	O
a	O
woman	O
receives	O
an	O
injection	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
a	O
radioactive	O
substance	O
called	O
technetium	B-Algorithm
99	O
sestamibi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
diffuse	B-Algorithm
optical	I-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
,	O
still	O
within	O
the	O
research	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
