<s>
Bonnell	B-Device
is	O
a	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
microarchitecture	I-General_Concept
used	O
by	O
Intel	B-Device
Atom	I-Device
processors	O
which	O
can	O
execute	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
instructions	O
per	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
many	O
other	O
x86	B-Operating_System
microprocessors	I-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
translates	O
x86	B-Operating_System
instructions	O
(	O
CISC	B-Architecture
instructions	O
)	O
into	O
simpler	O
internal	O
operations	O
(	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
micro-ops	B-General_Concept
,	O
effectively	O
RISC	B-Architecture
style	O
instructions	O
)	O
prior	O
to	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
instructions	O
produce	O
one	O
micro-op	B-General_Concept
when	O
translated	O
,	O
with	O
around	O
4%	O
of	O
instructions	O
used	O
in	O
typical	O
programs	O
producing	O
multiple	O
micro-ops	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
instructions	O
that	O
produce	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
micro-op	B-General_Concept
is	O
significantly	O
fewer	O
than	O
the	O
P6	B-Device
and	O
NetBurst	B-Device
microarchitectures	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Bonnell	B-Device
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
internal	O
micro-ops	B-General_Concept
can	O
contain	O
both	O
a	O
memory	O
load	O
and	O
a	O
memory	O
store	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
an	O
ALU	B-General_Concept
operation	O
,	O
thus	O
being	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
level	O
and	O
more	O
powerful	O
than	O
the	O
micro-ops	B-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
previous	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
relatively	O
good	O
performance	O
with	O
only	O
two	O
integer	O
ALUs	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
any	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
reordering	I-General_Concept
,	O
speculative	B-General_Concept
execution	I-General_Concept
or	O
register	B-Architecture
renaming	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
side	O
effect	O
of	O
having	O
no	O
speculative	B-General_Concept
execution	I-General_Concept
is	O
invulnerability	O
against	O
Meltdown	B-Architecture
and	O
Spectre	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bonnell	B-Device
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
therefore	O
represents	O
a	O
partial	O
revival	O
of	O
the	O
principles	O
used	O
in	O
earlier	O
Intel	O
designs	O
such	O
as	O
P5	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
i486	B-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
the	O
sole	O
purpose	O
of	O
enhancing	O
the	O
performance	O
per	O
watt	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Hyper-Threading	B-Operating_System
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
an	O
easy	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
low-power	O
)	O
way	O
to	O
employ	O
the	O
whole	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
efficiently	O
by	O
avoiding	O
the	O
typical	O
single	B-Operating_System
thread	I-Operating_System
dependencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
2	O
March	O
2008	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
single-core	O
Atom	B-Application
Z5xx	O
series	O
processor	O
(	O
code-named	O
Silverthorne	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
ultra-mobile	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
and	O
mobile	B-Device
Internet	I-Device
devices	I-Device
(	O
MIDs	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
supersede	O
Stealey	B-Device
(	O
A100	O
and	O
A110	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Atom	B-Application
Z500	O
processor	O
's	O
dual-thread	O
performance	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
its	O
predecessor	O
Stealey	B-Device
,	O
but	O
should	O
outperform	O
it	O
on	O
applications	O
that	O
can	O
use	O
simultaneous	O
multithreading	B-Operating_System
and	O
SSE3	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
run	O
from	O
0.8	O
to	O
2.0GHz	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
between	O
0.65	O
and	O
2.4W	O
that	O
can	O
dip	O
down	O
to	O
0.01W	O
when	O
idle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processors	O
are	O
manufactured	O
in	O
45nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Poulsbo	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
System	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
Hub	I-Device
and	O
the	O
platform	O
was	O
called	O
Menlow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
2	O
March	O
2008	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
lower-power	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
Diamondville	O
CPU	O
named	O
Atom	B-Application
N2xx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
nettops	B-Protocol
and	O
the	O
Classmate	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
their	O
predecessors	O
,	O
these	O
are	O
single-core	O
CPUs	O
with	O
Hyper-Threading	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N270	O
has	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
2.5W	O
,	O
runs	O
at	O
1.6GHz	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
533MHz	O
FSB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
September	O
2008	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
64-bit	O
dual-core	O
processor	O
(	O
unofficially	O
code-named	O
Dual	O
Diamondville	O
)	O
branded	O
Atom	B-Application
330	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
desktop	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
runs	O
at	O
1.6GHz	O
and	O
has	O
an	O
FSB	O
speed	O
of	O
533MHz	O
and	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
8W	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2009	O
,	O
Nvidia	O
used	O
the	O
Atom	B-Application
300	O
and	O
their	O
GeForce	O
9400M	O
chipset	O
on	O
a	O
mini-ITX	B-Architecture
form	O
factor	O
motherboard	O
for	O
their	O
Ion	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Atom	B-Device
processor	I-Device
itself	O
is	O
relatively	O
low-power	O
for	O
an	O
x86	B-Operating_System
microprocessor	I-Operating_System
,	O
many	O
chipsets	O
commonly	O
used	O
with	O
it	O
dissipate	O
significantly	O
more	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Atom	B-Application
N270	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
netbooks	B-Device
through	O
mid-2010	O
has	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
2.5W	O
,	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
Atom	I-Device
platform	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
945GSE	O
Express	O
chipset	O
has	O
a	O
specified	O
maximum	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
of	O
11.8W	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
processor	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
relatively	O
small	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
power	O
dissipated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
US15W	O
System	O
Controller	O
Hub-based	O
chipset	O
with	O
a	O
combined	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
of	O
less	O
than	O
5W	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
Atom	B-Application
Z5xx	O
(	O
Silverthorne	O
)	O
series	O
processors	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
ultra-mobile	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
and	O
MIDs	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
have	O
released	O
ultra-thin	O
systems	O
running	O
these	O
processors	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
all	O
Atom	B-Application
motherboards	O
on	O
the	O
consumer	O
market	O
featured	O
the	O
Intel	O
945GC	O
chipset	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
22	O
watts	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
early	O
2009	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
manufacturers	O
are	O
offering	O
lower-power	O
motherboards	O
with	O
a	O
945GSE	O
or	O
US15W	O
chipset	O
and	O
an	O
Atom	B-Application
N270	O
,	O
N280	O
or	O
Z5xx	O
series	O
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intel	O
GMA	O
3150	O
,	O
a	O
45nm	B-Algorithm
shrink	O
of	O
the	O
GMA	O
3100	O
with	O
no	O
HD	O
capabilities	O
,	O
is	O
included	O
as	O
the	O
on-die	O
GPU	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netbooks	B-Device
using	O
this	O
new	O
processor	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
11	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
Atom	B-Application
was	O
codenamed	O
Pineview	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Pine	O
Trail	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Pine	O
Trail-M	O
platform	O
utilizes	O
an	O
Atom	B-Device
processor	I-Device
(	O
codenamed	O
Pineview-M	O
)	O
and	O
Platform	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
Hub	I-Device
(	O
codenamed	O
Tiger	O
Point	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
creates	O
a	O
more	O
power-efficient	O
2-chip	O
platform	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
3-chip	O
one	O
used	O
with	O
previous-generation	O
Atom	B-Application
chipsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Intel	O
introduced	O
the	O
N470	O
processor	O
,	O
running	O
at	O
1.83GHz	O
with	O
a	O
667MHz	O
FSB	O
and	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
6.5W	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
Atom	B-Application
N4xx	O
chips	O
became	O
available	O
on	O
11	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
netbook	B-Device
and	O
nettop	B-Protocol
systems	O
and	O
includes	O
an	O
integrated	O
single-channel	O
DDR2	O
memory	O
controller	O
and	O
an	O
integrated	O
graphics	B-Architecture
core	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
features	O
Hyper-Threading	B-Operating_System
and	O
is	O
manufactured	O
on	O
a	O
45nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reduced	O
overall	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
size	O
makes	O
the	O
platform	O
more	O
desirable	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
smartphones	O
and	O
other	O
mobile	B-Device
internet	I-Device
devices	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D4xx	O
and	O
D5xx	O
series	O
support	O
the	O
x86-64	B-Device
bit	O
instruction	O
set	O
and	O
DDR2-800	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
series	O
has	O
an	O
integrated	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
built	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
CPU	O
to	O
help	O
improve	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
models	O
are	O
targeted	O
at	O
nettops	B-Protocol
and	O
low-end	O
desktops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atom	B-Application
D510	O
dual-core	O
processor	O
runs	O
at	O
1.66GHz	O
,	O
with	O
1MB	O
of	O
L2	O
cache	O
and	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
13W	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
single-core	O
Atom	B-Application
D410	O
runs	O
at	O
1.66GHz	O
,	O
with	O
512KB	O
of	O
L2	O
cache	O
and	O
a	O
TDP	B-General_Concept
rating	O
of	O
10W	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tunnel	O
Creek	O
is	O
an	O
embedded	O
Atom	B-Device
processor	I-Device
used	O
in	O
the	O
Queens	O
Bay	O
platform	O
with	O
the	O
Topcliff	O
PCH	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oak	O
Trail	O
is	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
Atom	I-Device
platform	O
based	O
on	O
Moorestown	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
platforms	O
include	O
a	O
Lincroft	O
microprocessor	O
,	O
but	O
use	O
two	O
distinct	O
input/output	O
Platform	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
Hubs	I-Device
(	O
I/O	O
-PCH	O
)	O
,	O
codenamed	O
Langwell	O
and	O
Whitney	O
Point	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sodaville	O
is	O
a	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Groveland	O
is	O
a	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
32nm	B-Algorithm
shrink	O
of	O
Bonnell	B-Device
is	O
called	O
Saltwell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
released	O
their	O
third-generation	O
Cedar	O
Trail	O
platform	O
(	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
Cedarview	O
processors	O
and	O
the	O
NM10	O
southbridge	O
chip	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
32nm	B-Algorithm
process	O
technology	O
in	O
the	O
fourth	O
quarter	O
of	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cedar	O
Trail	O
platform	O
includes	O
two	O
new	O
CPUs	O
,	O
32nm-based	O
N2800	O
(	O
1.86GHz	O
)	O
and	O
N2600	O
(	O
1.6GHz	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
replace	O
the	O
previous	O
generation	O
Pineview	O
N4xx	O
and	O
N5xx	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CPUs	O
also	O
feature	O
an	O
integrated	O
GPU	B-Architecture
that	O
supports	O
DirectX9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
netbook	B-Device
platform	O
,	O
two	O
new	O
Cedarview	O
CPUs	O
for	O
nettops	B-Protocol
,	O
D2500	O
and	O
D2700	O
,	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
25	O
September	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
netbook	B-Device
processor	O
,	O
this	O
Mini-ITX	B-Architecture
motherboard	O
can	O
reach	O
idle	O
power	O
consumption	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
7.1W	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Penwell	O
is	O
an	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
that	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Medfield	O
MID/Smartphone	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Berryville	O
is	O
a	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloverview	O
is	O
an	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
that	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Clover	B-Application
Trail	I-Application
tablet	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2012	O
,	O
Intel	O
launched	O
the	O
64-bit	O
Centerton	O
family	O
of	O
Atom	B-Application
CPUs	O
,	O
designed	O
specifically	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
Bordenville	O
platform	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
the	O
32nm	B-Algorithm
Saltwell	O
architecture	O
,	O
Centerton	O
adds	O
features	O
previously	O
unavailable	O
in	O
most	O
Atom	B-Device
processors	I-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
Intel	O
VT	O
virtualization	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
ECC	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Briarwood	O
is	O
an	O
Atom	B-Application
SoC	I-Application
that	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
a	O
server	B-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
