<s>
The	O
Bolt	B-Protocol
Protocol	O
(	O
Bolt	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
connection	B-Protocol
oriented	I-Protocol
network	O
protocol	O
used	O
for	O
client-server	B-Operating_System
communication	O
in	O
database	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
operates	O
over	O
a	O
TCP	B-Protocol
connection	O
or	O
WebSocket	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bolt	B-Protocol
is	O
statement-oriented	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
client	O
to	O
send	O
messages	O
containing	O
a	O
statement	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
string	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
typed	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bolt	B-Protocol
protocol	O
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
during	O
an	O
interview	O
conducted	O
by	O
Duncan	O
Brown	O
and	O
published	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
software	O
implementing	O
the	O
protocol	O
occurred	O
in	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
milestone	O
release	O
of	O
Neo4j	B-Language
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2016	O
,	O
Neo4j	B-Language
Server	O
3.0	O
was	O
released	O
and	O
contained	O
the	O
first	O
server	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
Bolt	B-Protocol
client	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bolt	B-Protocol
clients	O
and	O
servers	O
both	O
send	O
data	O
over	O
the	O
connection	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
bytes	O
are	O
transferred	O
using	O
a	O
binary	O
chunked	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
,	O
where	O
each	O
chunk	O
is	O
preceded	O
by	O
an	O
unsigned	O
,	O
big-endian	O
16-bit	O
integer	O
denoting	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
bytes	O
that	O
immediately	O
follow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
failure	O
handling	O
and	O
recovery	O
in	O
the	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
wire	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bolt	B-Protocol
supports	O
encoding	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
