<s>
Boids	B-Application
is	O
an	O
artificial	O
life	O
program	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Craig	O
Reynolds	O
in	O
1986	O
,	O
which	O
simulates	O
the	O
flocking	O
behaviour	O
of	O
birds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
most	O
artificial	O
life	O
simulations	O
,	O
Boids	B-Application
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
emergent	O
behavior	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
Boids	B-Application
arises	O
from	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
individual	O
agents	O
(	O
the	O
boids	B-Application
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
)	O
adhering	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
simple	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rules	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
simplest	O
Boids	B-Application
world	O
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
movement	O
of	O
Boids	B-Application
can	O
be	O
characterized	O
as	O
either	O
chaotic	O
(	O
splitting	O
groups	O
and	O
wild	O
behaviour	O
)	O
or	O
orderly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
boids	B-Application
framework	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
computer	O
graphics	O
,	O
providing	O
realistic-looking	O
representations	O
of	O
flocks	O
of	O
birds	O
and	O
other	O
creatures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
schools	O
of	O
fish	O
or	O
herds	O
of	O
animals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
for	O
instance	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
1998	O
video	O
game	O
Half-Life	B-Application
for	O
the	O
flying	O
bird-like	O
creatures	O
seen	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
on	O
Xen	O
,	O
named	O
"	O
boid	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Boids	B-Application
model	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
direct	O
control	O
and	O
stabilization	O
of	O
teams	O
of	O
simple	O
unmanned	O
ground	O
vehicles	O
(	O
UGV	O
)	O
or	O
micro	O
aerial	O
vehicles	O
(	O
MAV	O
)	O
in	O
swarm	O
robotics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
animation	O
created	O
with	O
the	O
model	O
was	O
Stanley	O
and	O
Stella	O
in	O
:	O
Breaking	O
the	O
Ice	O
(	O
1987	O
)	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
feature	O
film	O
debut	O
in	O
Tim	O
Burton	O
's	O
film	O
Batman	B-Application
Returns	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
with	O
computer	O
generated	O
bat	O
swarms	O
and	O
armies	O
of	O
penguins	O
marching	O
through	O
the	O
streets	O
of	O
Gotham	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
boids	B-Application
model	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
other	O
interesting	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Biologist	O
Richard	O
Dawkins	O
references	O
the	O
Boids	B-Application
model	O
in	O
his	O
2009	O
book	O
The	O
Greatest	O
Show	O
on	O
Earth	O
:	O
The	O
Evidence	O
for	O
Evolution	O
.	O
</s>
