<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
brand	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
other	O
related	O
mobile	O
services	O
and	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
line	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
Canadian	O
company	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Research	O
In	O
Motion	O
,	O
or	O
RIM	O
)	O
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2016	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
licensed	O
to	O
various	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specializing	O
in	O
secure	O
communications	O
and	O
mobile	O
productivity	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
once	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
the	O
keyboards	O
on	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
devices	O
and	O
software	O
services	O
that	O
ran	O
through	O
its	O
own	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
its	O
peak	O
in	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
85	O
million	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
subscribers	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
lost	O
its	O
dominant	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	O
;	O
its	O
numbers	O
had	O
fallen	O
to	O
23	O
million	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
decline	O
of	O
almost	O
three-quarters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
28	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
cease	O
designing	O
its	O
own	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
licensing	O
to	O
partners	O
to	O
design	O
,	O
manufacture	O
,	O
and	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
licensors	O
were	O
BB	O
Merah	O
Putih	O
for	O
the	O
Indonesian	O
market	O
,	O
Optiemus	O
Infracom	O
for	O
the	O
South	O
Asian	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
(	O
a	O
trade	O
name	O
of	O
TCL	O
Technology	O
)	O
for	O
all	O
other	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
used	O
a	O
proprietary	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
—	O
known	O
as	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
—	O
developed	O
by	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
introduced	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
,	O
a	O
major	O
revamp	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
was	O
meant	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
aging	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
platform	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
system	O
that	O
was	O
more	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
user	O
experiences	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
began	O
releasing	O
Android-based	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Priv	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
device	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
was	O
the	O
Inter	O
@ctive	O
Pager	O
950	B-Application
,	O
on	O
August	O
26	O
,	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
very	O
first	O
device	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
name	O
was	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
850	O
,	O
an	O
email	O
pager	O
,	O
released	O
January	O
19	O
,	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
identical	O
in	O
appearance	O
to	O
the	O
950	B-Application
,	O
the	O
850	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
device	O
to	O
integrate	O
email	O
and	O
the	O
name	O
Inter	O
@ctive	O
Pager	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
used	O
to	O
brand	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
,	O
the	O
850	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1999	O
as	O
a	O
two-way	O
pager	O
in	O
Munich	O
,	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
solution	O
devised	O
by	O
RIM	O
for	O
delivering	O
e-mail	O
over	O
several	O
different	O
wireless	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
coined	O
by	O
the	O
marketing	O
company	O
Lexicon	O
Branding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
was	O
chosen	O
out	O
of	O
about	O
40	O
potential	O
names	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
resemblance	O
of	O
the	O
keyboard	O
's	O
buttons	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
drupelets	O
that	O
compose	O
the	O
blackberry	B-Operating_System
fruit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
instant	O
pronunciation	O
which	O
reflected	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
this	O
push	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
the	O
RIM	O
850	O
and	O
857	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
DataTAC	B-General_Concept
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
commonly	O
known	O
convergent	O
smartphone	B-Application
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
,	O
which	O
supports	O
push	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
,	O
mobile	O
telephone	O
,	O
text	O
messaging	O
,	O
Internet	O
faxing	O
,	O
Web	B-Application
browsing	I-Application
and	O
other	O
wireless	O
information	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
gained	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
the	O
mobile	O
industry	O
by	O
concentrating	O
on	O
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
began	O
to	O
offer	O
email	O
service	O
on	O
non-BlackBerry	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Palm	O
Treo	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
proprietary	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Connect	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
had	O
a	O
monochrome	O
display	O
while	O
newer	O
models	O
installed	O
color	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
newer	O
models	O
have	O
been	O
optimized	O
for	O
"	O
thumbing	B-Device
"	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
only	O
the	O
thumbs	O
to	O
type	O
on	O
a	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Storm	O
1	O
and	O
Storm	O
2	O
include	O
a	O
SureType	B-Application
keypad	O
for	O
typing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
trackball	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
optical	B-Device
trackpad	I-Device
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Curve	O
8500	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Z10	B-Application
and	O
Q10	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
models	O
consist	O
of	O
touch	O
screens	O
:	O
the	O
Z10	B-Application
features	O
an	O
all-touch	O
design	O
and	O
the	O
Q10	O
combines	O
a	O
QWERTY	O
keyboard	O
with	O
touchscreen	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
the	O
signature	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
contract	O
to	O
secure	O
German	O
government	O
Data	O
and	O
Voice	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Angela	O
Merkel	O
sign	O
the	O
contract	O
publicly	O
and	O
along	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Europe	O
Managing	O
Director	O
,	O
Herve	O
Liboureau	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
second	O
financial	O
quarter	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
sold	O
6.8	O
million	O
handsets	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
eclipsed	O
by	O
the	O
sales	O
of	O
competitor	O
Nokia	O
's	O
Lumia	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
12	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
the	O
intention	O
to	O
sell	O
the	O
company	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
increasingly	O
unfavourable	O
financial	O
position	O
and	O
competition	O
in	O
the	O
mobile	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Largely	O
due	O
to	O
lower	O
than	O
expected	O
sales	O
on	O
the	O
Z10	B-Application
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
on	O
September	O
20	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
that	O
4,500	O
full	O
-	O
and	O
part-time	O
positions	O
(	O
an	O
estimated	O
40%	O
of	O
its	O
operating	O
staff	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
terminated	O
and	O
its	O
product	O
line	O
has	O
been	O
reduced	O
from	O
six	O
to	O
four	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
23	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Fairfax	O
Financial	O
,	O
which	O
owns	O
a	O
10%	O
equity	O
stake	O
in	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
made	O
an	O
offer	O
to	O
acquire	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
for	O
$4.7	O
billion	O
(	O
at	O
$9.00	O
per	O
share	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
announcement	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
an	O
acceptance	O
of	O
the	O
offer	O
provisionally	O
but	O
it	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
seek	O
other	O
offers	O
until	O
November	O
4	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
4	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
replaced	O
Thorsten	O
Heins	O
with	O
new	O
interim	O
CEO	O
John	O
S	O
.	O
Chen	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
CEO	O
of	O
Sybase	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
8	O
,	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
board	O
rejected	O
proposals	O
from	O
several	O
technology	O
companies	O
for	O
various	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
assets	O
on	O
grounds	O
that	O
a	O
break-up	O
did	O
not	O
serve	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
all	O
stakeholders	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
employees	O
,	O
customers	O
and	O
suppliers	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
shareholders	O
,	O
said	O
the	O
sources	O
,	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
discussions	O
were	O
confidential	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
17	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
a	O
contract	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
during	O
Mobile	O
World	O
Congress	O
,	O
Europe	O
Managing	O
Director	O
,	O
Herve	O
Liboureau	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
entire	O
Mobility	O
Management	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
July	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
TechCrunch	O
online	O
publication	O
published	O
an	O
article	O
titled	O
"	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Is	O
One	O
Of	O
The	O
Hottest	O
Stocks	O
Of	O
2014	O
,	O
Seriously	O
"	O
,	O
following	O
a	O
50	O
percent	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
stock	O
,	O
an	O
increase	O
that	O
was	O
greater	O
than	O
peer	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Apple	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
;	O
however	O
,	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
financial	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
neither	O
revenue	O
or	O
profit	O
margin	O
were	O
improved	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
instead	O
,	O
costs	O
were	O
markedly	O
reduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
also	O
introduced	O
the	O
new	O
Passport	B-Application
handset	O
—	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
square	O
screen	O
with	O
"	O
Full	O
HD-class	O
"	O
(	O
1,440	O
x	O
1,440	O
)	O
resolution	O
and	O
marketed	O
to	O
professional	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
healthcare	O
and	O
architecture	O
—	O
promoted	O
its	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
app	O
and	O
released	O
minor	O
updates	O
for	O
the	O
BB10	O
mobile	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
17	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Classic	I-Application
was	O
introduced	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
former	O
Bold	O
series	O
,	O
incorporating	O
navigation	O
buttons	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
June	O
2016	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
keyboard	O
that	O
dominates	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
phone	O
in	O
the	O
classic	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
officially	O
unveiled	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Priv	I-Application
,	O
a	O
slider	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
German	O
made	O
camera	O
lens	O
with	O
18	O
megapixels	O
,	O
phablet	B-Application
that	O
utilizes	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
with	O
additional	O
security	O
and	O
productivity-oriented	O
features	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
COO	O
Marty	O
Beard	O
told	O
Bloomberg	O
that	O
"	O
The	O
company	O
's	O
never	O
said	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
not	O
build	O
another	O
BB10	O
device.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
day	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
unveiled	O
a	O
mid-range	O
Android	B-Application
model	O
with	O
only	O
an	O
on-screen	O
keyboard	O
,	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
DTEK50	I-Application
,	O
powered	O
by	O
the	O
then	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
6.0	O
,	O
Marshmallow	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
Priv	B-Application
could	O
also	O
be	O
upgraded	O
to	O
6.0	O
)	O
This	O
device	O
featured	O
a	O
5.2-inch	O
full	O
high-definition	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
chief	O
security	O
officer	O
David	O
Kleidermacher	O
stressed	O
data	O
security	O
during	O
the	O
launch	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
model	O
included	O
built-in	O
malware	O
protection	O
and	O
encryption	O
of	O
all	O
user	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Industry	O
observers	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
the	O
DTEK50	B-Application
is	O
a	O
re-branded	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Alcatel	B-Application
Idol	I-Application
4	I-Application
with	O
additional	O
security-oriented	O
software	O
customizations	O
,	O
manufactured	O
and	O
designed	O
by	O
TCL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
agreed	O
to	O
a	O
licensing	O
partnership	O
with	O
an	O
Indonesian	O
company	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
joint	O
venture	O
company	O
called	O
BB	O
Merah	O
Putih	O
to	O
"	O
source	O
,	O
distribute	O
,	O
and	O
market	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
handsets	O
in	O
Indonesia	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
released	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
DTEK60	I-Application
,	O
the	O
second	O
device	O
in	O
the	O
DTEK	O
series	O
,	O
manufactured	O
and	O
designed	O
by	O
TCL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	O
features	O
a	O
5.5-inch	O
Quad-HD	O
touch	O
screen	O
display	O
running	O
on	O
Qualcomm	O
's	O
Snapdragon	B-Architecture
820	O
processor	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
Quick	O
Charge	O
3.0	O
,	O
USB	O
Type-C	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
fingerprint	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
will	O
be	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Ford	O
Motor	O
Company	O
of	O
Canada	O
to	O
develop	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
car	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
connected	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
a	O
$20m	O
class	O
action	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
former	O
employees	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
BB	O
Merah	O
Putih	O
announced	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Aurora	O
,	O
an	O
Indonesian-made	O
and	O
sold	O
device	O
,	O
running	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
7.0	I-Application
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
working	O
with	O
Jaguar	O
Land	O
Rover	O
to	O
develop	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
car	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
TCL	O
Mobile	O
and	O
Optiemus	O
Infracom	O
launched	O
the	O
KEY2	B-Application
at	O
a	O
global	O
launch	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
device	O
to	O
sport	O
a	O
keyboard	O
while	O
running	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
released	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
KeyOne	I-Application
—	O
which	O
was	O
known	O
for	O
having	O
a	O
physical	O
keyboard	O
below	O
its	O
4.5	O
inch	O
touchscreen	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
battery	O
life	O
—	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
device	O
to	O
be	O
designed	O
internally	O
by	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
,	O
under	O
their	O
partner	O
license	O
agreements	O
,	O
released	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Aurora	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
KeyOne	I-Application
L/E	O
BLACK	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Motion	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Key2	I-Application
was	O
launched	O
in	O
international	O
markets	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
India	O
by	O
licensee	O
Optiemus	O
Infracom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Key2	B-Application
sports	O
a	O
dual	O
camera	O
setup	O
and	O
incorporates	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
portrait	O
mode	O
and	O
optical	O
zoom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Key2	I-Application
,	O
Optiemus	O
Infracom	O
announced	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Evolve	O
and	O
Evolve	O
X	O
smartphones	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Indian	O
market	O
sold	O
exclusively	O
on	O
Amazon	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
smartphones	B-Application
have	O
been	O
conceptualized	O
,	O
designed	O
and	O
manufactured	O
in	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
BB	O
Merah	O
Putih	O
's	O
website	O
has	O
been	O
repurposed	O
,	O
with	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
stating	O
that	O
only	O
technical	O
support	O
will	O
be	O
offered	O
for	O
the	O
Indonesian	O
devices	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
operational	O
status	O
of	O
Optiemus	O
is	O
unknown	O
as	O
of	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
any	O
updates	O
posted	O
regarding	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
products	O
in	O
India	O
since	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
NTP	O
sent	O
notice	O
of	O
its	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
patents	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
and	O
offered	O
to	O
license	O
the	O
patents	O
to	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
also	O
instructed	O
RIM	O
to	O
pay	O
NTP	O
's	O
legal	O
fees	O
of	O
US	O
$4.5	O
million	O
and	O
issued	O
an	O
injunction	O
ordering	O
RIM	O
to	O
cease	O
and	O
desist	O
infringing	O
the	O
patents	O
—	O
this	O
decision	O
would	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
closure	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
November	O
2005	O
the	O
US	O
Department	O
of	O
Justice	O
filed	O
a	O
brief	O
requesting	O
that	O
RIM	O
's	O
service	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
continue	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
users	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
Federal	O
Government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prior	O
granted	O
injunction	O
preventing	O
all	O
RIM	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
enforced	O
by	O
the	O
presiding	O
district	O
court	O
judge	O
had	O
the	O
two	O
parties	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
settlement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
US	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
(	O
DOD	O
)	O
filed	O
a	O
brief	O
stating	O
that	O
an	O
injunction	O
shutting	O
down	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
service	O
while	O
excluding	O
government	O
users	O
was	O
unworkable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DOD	O
also	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
crucial	O
for	O
national	O
security	O
given	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
government	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
26	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
reached	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
Qualcomm	O
Incorporated	O
resolving	O
all	O
amounts	O
payable	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
the	O
interim	O
arbitration	O
decision	O
announced	O
on	O
April	O
12	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
a	O
joint	O
stipulation	O
by	O
the	O
parties	O
,	O
the	O
arbitration	O
panel	O
has	O
issued	O
a	O
final	O
award	O
providing	O
for	O
the	O
payment	O
by	O
Qualcomm	O
to	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
of	O
a	O
total	O
amount	O
of	O
U.S.	O
$	O
940,000,000	O
including	O
interest	O
and	O
attorneys	O
 '	O
fees	O
,	O
net	O
of	O
certain	O
royalties	O
due	O
from	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
for	O
calendar	O
2016	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
quarter	O
of	O
calendar	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
summer	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Texas-based	O
startup	O
OnwardMobility	O
signed	O
a	O
new	O
licensing	O
agreement	O
with	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
5G	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
smartphone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OnwardMobility	O
was	O
cooperating	O
with	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Limited	O
and	O
FIH	O
Mobile	O
(	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Foxconn	O
)	O
as	O
they	O
"	O
sought	O
to	O
revitalize	O
the	O
iconic	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
brand	O
through	O
an	O
Android-based	O
,	O
next-gen	O
Wi-Fi	O
device.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
statement	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
18	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
OnwardMobility	O
said	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
would	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
not	O
be	O
moving	O
forward	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
company	O
itself	O
would	O
be	O
shutting	O
down	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
24	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Research	O
In	O
Motion	O
(	O
RIM	O
)	O
removed	O
Kik	B-Protocol
Messenger	I-Protocol
from	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
App	I-Application
World	I-Application
and	O
limited	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
for	O
its	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RIM	O
also	O
sued	O
Kik	B-Protocol
Interactive	I-Protocol
for	O
patent	O
infringement	O
and	O
misuse	O
of	O
trademarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
filing	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
over	O
perceived	O
intellectual	O
property	O
infringements	O
within	O
both	O
Facebook	B-Protocol
Messenger	I-Protocol
and	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
Instagram	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
the	O
e-mail	O
service	O
suffered	O
an	O
outage	O
which	O
led	O
for	O
calls	O
by	O
some	O
questioning	O
the	O
integrity	O
towards	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
perceived	O
centralized	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
2011-10-10	O
10:00	O
UTC	O
began	O
a	O
multi-day	O
outage	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
Africa	O
,	O
affecting	O
millions	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
October	O
12	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
went	O
down	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
estimates	O
by	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
are	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
lost	O
between	O
$50	O
million	O
to	O
$54	O
million	O
due	O
to	O
global	O
email	O
service	O
failure	O
and	O
outage	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
retail	O
stores	O
operated	O
outside	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
Thailand	O
,	O
Indonesia	O
,	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
,	O
and	O
Mexico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2007	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Store	O
opened	O
in	O
Farmington	O
Hills	O
,	O
Michigan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
store	O
offers	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
models	O
from	O
AT&T	O
,	O
T-Mobile	O
,	O
Verizon	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Sprint	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
U.S.	O
carriers	O
which	O
offer	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
three	O
prior	O
attempts	O
at	O
opening	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
stores	O
in	O
Toronto	O
and	O
London	O
(	O
UK	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
eventually	O
folded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Stores	O
operated	O
by	O
Wireless	O
Giant	O
at	O
airports	O
in	O
Atlanta	O
,	O
Boston	O
,	O
Charlotte	O
,	O
Minneapolis	O
–	O
St.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
23	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
opened	O
its	O
first	O
pop-up	O
store	O
in	O
Frankfurt	O
,	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BCESA	O
(	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Certified	O
Enterprise	O
Sales	O
Associate	O
,	O
BCESA40	O
in	O
full	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Certification	I-Operating_System
for	O
professional	O
users	O
of	O
RIM	O
(	O
Research	O
In	O
Motion	O
)	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
wireless	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Certification	O
requires	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
pass	O
several	O
exams	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Devices	O
,	O
all	O
its	O
functions	O
including	O
Desktop	O
software	O
and	O
providing	O
technical	O
support	O
to	O
Customers	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BCESA	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Certified	O
Enterprise	O
Sales	O
Associate	O
qualification	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
three	O
levels	O
of	O
professional	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Certification	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
information	O
on	O
certifications	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
BlackBerry.com	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Technical	O
Certifications	O
available	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
7	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
6	I-Application
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
5	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
4	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
3	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
2	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
1	O
devices	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
LTE	O
based	O
phones	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Z10	I-Application
have	O
a	O
Qualcomm	B-Architecture
Snapdragon	I-Architecture
S4	O
Plus	O
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
Qualcomm	O
SOC	B-Architecture
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
ARMv7-A	O
architecture	O
,	O
featuring	O
two	O
1.5GHz	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
Krait	I-Application
CPU	O
cores	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
400MHz	O
Adreno	O
225	O
GPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GSM-based	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phones	I-Operating_System
incorporate	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
7	O
,	O
9	O
or	O
11	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
models	O
(	O
Torch	O
9850/9860	O
,	O
Torch	O
9810	O
,	O
and	O
Bold	O
9900/9930	O
)	O
have	O
a	O
1.2GHz	O
MSM8655	O
Snapdragon	B-Architecture
S2	O
SOC	B-Architecture
,	O
768	O
MB	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
GB	O
of	O
on-board	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
previous	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Bold	O
9000	O
,	O
were	O
equipped	O
with	O
Intel	B-Application
XScale	I-Application
624MHz	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Curve	B-Operating_System
8520	I-Operating_System
featured	O
a	O
512MHz	O
processor	O
,	O
while	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
8000	O
series	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
8700	O
and	O
the	O
Pearl	O
,	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
312MHz	O
ARM	B-Architecture
XScale	B-Application
ARMv5TE	O
PXA900	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
exception	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
8707	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
80MHz	O
Qualcomm	O
3250	O
chipset	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
PXA900	O
chipset	O
not	O
supporting	O
3G	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
80MHz	O
processor	O
in	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
8707	O
meant	O
the	O
device	O
was	O
often	O
slower	O
to	O
download	O
and	O
render	O
web	O
pages	O
over	O
3G	O
than	O
the	O
8700	O
was	O
over	O
EDGE	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
950	I-Application
,	O
used	O
Intel	O
80386-based	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
latest	O
Flagship	O
phone	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Z30	I-Application
based	O
on	O
a	O
5-inch	O
Super	O
AMOLED	O
,	O
1280×720	O
resolution	O
,	O
at	O
295	O
ppi	O
24-bit	O
color	O
depth	O
and	O
powered	O
by	O
Quad-Graphics	O
and	O
Qualcomm	O
's	O
Dual	O
Core	O
1.7GHz	O
MSM8960T	O
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
with	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
late	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Priv	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
launched	O
with	O
version	O
5.1.1	O
but	O
was	O
later	O
upgraded	O
to	O
version	O
6.0	O
Android	B-Application
Marshmallow	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Employing	O
a	O
Qualcomm	O
8992	O
Snapdragon	B-Architecture
808	O
Hexa-Core	O
,	O
64-bit	O
,	O
Adreno	O
418	O
,	O
600MHz	O
GPU	O
with	O
3	O
GB	O
RAM	O
processor	O
,	O
this	O
unit	O
is	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
curved	O
5.4-inch	O
(	O
2560	O
x	O
1440	O
)	O
OLED	O
display	O
and	O
a	O
sliding	O
QWERTY	O
keyboard	O
which	O
is	O
hidden	O
when	O
not	O
in	O
use	O
;	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
voice	O
recognition	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
dictating	O
e-mails	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Priv	B-Application
retained	O
the	O
best	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
important	O
apps	B-Application
unique	O
to	O
the	O
Priv	B-Application
were	O
available	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
by	O
mid	O
December	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
two	O
new	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
models	O
(	O
Z10	B-Application
and	O
Q10	O
)	O
on	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
World	I-Application
2012	O
,	O
RIM	O
CEO	O
Thorsten	O
Heins	O
demonstrated	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
camera	O
which	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
rewind	O
frame-by-frame	O
separately	O
of	O
individual	O
faces	O
in	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
selection	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
different	O
shots	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
then	O
stitched	O
seamlessly	O
to	O
an	O
optimal	O
composite	O
,	O
an	O
intelligent	O
,	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
adapting	O
keyboard	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
gesture	O
based	O
user	O
interface	O
designed	O
around	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
"	O
peek	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
flow	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	B-Application
are	O
available	O
for	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
devices	O
through	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
World	I-Application
storefront	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
previous	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
developed	O
for	O
older	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
was	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
multitasking	O
environment	O
developed	O
by	O
RIM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
input	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
track	O
wheel	O
,	O
track	O
ball	O
,	O
and	O
track	O
pad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	O
provides	O
support	O
for	O
Java	O
MIDP	B-Language
1.0	O
and	O
WAP	B-Protocol
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
versions	O
allowed	O
wireless	O
synchronisation	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
email	O
and	O
calendar	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	O
5.0	O
provides	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
MIDP	B-Language
2.0	I-Language
,	O
and	O
allows	O
complete	O
wireless	O
activation	O
and	O
synchronisation	O
with	O
Exchange	B-Operating_System
email	I-Operating_System
,	O
calendar	O
,	O
tasks	O
,	O
notes	O
and	O
contacts	O
,	O
and	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
GroupWise	I-Operating_System
and	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Notes	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Curve	O
9360	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Device
Torch	I-Device
9810	I-Device
,	O
Bold	O
9900/9930	O
,	O
Curve	O
9310/9320	O
and	O
Torch	O
9850/9860	O
featured	O
the	O
2011	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
7	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	B-Application
are	O
available	O
for	O
these	O
devices	O
through	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
World	I-Application
(	O
which	O
before	O
2013	O
was	O
called	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
App	I-Application
World	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
developers	O
can	O
write	O
software	O
using	O
these	O
APIs	O
,	O
and	O
proprietary	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
APIs	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RIM	O
provides	O
tools	O
for	O
developing	O
applications	O
and	O
themes	O
for	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
and	O
themes	O
can	O
be	O
loaded	O
onto	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
through	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
World	I-Application
,	O
Over	O
The	O
Air	O
(	O
OTA	O
)	O
through	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
mobile	I-Application
browser	B-Application
,	O
or	O
through	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Desktop	O
Manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
Phone	O
platforms	O
,	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
proprietary	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Messenger	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
BBM	B-Application
,	O
software	O
for	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
encrypted	O
instant	O
messages	O
,	O
voice	B-Operating_System
notes	I-Operating_System
,	O
images	O
and	O
videos	O
via	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
PIN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
BBM	B-Application
include	O
groups	O
,	O
bar-code	O
scanning	O
,	O
lists	O
,	O
shared	O
calendars	O
,	O
BBM	B-Application
Music	O
and	O
integration	O
with	O
apps	B-Application
and	O
games	O
using	O
the	O
BBM	B-Application
social	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2013	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
shutting	O
down	O
its	O
streaming	O
music	O
service	O
,	O
BBM	B-Application
Music	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
active	O
for	O
almost	O
two	O
years	O
since	O
its	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
Messenger	I-Application
Music	O
closed	O
on	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2014	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
revealed	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
,	O
a	O
new	O
feature	O
for	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
10.3	O
,	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Passport	I-Application
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
and	O
NantHealth	O
,	O
a	O
healthcare-focused	O
data	O
provider	O
,	O
launched	O
a	O
secure	O
cancer	O
genome	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
giving	O
doctors	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
access	O
patients	O
 '	O
genetic	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Passport	I-Application
smartphone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
3	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
discontinue	O
their	O
services	O
on	O
all	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phones	I-Operating_System
not	O
running	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
on	O
January	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
"	O
As	O
of	O
this	O
date	O
,	O
devices	O
running	O
these	O
legacy	O
services	O
and	O
software	O
through	O
either	O
carrier	O
or	O
Wi-Fi	O
connections	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
reliably	O
function	O
,	O
including	O
for	O
data	O
,	O
phone	O
calls	O
,	O
SMS	O
and	O
9-1-1	O
functionality	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
non-BlackBerry	O
mobile	O
phones	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
featuring	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
email	O
client	O
which	O
connects	O
to	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
software	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
includes	O
full-featured	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
support	O
customer	O
relationship	O
management	O
clients	O
and	O
other	O
applications	O
that	O
must	O
manage	O
large	O
volumes	O
of	O
potentially	O
complex	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
RIM	O
announced	O
an	O
optional	O
Android	B-Application
player	O
that	O
could	O
play	O
applications	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
system	I-Application
would	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
PlayBook	I-Application
,	O
RIM	O
's	O
first	O
entry	O
in	O
the	O
tablet	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
24	O
,	O
2011	O
Bloomberg	O
News	O
reported	O
unofficial	O
rumors	O
that	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
Android	B-Application
applications	I-Application
when	O
RIM	O
brings	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
App	O
Player	O
to	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
20	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
RIM	O
officially	O
announced	O
that	O
Android	B-Application
applications	I-Application
could	O
run	O
,	O
unmodified	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
tablet	I-Application
and	O
the	O
newest	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phones	I-Operating_System
,	O
using	O
the	O
newest	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
smartphones	B-Application
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
an	O
organization	O
's	O
email	O
system	O
through	O
a	O
software	O
package	O
called	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Server	I-Application
(	O
BES	O
)	O
through	O
version	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
Service	O
(	O
BES	O
)	O
as	O
of	O
version	O
10	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
BES	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
,	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Domino	I-Operating_System
,	O
Novell	B-Operating_System
GroupWise	I-Operating_System
and	O
Google	B-Application
Apps	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
running	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
OS	I-Application
10	O
or	O
later	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
managed	O
directly	O
by	O
a	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
,	O
using	O
Exchange	B-Protocol
ActiveSync	I-Protocol
(	O
EAS	O
)	O
policies	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
that	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
or	O
Android	B-Application
device	O
can	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
unique	O
ID	O
called	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
PIN	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
device	O
to	O
the	O
BES	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
at	O
one	O
time	O
provided	O
a	O
free	O
BES	O
software	O
called	O
BES	O
Express	O
(	O
BESX	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
BES	O
feature	O
is	O
to	O
relay	O
email	O
from	O
a	O
corporate	O
mailbox	O
to	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BES	O
monitors	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
mailbox	O
,	O
relaying	O
new	O
messages	O
to	O
the	O
phone	O
via	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
Network	O
Operations	O
Center	O
(	O
NOC	O
)	O
and	O
user	O
's	O
wireless	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
push	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
,	O
because	O
all	O
new	O
emails	O
,	O
contacts	O
,	O
task	O
entries	O
,	O
memopad	O
entries	O
,	O
and	O
calendar	O
entries	O
are	O
pushed	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
immediately	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
synchronising	O
the	O
data	O
manually	O
or	O
having	O
the	O
device	O
poll	O
the	O
server	O
at	O
intervals	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
also	O
supports	O
polling	O
email	O
,	O
through	O
third-party	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
messaging	O
system	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
only	O
understands	O
how	O
to	O
receive	O
messages	O
from	O
a	O
BES	O
or	O
the	O
BIS	O
,	O
these	O
services	O
handle	O
the	O
connections	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
mail	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
newer	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
is	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
quickly	O
track	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
current	O
location	O
through	O
trilateration	O
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
GPS	O
,	O
thus	O
saving	O
battery	O
life	O
and	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
trilateration	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
GPS	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
cell	O
tower	O
blockage	O
by	O
large	O
buildings	O
,	O
mountains	O
,	O
or	O
distance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BES	O
also	O
provides	O
phones	O
with	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
connectivity	O
accessed	O
through	O
a	O
component	O
called	O
MDS	O
(	O
Mobile	O
Data	O
System	O
)	O
Connection	O
Service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
custom	O
application	O
development	O
using	O
data	O
streams	O
on	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
BES	O
provides	O
network	O
security	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
Triple	B-Algorithm
DES	I-Algorithm
or	O
,	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
AES	B-Algorithm
encryption	I-Algorithm
of	O
all	O
data	O
(	O
both	O
email	O
and	O
MDS	O
traffic	O
)	O
that	O
travels	O
between	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phone	O
and	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
providers	O
offer	O
flat	O
monthly	O
pricing	O
via	O
special	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
tariffs	O
for	O
unlimited	O
data	O
between	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
units	O
and	O
BES	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
receiving	O
email	O
,	O
organizations	O
can	O
make	O
intranets	B-General_Concept
or	O
custom	O
internal	O
applications	O
with	O
unmetered	O
traffic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
more	O
recent	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
platform	O
,	O
the	O
MDS	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
wireless	O
data	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
OS	O
3.8	O
or	O
4.0	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phones	I-Operating_System
can	O
access	O
the	O
Internet	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
access	O
)	O
without	O
an	O
MDS	O
–	O
formerly	O
only	O
email	O
and	O
WAP	B-Protocol
access	O
was	O
possible	O
without	O
a	O
BES/MDS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BES/MDS	O
is	O
still	O
required	O
for	O
secure	O
email	O
,	O
data	O
access	O
,	O
and	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
WAP	B-Protocol
from	O
carriers	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
WAP	B-Protocol
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
alternative	O
to	O
using	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Server	I-Application
is	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
(	O
BIS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
91	O
countries	O
internationally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
was	O
developed	O
primarily	O
for	O
the	O
average	O
consumer	O
rather	O
than	O
for	O
the	O
business	O
consumer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
POP3	B-Protocol
,	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Outlook	B-Protocol
Web	I-Protocol
App	I-Protocol
(	O
not	O
via	O
Exchange	B-Protocol
ActiveSync	I-Protocol
)	O
email	O
accounts	O
without	O
connecting	O
through	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Server	I-Application
(	O
BES	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
allows	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
email	O
accounts	O
to	O
be	O
accessed	O
,	O
including	O
proprietary	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
public	O
email	O
accounts	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Gmail	O
,	O
Outlook	O
,	O
Yahoo	O
and	O
AOL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
also	O
supports	O
the	O
push	O
capabilities	O
of	O
various	O
other	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
applications	O
developed	O
by	O
RIM	O
for	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
utilise	O
the	O
push	O
capabilities	O
of	O
BIS	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Instant	O
Messaging	O
clients	O
(	O
like	O
Google	B-Application
Talk	O
,	O
Windows	O
Live	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
and	O
Yahoo	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
is	O
usually	O
provisioned	O
through	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
service	O
provider	O
,	O
though	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
actually	O
runs	O
the	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
PIN	O
(	O
Personal	O
Identification	O
Number	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
eight-character	O
hexadecimal	O
identification	O
number	O
assigned	O
to	O
each	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PINs	O
cannot	O
be	O
changed	O
manually	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
(	O
though	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
technicians	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
reset	O
or	O
update	O
a	O
PIN	O
server-side	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
locked	O
to	O
each	O
specific	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
can	O
message	O
each	O
other	O
using	O
the	O
PIN	O
directly	O
or	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Messenger	I-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
PINs	O
are	O
tracked	O
by	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
Servers	I-Application
and	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
and	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
direct	O
messages	O
to	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emails	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
messages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Push	O
Service	O
,	O
are	O
typically	O
directed	O
to	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
's	O
PIN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2012	O
RIM	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
PIN	O
would	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
users	O
 '	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
ID	O
starting	O
in	O
2013	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
grew	O
swiftly	O
in	O
popularity	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
2005	O
had	O
become	O
highly	O
popular	O
and	O
influential	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
gained	O
the	O
nickname	O
"	O
Crackberry	B-Operating_System
"	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
seemingly	O
addictive	O
nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2006	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
main	O
competitors	O
included	O
offerings	O
from	O
Motorola	O
(	O
namely	O
Motorola	B-Operating_System
Q	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
Palm	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
the	O
iPAQ	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Pocket	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Nokia	O
(	O
namely	O
Nokia	B-Language
E61	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
RIM	O
held	O
56	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
from	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
quickly	O
became	O
popular	O
after	O
its	O
launch	O
,	O
RIM	O
remained	O
market	O
leaders	O
and	O
was	O
growing	O
too	O
,	O
with	O
sales	O
tripling	O
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Fortune	O
's	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
Fastest	O
Growing	O
Companies	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
RIM	O
ranked	O
first	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Curve	O
became	O
the	O
best-selling	O
smartphone	B-Application
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
market	O
share	O
loss	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
global	O
basis	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
active	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
subscribers	O
has	O
increased	O
substantially	O
through	O
the	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
fiscal	O
period	O
during	O
which	O
the	O
Apple	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
was	O
first	O
released	O
,	O
RIM	O
reported	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
subscriber	O
base	O
of	O
10.5	O
million	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
subscribers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2008	O
,	O
when	O
Android	B-Application
first	O
hit	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
RIM	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
subscribers	O
had	O
increased	O
to	O
21	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
5	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
RIM	O
CEO	O
Thorsten	O
Heins	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
global	O
subscribers	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
million	O
,	O
which	O
sparked	O
a	O
7%	O
jump	O
in	O
shares	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
year	O
2010	O
,	O
RIM	O
and	O
Apple	O
continued	O
to	O
dominate	O
the	O
U.S.	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Curve	O
had	O
lost	O
its	O
spot	O
as	O
the	O
single	O
highest	O
selling	O
product	O
to	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
3GS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
struggled	O
to	O
compete	O
against	O
both	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
platform	I-Application
-	O
after	O
device	O
sales	O
peaking	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
its	O
share	O
plunged	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
after	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
speculation	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
unable	O
to	O
survive	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
going	O
concern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
's	O
global	O
user	O
base	O
(	O
meaning	O
active	O
accounts	O
)	O
has	O
declined	O
dramatically	O
since	O
its	O
peak	O
of	O
80	O
million	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
dropping	O
to	O
46	O
million	O
users	O
in	O
September	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
should	O
continue	O
to	O
increase	O
with	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Android	B-Application
Priv	B-Application
device	O
which	O
was	O
selling	O
at	O
a	O
premium	O
price	O
( $800	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Q3	O
of	O
2015	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
had	O
a	O
net	O
loss	O
of	O
$89	O
million	O
U.S.	O
or	O
17	O
cents	O
per	O
share	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
a	O
$15	O
million	O
net	O
loss	O
,	O
or	O
three	O
cents	O
per	O
share	O
,	O
when	O
excluding	O
restructuring	O
charges	O
and	O
other	O
one-time	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
not	O
ready	O
to	O
provide	O
sales	O
figures	O
for	O
the	O
Android-based	O
Priv	B-Application
handset	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
only	O
weeks	O
earlier	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
only	O
four	O
countries	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
Chen	O
offered	O
this	O
comment	O
to	O
analysts	O
:	O
"	O
Depending	O
on	O
how	O
Priv	B-Application
does	O
...	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
chance	O
we	O
could	O
achieve	O
or	O
get	O
closer	O
to	O
break-even	O
operating	O
profitability	O
for	O
our	O
overall	O
device	O
business	O
in	O
the	O
(	O
fourth	O
)	O
quarter	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
a	O
continuous	O
reduction	O
in	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
users	O
,	O
in	O
February	O
2016	O
the	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
headquarters	O
in	O
Waterloo	O
,	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
slashed	O
35	O
percent	O
of	O
its	O
workforce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
early	O
2016	O
,	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
market	O
share	O
dropped	O
to	O
0.2	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Q4	O
2016	O
,	O
reports	O
indicate	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
sold	O
only	O
207,900	O
units	O
—	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
0.0	O
%	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
shipped	O
43%	O
of	O
all	O
smartphones	B-Application
to	O
Indonesia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
retail	O
price	O
of	O
2,199,000	O
Indonesian	O
Rupiah	O
( $189	O
)	O
failed	O
to	O
give	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
the	O
boost	O
it	O
needed	O
in	O
Indonesia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
lost	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
Indonesia	O
despite	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
Z3	B-Application
on	O
May	O
13	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
active	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
users	O
since	O
2000	O
globally	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
revealed	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
2013	O
mass	O
surveillance	O
disclosures	O
that	O
the	O
American	O
and	O
British	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Security	O
Agency	O
(	O
NSA	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Government	O
Communications	O
Headquarters	O
(	O
GCHQ	O
)	O
respectively	O
,	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
data	O
on	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
agencies	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
almost	O
all	O
smartphone	B-Application
information	O
,	O
including	O
SMS	O
,	O
location	O
,	O
e-mails	O
,	O
and	O
notes	O
through	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Internet	O
Service	O
,	O
which	O
operates	O
outside	O
corporate	O
networks	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
passing	O
through	O
internal	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
services	O
(	O
BES	O
)	O
,	O
only	O
compresses	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
encrypt	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Documents	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
NSA	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
e-mail	O
system	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
"	O
see	O
and	O
read	O
SMS	O
traffic	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
a	O
brief	O
period	O
in	O
2009	O
when	O
the	O
NSA	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
access	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
after	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
changed	O
the	O
way	O
they	O
compress	O
their	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GCHQ	O
has	O
a	O
tool	O
named	O
SCRAPHEAP	O
CHALLENGE	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
"	O
Perfect	O
spoofing	O
of	O
emails	O
from	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
targets	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
revelations	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
officials	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
media	O
reports	O
regarding	O
alleged	O
government	O
surveillance	O
of	O
telecommunications	O
traffic	O
"	O
and	O
added	O
that	O
a	O
"	O
back	O
door	O
pipeline	O
"	O
to	O
their	O
platform	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
exist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
access	O
by	O
the	O
intelligence	O
agencies	O
to	O
many	O
other	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
exists	O
,	O
using	O
similar	O
techniques	O
to	O
hack	O
into	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
software	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Dual	B-Algorithm
EC	I-Algorithm
DRBG	I-Algorithm
CSPRNG	O
algorithm	O
which	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
being	O
probably	O
backdoored	O
by	O
the	O
NSA	O
,	O
the	O
US	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
"	O
strongly	O
recommends	O
"	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Ltd	O
.	O
has	O
however	O
not	O
issued	O
an	O
advisory	O
to	O
its	O
customers	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
consider	O
the	O
probable	O
backdoor	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Ltd	O
.	O
also	O
owns	O
US	O
patent	O
2007189527	O
,	O
which	O
covers	O
the	O
technical	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
backdoor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
was	O
mostly	O
popular	O
by	O
corporate	O
and	O
business	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
(	O
formerly	O
)	O
advanced	O
encryption	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
Smartphone	B-Application
made	O
it	O
eligible	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
government	O
agencies	O
and	O
state	O
forces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
4	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
older	O
phones	O
running	O
Blackberry	B-Application
10	I-Application
,	O
7.1	O
OS	O
and	O
earlier	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Former	O
United	O
States	O
president	O
Barack	O
Obama	O
became	O
known	O
for	O
his	O
dependence	O
on	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
device	O
for	O
communication	O
during	O
his	O
2008	O
Presidential	O
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
usage	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
continued	O
until	O
around	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
his	O
presidency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Hillary	O
Clinton	O
email	O
controversy	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
Hillary	O
Clinton	O
continuing	O
to	O
use	O
her	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
after	O
assuming	O
the	O
office	O
of	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
West	O
Yorkshire	O
Police	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
allowed	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
police	O
officers	O
along	O
the	O
streets	O
and	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
public	O
spending	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
each	O
officer	O
could	O
perform	O
desk	O
work	O
directly	O
via	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
several	O
other	O
areas	O
and	O
situations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
US	O
Federal	O
Government	O
has	O
been	O
slow	O
to	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
platform	O
,	O
a	O
State	O
Department	O
spokesperson	O
saying	O
in	O
2013	O
that	O
Blackberry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
were	O
still	O
the	O
only	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
approved	O
for	O
U.S.	O
missions	O
abroad	O
by	O
the	O
State	O
Department	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
high	O
encryption	O
standard	O
that	O
made	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
the	O
PlayBook	B-Application
tablet	O
unique	O
,	O
have	O
since	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
other	O
devices	O
,	O
including	O
most	O
Apple	O
devices	O
released	O
after	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bangalore	O
City	O
Police	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
police	O
departments	O
in	O
India	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
Pune	O
Police	O
and	O
Kochi	O
Police	O
to	O
use	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
South	O
West	O
Trains	O
and	O
Northern	O
Rail	O
have	O
issued	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
to	O
guards	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
control	O
,	O
guards	O
and	O
passengers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Canada	O
,	O
Toronto	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
municipalities	O
within	O
Canada	O
have	O
issued	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
devices	O
to	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
employees	O
including	O
but	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
transportation	O
,	O
technical	O
,	O
water	O
and	O
operations	O
inspection	O
staff	O
and	O
all	O
management	O
staff	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
contracted	O
construction	O
companies	O
,	O
its	O
winter	O
maintenance	O
operations	O
and	O
to	O
assist	O
and	O
successfully	O
organize	O
multimillion-dollar	O
contracts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
devices	O
are	O
the	O
standard	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
to	O
receive	O
e-mail	O
redirected	O
from	O
GroupWise	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
endeavours	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
announced	O
plans	O
of	O
moving	O
into	O
the	O
shipping	O
industry	O
by	O
adapting	O
the	O
smartphones	B-Application
devices	O
to	O
the	O
communication	O
necessities	O
of	O
freight	O
containers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eric	O
Schmidt	O
,	O
Executive	O
Chairman	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
from	O
2001	O
to	O
2011	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
longtime	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
smartphones	B-Application
running	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
mobile	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
compete	O
with	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
Schmidt	O
said	O
in	O
a	O
2013	O
interview	O
that	O
he	O
uses	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
because	O
he	O
prefers	O
its	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Italian	O
criminal	O
group	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
'	O
Ndrangheta	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
February	O
2009	O
to	O
have	O
communicated	O
overseas	O
with	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Cartel	O
,	O
a	O
Mexican	O
drug	O
cartel	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Messenger	I-Application
,	O
since	O
the	O
BBM	B-Application
Texts	O
are	O
"	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
intercept	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kim	O
Kardashian	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
she	O
reportedly	O
said	O
at	O
the	O
Code/Mobile	O
conference	O
that	O
"	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
has	O
my	O
heart	O
and	O
soul	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
'll	O
never	O
get	O
rid	O
of	O
it	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
I	O
have	O
anxiety	O
that	O
I	O
will	O
run	O
out	O
and	O
I	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kardashian	O
also	O
admitted	O
to	O
keeping	O
a	O
supply	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
phones	I-Operating_System
with	O
her	O
because	O
she	O
was	O
loyal	O
to	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Bold	I-Application
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
She	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
spotted	O
using	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2022	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
docudrama	O
film	O
about	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
brand	O
,	O
simply	O
titled	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
had	O
wrapped	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
film	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
,	O
was	O
adapted	O
from	O
the	O
book	O
Losing	O
the	O
Signal	O
:	O
The	O
Untold	O
Story	O
Behind	O
the	O
Extraordinary	O
Rise	O
and	O
Spectacular	O
Fall	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
and	O
features	O
Jay	O
Baruchel	O
and	O
Glenn	O
Howerton	O
in	O
the	O
principal	O
roles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
paid	O
several	O
celebrities	O
to	O
promote	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
Alicia	O
Keys	O
,	O
Jessie	O
J	O
and	O
will.i.am	O
.	O
</s>
