<s>
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
freemium	O
open-source	B-License
password	O
management	O
service	O
that	O
stores	O
sensitive	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
website	O
credentials	O
in	O
an	O
encrypted	O
vault	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
offers	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
client	O
applications	O
including	O
a	O
web	O
interface	O
,	O
desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
,	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
offers	O
a	O
free	O
cloud-hosted	B-Architecture
service	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
self-host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
are	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
MacOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
include	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Edge	B-Application
,	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
Vivaldi	B-Language
,	O
Brave	B-Application
and	O
Tor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPad	B-Device
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Client	O
functionalities	O
include	O
2FA	O
login	B-General_Concept
,	O
passwordless	O
login	B-General_Concept
,	O
biometric	O
unlock	O
,	O
random	O
password	O
generator	O
,	O
password	O
strength	O
testing	O
tool	O
,	O
login/form/app	O
autofill	B-Protocol
,	O
syncing	O
across	O
unlimited	O
platforms	O
and	O
devices	O
,	O
storing	O
unlimited	O
number	O
of	O
items	O
,	O
sharing	O
credentials	O
,	O
and	O
storing	O
variety	O
of	O
information	O
including	O
credit	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
AES-CBC	O
256-bit	O
to	O
encrypt	O
vault	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
PBKDF2	O
SHA-256	B-Algorithm
/	O
Argon2id	O
to	O
derive	O
user	O
's	O
encryption	O
key	O
from	O
the	O
entered	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variety	O
of	O
client	O
applications	O
including	O
a	O
web	O
interface	O
,	O
desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
,	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
are	O
available	O
for	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Edge	B-Application
,	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
Vivaldi	B-Language
,	O
Brave	B-Application
and	O
Tor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Items	O
types	O
such	O
as	O
logins	B-General_Concept
,	O
secure	O
notes	O
,	O
credit	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
identitieswhich	O
free	O
version	O
can	O
store	O
in	O
an	O
unlimited	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vault	O
login	B-General_Concept
by	O
Two-factor	O
authentication	O
via	O
authenticator	O
apps	O
and	O
email	O
in	O
free	O
version	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
Duo	O
,	O
YubiKey	O
,	O
and	O
FIDO	B-Protocol
U2F	I-Protocol
for	O
paid	O
customers	O
,	O
with	O
recovery	O
code	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
step	O
if	O
a	O
2FA	O
device	O
is	O
unavailable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
in	O
its	O
first	O
password-protection	O
program	O
comparison	O
,	O
U.S.	O
News	O
&	O
World	O
Report	O
selected	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
as	O
"	O
Best	O
Password	O
Manager	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
,	O
with	O
competitor	O
LastPass	B-Operating_System
about	O
to	O
drop	O
a	O
feature	O
in	O
its	O
free	O
version	O
,	O
CNET	O
recommended	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
best	O
free	O
app	O
for	O
password	O
synchronization	O
across	O
multiple	O
devices	O
,	O
while	O
Lifehacker	O
recommended	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
best	O
password	O
manager	O
for	O
most	O
people.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
's	O
secure	O
open-source	B-License
implementation	O
was	O
also	O
praised	O
by	O
reviewers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
debuted	O
in	O
August	O
2016	O
with	O
an	O
initial	O
release	O
of	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
for	O
Chrome	B-Application
and	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
web	O
vault	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
for	O
Firefox	B-Application
was	O
later	O
launched	O
in	O
February	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Brave	B-Application
web	I-Application
browser	I-Application
began	O
including	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
extension	O
as	O
an	O
optional	O
replacement	O
password	O
manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2017	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
launched	O
a	O
bug	O
bounty	O
program	O
at	O
HackerOne	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
was	O
adapted	O
to	O
and	O
released	O
for	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
Safari	I-Application
browser	O
through	O
the	O
Safari	B-Application
Extensions	O
Gallery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
debuted	O
as	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
desktop	B-Application
application	I-Application
for	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
built	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
app	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
and	O
delivered	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Electron	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Application
app	I-Application
was	O
released	O
alongside	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
extension	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
in	O
the	B-Application
Microsoft	I-Application
Store	I-Application
a	O
month	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
's	O
web	O
vault	O
was	O
criticized	O
for	O
embedding	O
unconstrained	O
third-party	O
JavaScript	O
from	O
BootstrapCDN	B-Application
,	O
Braintree	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Stripe	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
embedded	O
scripts	O
could	O
pose	O
as	O
an	O
attack	O
vector	O
to	O
gain	O
unauthorized	O
access	O
to	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
users	O
 '	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
third-party	O
scripts	O
were	O
removed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
Web	O
Vault	O
update	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2018	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
released	O
a	O
command-line	B-Application
application	O
enabling	O
users	O
to	O
write	O
scripted	O
applications	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
their	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
vaults	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
Cliqz	B-Operating_System
performed	O
a	O
privacy	O
and	O
security	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
for	O
Firefox	B-Application
browser	I-Application
extension	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
negatively	O
impact	O
their	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
review	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
was	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
an	O
optional	O
password	O
manager	O
in	O
the	O
Cliqz	B-Operating_System
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2018	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
completed	O
a	O
security	O
assessment	O
,	O
code	O
audit	O
,	O
and	O
cryptographic	O
analysis	O
from	O
third-party	O
security	O
auditing	O
firm	O
Cure53	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
completed	O
another	O
security	O
audit	O
from	O
security	O
firm	O
Insight	O
Risk	O
Consulting	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
the	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
network	O
perimeter	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
penetration	O
testing	O
and	O
vulnerability	O
assessments	O
against	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
web	O
services	O
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2020	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
achieved	O
SOC	O
2	O
Type	O
2	O
and	O
SOC	O
3	O
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2020	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
HIPAA	O
compliant	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
already	O
being	O
GDPR	O
,	O
CCPA	O
,	O
and	O
Privacy	O
Shield	O
compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
announced	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Swedish	O
startup	O
Passwordless.dev	O
for	O
an	O
undisclosed	O
amount	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passwordless.dev	O
provided	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
solution	O
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
easily	O
implement	O
passwordless	O
authentication	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
standards	O
WebAuthn	O
and	O
FIDO2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
also	O
launched	O
a	O
beta	O
software	O
service	O
allowing	O
third-party	O
developers	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
biometric	O
sign-in	O
technologies	O
including	O
Touch	O
ID	O
,	O
Face	O
ID	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Hello	O
in	O
their	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
,	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
published	O
network	O
security	O
assessment	O
and	O
security	O
assessment	O
reports	O
that	O
were	O
conducted	O
by	O
Cure53	O
in	O
May	O
and	O
October	O
2022	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
related	O
to	O
penetration	O
testing	O
and	O
security	O
assessment	O
across	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
IPs	O
,	O
servers	O
,	O
and	O
web	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
related	O
to	O
penetration	O
testing	O
and	O
source	O
code	O
audit	O
against	O
all	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
password	O
manager	O
software	O
components	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
core	O
application	O
,	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
,	O
desktop	B-Application
application	I-Application
,	O
web	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
TypeScript	B-Language
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
fixed	O
quickly	O
by	O
Bitwarden	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
third-party	O
HubSpot	O
.	O
</s>
