<s>
A	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
is	O
one	O
that	O
consists	O
of	O
pixels	O
that	O
can	O
have	O
one	O
of	O
exactly	O
two	O
colors	O
,	O
usually	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
are	O
also	O
called	O
bi-level	O
or	O
two-level	O
,	O
Pixelart	O
made	O
of	O
two	O
colours	O
is	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
1-Bit	O
or	O
1bit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Photoshop	B-Operating_System
parlance	O
,	O
a	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
an	O
image	O
in	O
"	O
Bitmap	O
"	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
often	O
arise	O
in	O
digital	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
as	O
masks	O
or	O
thresholding	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
dithering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
input/output	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
laser	O
printers	O
,	O
fax	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
bilevel	O
computer	B-Device
displays	I-Device
,	O
can	O
only	O
handle	O
bilevel	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
memory	O
as	O
a	O
bitmap	O
,	O
a	O
packed	O
array	O
of	O
bits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
also	O
compress	O
well	O
with	O
simple	O
run-length	B-Algorithm
compression	I-Algorithm
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
interpreted	O
as	O
subsets	O
of	O
the	O
two-dimensional	O
integer	O
lattice	O
Z2	O
;	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
morphological	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
was	O
largely	O
inspired	O
by	O
this	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
entire	O
class	O
of	O
operations	O
on	O
binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
operates	O
on	O
a	O
3×3	O
window	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
structuring	O
element	O
is	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
,	O
usually	O
small	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
passed	O
over	O
the	O
target	O
image	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
to	O
a	O
filter	O
in	O
gray	O
scale	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
pixels	O
can	O
only	O
have	O
two	O
values	O
,	O
the	O
morphological	B-Algorithm
operations	I-Algorithm
are	O
erosion	B-Algorithm
(	O
any	O
unset	O
pixels	O
within	O
the	O
structuring	O
element	O
cause	O
the	O
pixel	O
to	O
be	O
unset	O
)	O
and	O
dilation	B-Algorithm
(	O
any	O
set	O
pixels	O
within	O
the	O
structuring	O
element	O
cause	O
the	O
pixel	O
to	O
be	O
set	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Important	O
operations	O
are	O
morphological	B-Algorithm
opening	I-Algorithm
and	O
morphological	B-Algorithm
closing	I-Algorithm
which	O
consist	O
of	O
erosion	B-Algorithm
followed	O
by	O
dilation	B-Algorithm
and	O
dilation	B-Algorithm
followed	O
by	O
erosion	B-Algorithm
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
structuring	O
element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
very	O
important	O
characteristic	O
of	O
a	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
distance	B-Algorithm
transform	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distance	B-Algorithm
transform	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
calculated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
efficient	O
computation	O
of	O
Voronoi	B-Architecture
diagrams	I-Architecture
,	O
where	O
each	O
pixel	O
in	O
an	O
image	O
is	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
nearest	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distance	B-Algorithm
transform	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
useful	O
for	O
determining	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
object	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
matching	O
in	O
image	O
recognition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
are	O
produced	O
from	O
color	O
images	O
by	O
segmentation	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Segmentation	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
assigning	O
each	O
pixel	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
image	O
to	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
there	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
classes	O
then	O
the	O
usual	O
result	O
is	O
several	O
binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
simplest	O
form	O
of	O
segmentation	B-Algorithm
is	O
probably	O
Otsu	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
which	O
assigns	O
pixels	O
to	O
foreground	O
or	O
background	O
based	O
on	O
grayscale	O
intensity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
method	O
is	O
the	O
watershed	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edge	B-Algorithm
detection	I-Algorithm
also	O
often	O
creates	O
a	O
binary	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
with	O
some	O
pixels	O
assigned	O
to	O
edge	O
pixels	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
further	O
segmentation	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thinning	O
or	O
skeletonization	O
produces	O
binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
which	O
consist	O
of	O
pixel-wide	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
image	O
recognition	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
optical	B-Application
character	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
standard	O
PC	O
interface	O
for	O
scanners	B-Application
and	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
flavor	O
is	O
called	O
vanilla	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
reversed	O
one	O
chocolate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
early	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
zx81	O
used	O
the	O
restriction	O
as	O
a	O
necessity	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	O
,	O
hand-held	O
LCD	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Game	B-Device
&	I-Device
Watch	I-Device
and	O
Tamagotchi	O
,	O
alongside	O
early	O
computers	O
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
graphic	O
user	O
interfaces	O
like	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
made	O
large	O
steps	O
in	O
promoting	O
the	O
culture	O
,	O
technique	O
and	O
aesthetic	O
of	O
the	O
restrictions	O
of	O
1-bit	O
art	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Best-seller	O
games	O
like	O
Gato	B-Application
Roboto	I-Application
,	O
Return	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Obra	I-Application
Dinn	I-Application
,	O
Minit	B-Application
and	O
World	B-Application
of	I-Application
Horror	I-Application
use	O
1bit	O
as	O
a	O
style	O
to	O
give	O
their	O
games	O
a	O
retro	O
feel	O
or	O
to	O
simply	O
save	O
the	O
graphic	O
designers	O
time	O
in	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
even	O
new	O
1-Bit	O
hardware	O
in	O
development	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
experimental	O
handheld	O
console	O
Playdate	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Obvious	O
differences	O
in	O
1bit	O
art	O
styles	O
are	O
for	O
example	O
whether	O
,	O
how	O
much	O
and	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
dithering	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
outlines	O
and	O
how	O
detailed	O
the	O
artwork	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
new	O
image	O
sensor	O
that	O
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
traditional	O
photographic	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
