<s>
Various	O
binary	O
formats	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
compact	O
representations	O
for	O
XML	B-Protocol
(	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Markup	I-Protocol
Language	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
a	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
format	O
generally	O
reduces	O
the	O
verbosity	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
thereby	O
also	O
reducing	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
parsing	O
,	O
but	O
hinders	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ordinary	O
text	O
editors	O
and	O
third-party	O
tools	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
edit	O
the	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
competing	O
formats	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
has	O
yet	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
Consortium	O
adopted	O
EXI	B-Language
as	O
a	O
Recommendation	O
on	O
10	O
March	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
is	O
typically	O
used	O
in	O
applications	O
where	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
standard	O
XML	B-Protocol
is	O
insufficient	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
document	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
form	O
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
which	O
is	O
easily	O
viewed	O
and	O
edited	O
is	O
valued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
advantages	O
may	O
include	O
enabling	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
and	O
indexing	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
challenge	O
for	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
widely	O
adopted	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
International	O
Organization	O
for	O
Standardization	O
(	O
ISO	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
International	O
Telecommunication	O
Union	O
(	O
ITU	O
)	O
published	O
the	O
Fast	B-Protocol
Infoset	I-Protocol
standard	O
in	O
2007	O
and	O
2005	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
standard	O
(	O
ISO/IEC	O
23001-1	O
)	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Binary	O
MPEG	O
format	O
for	O
XML	B-Protocol
(	O
BiM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
standardized	O
by	O
the	O
ISO	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BiM	B-Architecture
is	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
ETSI	O
standards	O
for	O
digital	O
TV	O
and	O
mobile	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Open	O
Geospatial	O
Consortium	O
provides	O
a	O
Binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
Encoding	O
Specification	O
(	O
currently	O
a	O
Best	O
Practice	O
Paper	O
)	O
optimized	O
for	O
geo-related	O
data	O
(	O
GML	O
)	O
and	O
also	O
a	O
benchmark	O
to	O
compare	O
performance	O
of	O
Fast	B-Protocol
InfoSet	I-Protocol
,	O
EXI	B-Language
,	O
BXML	O
and	O
deflate	B-Algorithm
to	O
encode/decode	O
AIXM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatives	O
to	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
include	O
using	O
traditional	O
file	O
compression	O
methods	O
on	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
(	O
for	O
example	O
gzip	B-Application
)	O
;	O
or	O
using	O
an	O
existing	O
standard	O
such	O
as	O
ASN.1	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditional	O
compression	O
methods	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
offer	O
only	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
reduced	O
file	O
size	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
decreased	O
parsing	O
time	O
or	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASN.1/PER	O
forms	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Fast	B-Protocol
Infoset	I-Protocol
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
hybrid	O
approaches	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
VTD-XML	B-Language
)	O
that	O
attach	O
a	O
small	O
index	B-Data_Structure
file	I-Data_Structure
to	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
document	I-Protocol
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
overhead	O
of	O
parsing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Projects	O
and	O
file	O
formats	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Efficient	B-Language
XML	I-Language
Interchange	I-Language
(	O
EXI	B-Language
)	O
W3C	O
Recommendation	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
work	O
by	O
Efficient	B-Language
XML	I-Language
from	O
AgileDelta	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
from	O
Microsoft	O
;	O
the	O
implementation	O
included	O
in	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
3.0	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
application	I-Application
package	I-Application
uses	O
an	O
undocumented	O
binary	B-Protocol
XML	I-Protocol
format	O
;	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
open	O
and	O
well-commentated	O
.	O
</s>
