<s>
Binary	B-Application
Runtime	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
for	I-Application
Wireless	I-Application
(	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
,	O
Brew	O
,	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
,	O
or	O
BREW	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
application	O
development	O
platform	O
created	O
by	O
Qualcomm	O
,	O
originally	O
for	O
code	B-Protocol
division	I-Protocol
multiple	I-Protocol
access	I-Protocol
(	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
)	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
featuring	O
third-party	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
mobile	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
offered	O
in	O
some	O
feature	B-Device
phones	I-Device
(	O
mostly	O
with	O
specifications	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
mid	O
to	O
high-end	O
mobile	O
phones	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
developed	O
in	O
1999	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
wireless	O
applications	O
on	O
CDMA-based	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
it	O
debuted	O
in	O
September	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
software	B-Device
platform	I-Device
that	O
can	O
download	O
and	O
run	O
small	O
programs	O
for	O
playing	O
games	O
,	O
sending	O
messages	O
,	O
and	O
sharing	O
photos	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
advantage	O
of	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
is	O
that	O
the	O
application	O
developers	O
can	O
easily	O
port	O
their	O
applications	O
among	O
all	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
devices	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
standardized	O
set	O
of	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
for	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
enabled	O
handsets	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
C	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
using	O
the	O
freely	O
downloadable	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BREW	O
runtime	B-Library
library	I-Library
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
wireless	O
device	O
on-chip	O
firmware	B-Application
or	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
allow	O
programmers	O
to	O
develop	O
applications	O
without	O
needing	O
to	O
code	O
for	O
system	O
interface	O
or	O
understand	O
wireless	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BREW	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
pseudo	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
true	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
BREW	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
,	O
but	O
it	O
runs	O
a	O
native	B-Language
code	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
software	O
developers	O
,	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
is	O
a	O
full	O
set	O
of	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
that	O
enables	O
making	O
software	O
and	O
applications	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
is	O
supported	O
(	O
platform	O
)	O
by	O
an	O
application-specific	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
(	O
ASIC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
before	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
ran/relied	O
on	O
REX	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
(	O
Qualcomm	O
's	O
own	O
RTOS	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
uses	O
Brew	O
RTOS	O
(	O
another	O
RTOS	O
for	O
advanced	O
feature	B-Device
phones	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
lacks	O
advanced	O
multimedia	O
features	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
that	O
were	O
available	O
in	O
subsequent	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BREW	O
1.1	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Brew	O
to	O
run	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
most	O
feature	B-Device
phones	I-Device
in	O
the	O
Indonesia	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
since	O
2004	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
carriers	O
until	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
BREW	O
to	O
support	O
3D	O
graphics	O
rendering	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
only	O
uses	O
software	O
rendering	O
(	O
which	O
also	O
supports	O
JSR	O
184	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
most	O
feature	B-Device
phones	I-Device
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
since	O
2005	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
carriers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
improvements	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
succeeded	O
by	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
additional	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
in	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
accelerometer	O
support	O
and	O
other	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
Zeebo	B-Device
console	I-Device
in	O
Mexico	O
and	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
BREW	O
to	O
make	O
certain	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
legacy	O
files	O
deprecated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
BREW	O
to	O
rely	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
RTOS	O
rather	O
than	O
Qualcomm	O
's	O
own	O
REX	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Brew	B-Application
MP	I-Application
developer	O
page	O
was	O
shut	O
down	O
on	O
23	O
July	O
2021	O
due	O
to	O
inactivity	O
for	O
8	O
years	O
ago	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
testing	O
applications	O
during	O
the	O
development	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
SDK	O
includes	O
a	O
BREW	O
emulator	B-Application
,	O
or	O
starting	O
with	O
BREW	O
version	O
1.1	O
and	O
above	O
,	O
the	O
BREW	O
Simulator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BREW	O
emulator	B-Application
,	O
named	O
BREW	O
Simulator	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
emulate	O
handset	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
BREW	O
application	O
is	O
compiled	O
to	O
native	B-Language
code	I-Language
and	O
linked	O
with	O
a	O
compatible	O
BREW	O
runtime	B-Library
library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
applications	O
cannot	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
platform	O
bugs	O
related	O
to	O
memory	O
alignment	O
and	O
various	O
firmware	B-Application
related	O
glitches	O
without	O
a	O
BREW	O
handset	O
operating	O
in	O
test	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
testing	O
purposes	O
,	O
BREW	O
applications	O
can	O
be	O
transferred	O
using	O
a	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Serial	I-Protocol
Bus	I-Protocol
(	O
USB	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
serial	O
cable	O
to	O
any	O
BREW-compatible	O
handset	O
using	O
BREW	O
App	O
Loader	O
from	O
Qualcomm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
28	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Qualcomm	O
and	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
a	O
partnership	O
to	O
integrate	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
supported	O
user	O
interface	O
on	O
BREW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strictly	O
speaking	O
,	O
time	O
to	O
market	O
can	O
take	O
longer	O
with	O
BREW	O
than	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
because	O
of	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
's	O
rigorous	O
certification	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
developers	O
of	O
casual	O
games	O
run	O
less	O
risk	O
of	O
having	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
freeware	B-License
workalikes	O
developed	O
and	O
self-published	O
by	O
hobbyists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
most	O
developers	O
choose	O
to	O
support	O
both	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
and	O
BREW	O
,	O
or	O
only	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
may	O
offer	O
a	O
lower	O
cost	O
to	O
market	O
because	O
most	O
carriers	O
allow	O
non-certified	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
applications	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
their	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
phones	O
have	O
a	O
larger	O
market	O
share	O
than	O
BREW	O
enabled	O
handsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
while	O
BREW	O
is	O
primarily	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
and	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
advantages	O
of	O
BREW	O
was	O
that	O
Verizon	B-Application
made	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
purchase	O
applications	O
from	O
the	O
phone	O
,	O
while	O
most	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
carriers	O
did	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
most	O
carriers	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
phones	O
now	O
offer	O
easy-to-access	O
purchasing	O
portals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Owing	O
to	O
its	O
different	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
relies	O
on	O
Java	B-Language
's	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
(	O
interpreter-based	O
code	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
technically	O
slower	O
than	O
BREW	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
native	O
C/C	O
++	O
plus	O
and	O
direct	O
hardware	O
access	O
(	O
especially	O
for	O
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
has	O
limited	O
subset	O
of	O
APIs	B-Application
(	O
both	O
for	O
applications	O
and	O
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
3rd-party	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
implementations	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
MascotCapsule	O
by	O
HI	O
CORPORATION	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
3D	O
rendering	O
API	B-Application
)	O
and	O
DoJa/Star	O
by	O
NTT	O
Docomo	O
)	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
popular	O
and	O
successful	O
outside	O
Japan	O
(	O
particularly	O
device	O
adoption	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BREW	O
(	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
)	O
,	O
relies	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
direct	O
hardware	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
applications	O
and	O
games	O
are	O
slow	O
than	O
BREW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
3D	O
games	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
uses	O
JSR	O
184	O
(	O
M3G	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
3D	O
games	O
that	O
are	O
developed	O
on	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
are	O
slower	O
(	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
10	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
some/most	O
handsets	O
)	O
and	O
have	O
limited	O
graphics	O
,	O
while	O
BREW	O
uses	O
either	O
software	O
rendering	O
(	O
if	O
the	O
BREW	O
handset	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
3D	O
acceleration	O
chip	O
)	O
or	O
OpenGL	O
ES	O
(	O
which	O
it	O
can	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
its	O
performance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
,	O
when	O
the	O
BREW	O
application	O
crashes	O
,	O
the	O
phone	O
will	O
cause	O
reboot	O
due	O
to	O
BREW	O
ca	O
n't	O
handle	O
and	O
recover	O
while	O
the	O
application	O
crashes	O
,	O
it	O
creates	O
"	O
$SYS.EXCEPT_(4-Digit Number )	O
"	O
into	O
the	O
"	O
except	O
"	O
folder	O
on	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
directory	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
phone	O
will	O
automatically	O
reboot	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
application	O
crashes	O
under	O
BREW	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
will	O
handle	O
correctly	O
and	O
recover	O
them	O
from	O
phone	O
rebooting	O
by	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some/few	O
handset	O
manufacturers	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
to	O
integrate	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
's	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
on	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
their	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
now	O
commercial	O
technologies	O
to	O
fully	O
automate	O
porting	O
from	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
to	O
BREW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reduces	O
the	O
entry	O
barrier	O
to	O
produce	O
BREW	O
applications	O
by	O
eliminating	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
two	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
application	O
in	O
both	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C/C	O
++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
is	O
used	O
by	O
some	O
mobile	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
mobile	O
networks	O
,	O
however	O
most	O
often	O
the	O
end-user	O
does	O
not	O
know	O
this	O
since	O
mobile	O
phones	O
running	O
BREW	O
most	O
often	O
lack	O
any	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
branding	O
and	O
BREW	O
runs	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
with	O
the	O
custom	O
"	O
skins	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
mobile	O
phone	O
manufacturer	O
or	O
operator	O
on-top	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
is	O
used	O
by	O
Sprint	O
Nextel	O
,	O
metroPCS	O
,	O
U.S.	O
Cellular	O
,	O
Verizon	B-Application
,	O
Syringa	O
Wireless	O
,	O
Cricket	O
Wireless	O
,	O
and	O
AT&T	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
HTC	B-Application
Freestyle	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
KDDI	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
KT	O
and	O
SK	O
Telecom	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
China	O
Telecom	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
MOVILNET	O
and	O
BellSouth	O
Chile	O
in	O
Latin	O
America	O
,	O
Sistema	O
Shyam	O
(	O
now	O
MTS	O
)	O
in	O
India	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
3	O
network	O
in	O
much	O
of	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
Australia	O
on	O
many	O
mobile	O
phones	O
produced	O
especially	O
for	O
their	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
BREW	O
is	O
only	O
offered	O
to	O
mobile	O
networks	O
that	O
operates	O
in	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
,	O
other	O
countries	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
parts	O
of	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
Australia	O
via	O
the	O
3	O
network	O
,	O
India	O
,	O
Japan	O
and	O
China	O
)	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
BREW	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manufacturers	O
such	O
as	O
Huawei	O
,	O
INQ	O
Mobile	O
,	O
Amoi	O
,	O
LG	O
,	O
Samsung	O
Mobile	O
,	O
ZTE	O
,	O
and	O
HTC	B-Application
amongst	O
others	O
use	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
in	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
featured	O
in	O
3	O
UK	O
phones	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
3	B-Protocol
Skypephone	I-Protocol
,	O
INQ1	O
,	O
ZTE	O
Z431	O
,	O
LG	O
T385	O
and	O
Huawei	O
u7510	O
(	O
3	O
Touch	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tectoy	O
's	O
Zeebo	B-Device
is	O
the	O
only	O
game	O
console	O
to	O
use	O
BREW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
's	O
own	O
T720	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
RAZR	O
V3m	O
also	O
use	O
Qualcomm	B-Application
BREW	I-Application
.	O
</s>
