<s>
A	O
bibliographic	B-Library
record	I-Library
is	O
an	O
entry	O
in	O
a	O
bibliographic	B-Library
index	I-Library
(	O
or	O
a	O
library	B-Library
catalog	I-Library
)	O
which	O
represents	O
and	O
describes	O
a	O
specific	O
resource	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bibliographic	B-Library
record	I-Library
contains	O
the	O
data	O
elements	O
necessary	O
to	O
help	O
users	O
identify	O
and	O
retrieve	O
that	O
resource	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
additional	O
supporting	O
information	O
,	O
presented	O
in	O
a	O
formalized	O
bibliographic	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
are	O
usually	O
retrievable	O
from	O
bibliographic	B-Library
indexes	I-Library
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
contemporary	O
bibliographic	B-Library
databases	I-Library
)	O
by	O
author	O
,	O
title	O
,	O
index	O
term	O
,	O
or	O
keyword	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
can	O
also	O
be	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
surrogate	O
records	O
or	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
can	O
represent	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
published	O
contents	O
,	O
including	O
traditional	O
paper	O
,	O
digitized	O
,	O
or	O
born-digital	O
publications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
of	O
creation	O
,	O
exchange	O
,	O
and	O
preservation	O
of	O
bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
are	O
parts	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
process	O
,	O
called	O
bibliographic	B-Library
control	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
known	O
bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
come	O
from	O
the	O
catalogues	O
(	O
written	O
in	O
cuneiform	O
script	O
on	O
clay	O
tablets	O
)	O
of	O
religious	O
texts	O
from	O
2000	O
B.C.	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
what	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
key	O
words	O
in	O
Sumerian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ancient	O
Greece	O
,	O
Callimachus	O
of	O
Cyrene	O
recorded	O
bibliographic	B-Library
records	I-Library
on	O
120	O
scrolls	O
using	O
a	O
system	O
called	O
pinakes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
American	O
library	B-Library
catalogs	I-Library
in	O
the	O
colonial	O
period	O
were	O
typically	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
book	O
form	O
,	O
either	O
manuscript	O
or	O
printed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
conceptual	O
framework	O
of	O
the	O
bibliographic	B-Library
record	I-Library
as	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
data	O
elements	O
served	O
American	O
librarianship	O
well	O
in	O
its	O
first	O
one-hundred	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
's	O
bibliographic	B-Library
record	I-Library
formats	O
originate	O
from	O
the	O
times	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
paper-based	O
isolated	O
libraries	O
,	O
their	O
self-contained	O
collections	O
and	O
their	O
corresponding	O
library	B-Library
cataloguing	I-Library
systems	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modern	O
formats	O
,	O
while	O
reflecting	O
this	O
heritage	O
in	O
their	O
structure	O
,	O
are	O
machine-readable	B-General_Concept
and	O
most	O
commonly	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
MARC	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIBFRAME	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
draft	O
form	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
libraries	O
are	O
already	O
testing	O
cataloging	B-Library
under	O
the	O
new	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
