<s>
Benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
also	O
known	O
as	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
(	O
abbr	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
:	O
BER	O
)	O
is	O
found	O
on	O
ECG	B-Application
in	O
about	O
1%	O
of	O
those	O
with	O
chest	O
pain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
diagnosed	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
elevated	O
J-point	O
/	O
ST	B-Algorithm
elevation	I-Algorithm
with	O
an	O
end-QRS	O
notch	O
or	O
end-QRS	O
slur	O
and	O
where	O
the	O
ST	B-Algorithm
segment	I-Algorithm
concave	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
that	O
occurs	O
as	O
some	O
patterns	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
ventricular	O
fibrillation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
,	O
very	O
prevalent	O
in	O
younger	O
people	O
and	O
healthy	O
male	O
athletes	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
3	O
subtypes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
ventricular	O
fibrillation	O
and	O
some	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
's	O
patterns	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
lifetime	O
occurrence	O
of	O
idiopathic	O
ventricular	O
fibrillation	O
is	O
exceptionally	O
rare	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
and	O
short	O
QT	O
syndrome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
an	O
electrocardiogram	B-Application
(	O
EKG	B-Application
or	O
ECG	B-Application
)	O
,	O
benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
may	O
produce	O
an	O
elevation	O
of	O
the	O
J-point	O
and	O
ST	B-Algorithm
segment	I-Algorithm
in	O
2	O
or	O
more	O
leads	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
observed	O
in	O
heart	O
attacks	O
(	O
myocardial	O
infarction	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
with	O
benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
ST	B-Algorithm
segment	I-Algorithm
is	O
usually	O
concave	O
up	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
concave	O
down	O
(	O
as	O
with	O
heart	O
attacks	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
notable	O
absence	O
of	O
reciprocal	O
changes	O
suggestive	O
of	O
ischemia	O
on	O
the	O
EKG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
thought	O
the	O
causing	O
mechanism	O
of	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
more	O
excitable	O
ion	O
channel	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
causes	O
a	O
quicker	O
myocardium	O
contraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benign	B-Algorithm
early	I-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
occurs	O
in	O
about	O
1	O
to	O
13	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
occurrence	O
within	O
athletes	O
and	O
adolescents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
one	O
study	O
,	O
an	O
occurrence	O
of	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
was	O
observed	O
in	O
31.6	O
%	O
of	O
elite	O
athletes	O
while	O
in	O
another	O
study	O
occurrence	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
25.1	O
%	O
of	O
athletes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Being	O
a	O
male	O
is	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
ECG	B-Application
pattern	O
,	O
and	O
70%	O
of	O
subjects	O
with	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
are	O
males	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prevalence	O
of	O
early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
declines	O
in	O
males	O
from	O
early	O
adulthood	O
until	O
middle-age	O
which	O
could	O
suggest	O
a	O
hormonal	O
influence	O
on	O
its	O
presence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
patterns	O
are	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
physically	O
active	O
younger	O
individuals	O
,	O
athletes	O
and	O
Africans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Genes	O
associated	O
with	O
ER	O
and	O
ATP	O
sensitive	O
potassium	O
current	O
channel	O
mutations	O
are	O
KCNJ8	O
,	O
ABCC9	O
Others	O
associated	O
with	O
transient	B-Algorithm
outward	I-Algorithm
potassium	I-Algorithm
current	I-Algorithm
-	O
KCNE5	O
,	O
DPP10	O
,	O
L-type	O
voltage	O
gated	O
calcium	O
current	O
-	O
CACNA1C	O
,	O
CACNB2B	O
,	O
CACNA2D1	O
,	O
sodium	O
current	O
-	O
SCN5A	O
,	O
SCN10A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	B-Algorithm
repolarization	I-Algorithm
with	O
ST	B-Algorithm
segment	I-Algorithm
elevation	I-Algorithm
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
1936	O
by	O
R.A.	O
Shipley	O
and	O
W.R.	O
Hallaran	O
in	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
200	O
healthy	O
20	O
–	O
35	O
year	O
old	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
