<s>
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
and	O
Symantec	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
cross	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
programming	O
framework	B-Architecture
for	O
writing	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
started	O
as	O
an	O
internal	O
effort	O
at	O
Symantec	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
many	O
of	O
Symantec	O
's	O
products	O
ran	O
on	O
both	O
Mac	O
and	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
would	O
become	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
was	O
originally	O
an	O
internal	O
set	O
of	O
tools	O
intended	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
effort	O
of	O
keeping	O
both	O
platforms	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1991	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
the	O
3.0	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
development	B-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
MPW	B-Operating_System
,	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
object	O
framework	B-Architecture
,	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPW	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
command-line	O
driven	O
system	O
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
competitively	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MacApp	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
upgrade	O
from	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
being	O
ported	O
from	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
to	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symantec	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
supplier	O
of	O
the	O
then-premier	O
development	O
platform	O
on	O
the	O
Mac	O
,	O
Think	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
.	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
GUI-based	O
environment	O
which	O
included	O
an	O
application	O
framework	B-Architecture
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
TCL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Think	O
C/TCL	O
had	O
garnered	O
a	O
considerable	O
following	O
in	O
the	O
Mac	O
community	O
,	O
especially	O
during	O
the	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
remain	O
competitive	O
,	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
MPW	B-Operating_System
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
with	O
something	O
much	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
Think	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Throughout	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
was	O
first	O
starting	O
its	O
rise	O
in	O
popularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cross-platform	B-Operating_System
development	O
systems	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
this	O
time	O
they	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
relatively	O
simple	O
,	O
delivering	O
least-common-denominator	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
SDK	O
that	O
could	O
deliver	O
first-rate	O
solutions	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
's	O
supremely	O
idealistic	O
goals	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
companies	O
talked	O
about	O
it	O
very	O
briefly	O
at	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
"	O
Cross	B-Operating_System
Platform	I-Operating_System
Framework	B-Architecture
"	O
and	O
mentioning	O
that	O
more	O
would	O
be	O
revealed	O
at	O
the	O
PC	O
Expo	O
show	O
in	O
June	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
MacWorld	O
show	O
they	O
announced	O
the	O
conceptnot	O
yet	O
a	O
real	O
productas	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
would	O
first	O
be	O
released	O
on	O
the	O
Mac	O
and	O
Windows	O
,	O
with	O
plans	O
to	O
expand	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
to	O
support	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Pink	O
—	O
the	O
OS	O
originated	O
at	O
Apple	O
and	O
now	O
developed	O
at	O
Taligent	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Allowing	O
a	O
single	O
application	O
source	O
code	O
base	O
to	O
target	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
platforms	O
,	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
was	O
intended	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
total	O
successor	O
to	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seven	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
engineers	O
at	O
Apple	O
were	O
adding	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
technology	O
and	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
did	O
not	O
yet	O
exist	O
as	O
a	O
product	O
,	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
was	O
officially	O
deprecated	O
with	O
a	O
maintenance	O
release	O
of	O
3.0.1	O
,	O
unless	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
's	O
schedule	O
would	O
eventually	O
slip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
development	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
by	O
Apple	O
with	O
an	O
MPW	B-Operating_System
replacement	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
updated	O
Think	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
from	O
Symantec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	O
development	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
happen	O
via	O
Symantec	O
's	O
(	O
Zortech	O
)	O
C++	B-Language
on	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
officially	O
supported	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
would	O
be	O
deliberately	O
written	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
any	O
C++	B-Language
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
joint	O
project	O
,	O
development	O
was	O
being	O
carried	O
out	O
entirely	O
by	O
Symantec	O
because	O
its	O
credible	O
expertise	O
in	O
Windows	O
development	O
was	O
essential	O
to	O
Apple	O
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
open	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Throughout	O
this	O
period	O
Apple	O
was	O
also	O
working	O
on	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
,	O
positioning	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
unique	O
document-centered	O
technology	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
user	O
experience	O
than	O
monolithic	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
was	O
particularly	O
effective	O
in	O
"	O
selling	O
"	O
the	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
concept	O
to	O
end	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
obvious	O
contradiction	O
between	O
working	O
on	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
while	O
claiming	O
classic	O
applications	O
were	O
outmoded	O
led	O
to	O
infighting	O
between	O
the	O
project	O
teams	O
within	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Late	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
numerous	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
team	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
left	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1993	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
further	O
release	O
in	O
sight	O
,	O
rumors	O
abounded	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
dissatisfaction	O
with	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
especially	O
with	O
its	O
lack	O
of	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
in	O
public	O
,	O
Apple	O
was	O
questioning	O
"	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
fit	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
into	O
the	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
environment	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
January	O
1994	O
,	O
Ike	O
Nassi	O
,	O
Vice	O
President	O
of	O
the	O
Development	O
Products	O
Group	O
within	O
AppleSoft	O
,	O
announced	O
Apple	O
's	O
renewed	O
commitment	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
18-month-old	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
for	O
all	O
native	O
and	O
crossplatform	B-Operating_System
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
announced	O
an	O
expanded	O
scope	O
to	O
"	O
make	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
the	O
tool	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
part	O
development	O
"	O
though	O
neither	O
Apple	O
nor	O
Symantec	O
would	O
provide	O
any	O
details	O
on	O
how	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
n't	O
know	O
whether	O
the	O
first	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
release	O
would	O
include	O
OpenDoc	B-Application
functionality	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computerworld	O
reported	O
that	O
"	O
most	O
 [ developers ] 	O
said	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
seen	O
much	O
progress	O
on	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
beta	O
tested	O
and	O
a	O
partial	O
low-level	O
component	O
release	O
was	O
expected	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
VP	O
Ike	O
Nassi	O
recalled	O
that	O
once	O
he	O
finally	O
read	O
the	O
business	O
contract	O
between	O
Apple	O
and	O
Symantec	O
governing	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
,	O
he	O
emphatically	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
terrible	O
,	O
terrible	O
contract	O
"	O
and	O
demanded	O
its	O
immediate	O
termination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
24	O
,	O
1994	O
Apple	O
and	O
Symantec	O
finally	O
officially	O
stated	O
that	O
Symantec	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
actively	O
developing	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
Symantec	O
granted	O
Apple	O
a	O
"	O
worldwide	O
,	O
perpetual	O
license	O
to	O
distribute	O
and	O
further	O
develop	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
all	O
mention	O
of	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
quickly	O
disappeared	O
from	O
both	O
companies	O
 '	O
public	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Having	O
relied	O
on	O
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
the	O
replacement	O
for	O
MPW	B-Operating_System
and	O
MacApp	B-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
had	O
done	O
little	O
development	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bedrock	B-Operating_System
's	O
failure	O
amid	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
efforts	O
was	O
also	O
ill-timed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symantec	O
had	O
also	O
done	O
little	O
work	O
with	O
Think	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
during	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
TCL	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
switch	O
from	O
both	O
MPW	B-Operating_System
and	O
Think	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
more	O
modern	O
and	O
PPC-native	O
Metrowerks	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
