<s>
Standard	O
battery	B-Algorithm
nomenclature	I-Algorithm
describes	O
portable	O
dry	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
batteries	O
that	O
have	O
physical	O
dimensions	O
and	O
electrical	O
characteristics	O
interchangeable	O
between	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
disposable	O
dry	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
means	O
that	O
many	O
manufacturer-specific	O
and	O
national	O
standards	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
designate	O
sizes	O
,	O
long	O
before	O
international	O
standards	O
were	O
reached	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technical	O
standards	O
for	O
battery	B-Library
sizes	I-Library
and	O
types	O
are	O
set	O
by	O
standards	O
organizations	O
such	O
as	O
International	O
Electrotechnical	O
Commission	O
(	O
IEC	O
)	O
and	O
American	O
National	O
Standards	O
Institute	O
(	O
ANSI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
National	O
standards	O
for	O
dry	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
batteries	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
ANSI	O
,	O
JIS	O
,	O
British	O
national	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEC	O
maintains	O
two	O
committees	O
,	O
TC21	O
established	O
in	O
1933	O
for	O
rechargeable	B-Architecture
batteries	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
TC35	O
established	O
in	O
1948	O
for	O
primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
,	O
to	O
develop	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Battery	B-Algorithm
types	I-Algorithm
are	O
designated	O
with	O
a	O
letter/number	O
sequence	O
indicating	O
number	O
of	O
cells	O
,	O
cell	O
chemistry	O
,	O
cell	O
shape	O
,	O
dimensions	O
,	O
and	O
special	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
IEC	O
standards	O
for	O
battery	B-Library
sizes	I-Library
were	O
issued	O
in	O
1957	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
British	O
standard	O
397	O
for	O
primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
was	O
withdrawn	O
and	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
IEC	O
standard	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
American	O
standards	O
were	O
revised	O
several	O
times	O
during	O
the	O
following	O
decades	O
,	O
as	O
new	O
sizes	O
of	O
cells	O
were	O
introduced	O
and	O
new	O
chemistry	O
developed	O
,	O
including	O
chloride	O
,	O
alkaline	O
,	O
mercury	O
and	O
rechargeable	B-Architecture
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1954	O
,	O
mercury	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rechargeable	B-Architecture
batteries	I-Architecture
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
C18	O
standard	O
in	O
1984	O
,	O
and	O
lithium	B-Language
types	O
were	O
standardized	O
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
different	O
technical	O
committees	O
of	O
IEC	O
make	O
standards	O
on	O
batteries	O
:	O
TC21	O
(	O
lead-acid	B-Device
)	O
,	O
SC21	O
(	O
other	O
secondary	B-Architecture
)	O
and	O
TC35	O
(	O
primary	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
group	O
has	O
published	O
standards	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
nomenclature	O
of	O
batteries	O
-	O
IEC	O
60095	O
for	O
lead-acid	B-Device
starter	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
,	O
IEC	O
61951-1	O
and	O
61951-2	O
for	O
Ni-Cd	O
and	O
Ni-MH	B-Device
batteries	I-Device
,	O
IEC	O
61960	O
for	O
Li-ion	O
,	O
and	O
IEC	O
60086-1	O
for	O
primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
October	O
1990	O
,	O
round	O
cells	O
were	O
designated	O
with	O
a	O
sequential	O
numeric	O
size	O
code	O
ranging	O
from	O
R06	O
through	O
to	O
R70	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
R20	O
is	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
D	B-Algorithm
"	O
cell	O
or	O
ANSI	O
"	O
13	O
"	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primary	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
larger	O
than	O
100mm	O
in	O
diameter	O
or	O
height	O
are	O
designated	O
with	O
an	O
oblique	O
"	O
/	O
"	O
between	O
diameter	O
and	O
height	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Examples	O
of	O
IEC	O
battery	O
designations	O
Designation	O
Series	O
Cells	O
System	O
Shape	O
Standardized	O
code	O
or	O
diameter	O
code	O
Diameter	O
modifier	O
Height	O
code	O
Height	O
adjustment	O
modifier	O
Modifier(s )	O
Parallel	O
strings	O
Remarks	O
R20	O
R	O
20	O
A	O
single	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
"	O
size	O
20	O
"	O
which	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
D	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
ANSI	O
"	O
13	O
"	O
size	O
4R25X	O
4	O
R	O
25	O
X	O
A	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
lantern	O
battery	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
4	O
round	O
"	O
size	O
25	O
"	O
cells	O
in	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4LR25-2	O
4	O
L	O
R	O
25	O
2	O
An	O
alkaline	O
lantern	O
battery	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
2	O
parallel	O
strings	O
of	O
4	O
round	O
"	O
size	O
25	O
"	O
cells	O
in	O
series	O
6F22	O
6	O
F	O
22	O
A	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
rectangular	O
battery	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
6	O
flat	O
"	O
size	O
22	O
"	O
cells	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
6P222/162	O
6	O
P	O
222	O
162	O
A	O
zinc-carbon	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
,	O
maximum	O
dimensions	O
:	O
length	O
192	O
mm	O
,	O
width	O
113	O
mm	O
,	O
and	O
height	O
162	O
mm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
levels	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
designated	O
with	O
a	O
C	B-Algorithm
,	O
P	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
CF	O
,	O
HH	O
,	O
or	O
HB	O
or	O
other	O
letter	O
suffixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
categories	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
IEC	O
battery	B-Algorithm
nomenclature	I-Algorithm
:	O
</s>
<s>
Nickel-cadmium	O
and	O
Nickel-metal	B-Device
hydride	I-Device
batteries	I-Device
follow	O
a	O
similar	O
rule	O
as	O
the	O
system	O
above	O
;	O
especially	O
cylindrical	O
cells	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
dimensionally	O
interchangeable	O
with	O
primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
use	O
the	O
same	O
designation	O
as	O
the	O
primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
codes	O
for	O
electrochemical	O
systems	O
as	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lithium-ion	O
batteries	O
have	O
a	O
different	O
rule	O
for	O
naming	O
,	O
which	O
applies	O
both	O
to	O
batteries	O
of	O
multiple	O
cells	O
and	O
single	O
cell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A1	O
indicates	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
negative	O
electrode	O
phase	O
,	O
where	O
I	O
is	O
for	O
lithium	B-Language
ion	O
and	O
L	O
is	O
for	O
lithium	B-Language
metal	O
or	O
alloy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A2	O
indicates	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
positive	O
electrode	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
C	B-Algorithm
,	O
N	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
V	O
or	O
T	O
for	O
cobalt	O
,	O
nickel	O
,	O
manganese	O
,	O
vanadium	O
and	O
titanium	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
there	O
were	O
only	O
carbon-zinc	B-Algorithm
cells	O
,	O
no	O
suffix	O
letters	O
or	O
other	O
notation	O
were	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secondary	B-Architecture
cells	I-Architecture
using	O
systems	O
H	O
and	O
K	O
(	O
nickel-metal	B-Device
hydride	I-Device
and	O
nickel-iron	O
sulfide	O
)	O
have	O
a	O
separate	O
series	O
of	O
size	O
codes	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cells	O
are	O
dimensionally	O
interchangeable	O
with	O
primary	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
