<s>
A	O
battery	B-Algorithm
management	I-Algorithm
system	I-Algorithm
(	O
BMS	O
)	O
is	O
any	O
electronic	O
system	O
that	O
manages	O
a	O
rechargeable	B-Architecture
battery	I-Architecture
(	O
cell	O
or	O
battery	B-Algorithm
pack	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
by	O
protecting	O
the	O
battery	O
from	O
operating	O
outside	O
its	O
safe	O
operating	O
area	O
,	O
monitoring	O
its	O
state	O
,	O
calculating	O
secondary	O
data	O
,	O
reporting	O
that	O
data	O
,	O
controlling	O
its	O
environment	O
,	O
authenticating	O
it	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
balancing	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
battery	B-Algorithm
pack	I-Algorithm
built	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
battery	B-Algorithm
management	I-Algorithm
system	I-Algorithm
with	O
an	O
external	O
communication	O
data	B-General_Concept
bus	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
smart	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
pack	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
smart	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
pack	I-Algorithm
must	O
be	O
charged	O
by	O
a	O
smart	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
charger	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BMS	O
will	O
also	O
control	O
the	O
recharging	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
by	O
redirecting	O
the	O
recovered	O
energy	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
from	O
regenerative	O
braking	O
)	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
battery	B-Algorithm
pack	I-Algorithm
(	O
typically	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
battery	O
modules	O
,	O
each	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cells	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
controller	O
of	O
a	O
BMS	O
communicates	O
internally	O
with	O
its	O
hardware	O
operating	O
at	O
a	O
cell	O
level	O
,	O
or	O
externally	O
with	O
high	O
level	O
hardware	O
such	O
as	O
laptops	O
or	O
an	O
HMI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
types	O
of	O
serial	B-Protocol
communications	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
CAN	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
communications	O
,	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
automotive	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
VOOC	B-Architecture
"	O
by	O
Oppo	O
(	O
also	O
branded	O
as	O
"	O
Dash	O
Charge	O
"	O
with	O
"	O
OnePlus	O
"	O
)	O
increases	O
the	O
current	O
instead	O
of	O
voltage	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
to	O
reduce	O
heat	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
device	O
from	O
internally	O
converting	O
an	O
elevated	O
voltage	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
battery	O
's	O
terminal	O
charging	O
voltage	O
,	O
which	O
however	O
makes	O
it	O
incompatible	O
with	O
existing	O
USB	O
cables	O
and	O
relies	O
on	O
special	O
high-current	O
USB	O
cables	O
with	O
accordingly	O
thicker	O
copper	O
wires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
maximize	O
the	O
battery	O
's	O
capacity	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
prevent	O
localized	O
under-charging	O
or	O
over-charging	O
,	O
the	O
BMS	O
may	O
actively	O
ensure	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
cells	O
that	O
compose	O
the	O
battery	O
are	O
kept	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
voltage	O
or	O
State	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
Charge	I-Algorithm
,	O
through	O
balancing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
requirements	O
for	O
a	O
BMS	O
in	O
mobile	O
applications	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
electric	O
vehicles	O
)	O
and	O
stationary	O
applications	O
(	O
like	O
stand-by	O
UPSes	O
in	O
a	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
)	O
are	O
quite	O
different	O
,	O
especially	O
from	O
the	O
space	O
and	O
weight	O
constraint	O
requirements	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
implementations	O
must	O
be	O
tailored	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
battery	O
balancing	O
methods	O
are	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
based	O
on	O
state	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
charge	I-Algorithm
theory	O
.	O
</s>
