<s>
Batch	B-General_Concept
cryptography	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
cryptology	O
where	O
cryptographic	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
are	O
studied	O
and	O
developed	O
for	O
doing	O
cryptographic	O
processes	O
like	O
encryption/decryption	O
,	O
key	O
exchange	O
,	O
authentication	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
batch	B-General_Concept
cryptography	I-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Amos	O
Fiat	O
in	O
1989	O
.	O
</s>
