<s>
B	B-Application
News	I-Application
was	O
a	O
Usenet	B-Application
news	I-Application
server	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
by	O
Matt	O
Glickman	O
and	O
Mary	O
Ann	O
Horton	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
A	B-Application
News	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
used	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
from	O
1981	O
into	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
reference	O
implementation	O
for	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
Usenet	B-Application
standard	O
described	O
in	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
B	B-Application
News	I-Application
introduced	O
numerous	O
changes	O
from	O
its	O
predecessor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Articles	O
used	O
an	O
extensible	O
format	O
with	O
named	O
headers	O
,	O
first	O
by	O
using	O
labeled	O
equivalents	O
to	O
the	O
A	B-Application
News	I-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
history	O
database	O
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
allowing	O
articles	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
separate	O
directories	O
by	O
newsgroup	B-Application
,	O
improving	O
retrieval	O
speeds	O
and	O
easing	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
separate	O
newsreader	B-Protocol
programs	O
such	O
as	O
rn	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
was	O
provided	O
for	O
expiring	O
old	O
articles	O
,	O
and	O
control	B-Protocol
messages	I-Protocol
(	O
special	O
articles	O
that	O
can	O
automatically	O
cause	O
articles	O
to	O
be	O
erased	O
,	O
or	O
newsgroups	B-Application
to	O
be	O
added	O
or	O
removed	O
)	O
were	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Evolution	O
of	O
B	B-Application
News	I-Application
header	O
formats	O
B2.9	O
and	O
earlier	O
B2.10	O
B2.11	O
From(as UUCP path )	O
Path	O
(	O
not	O
used	O
)	O
From(as Internet mail address )	O
Article-I.D.	O
</s>
<s>
News	O
B2.10	O
introduced	O
the	O
hierarchical	O
article	O
storage	O
format	O
carried	O
into	O
C	B-Application
News	I-Application
and	O
InterNetNews	B-Application
,	O
and	O
still	O
commonly	O
seen	O
in	O
many	O
newsreaders	B-Protocol
and	O
cache	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
B2.10	O
,	O
all	O
groups	O
were	O
stored	O
beneath	O
a	O
single	O
parent	O
directory	O
,	O
impairing	O
performance	O
when	O
the	O
group	O
list	O
became	O
large	O
,	O
and	O
requiring	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
14	O
characters	O
be	O
unique	O
among	O
all	O
groups	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
old	O
Unix	B-Application
limitation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
B2.10	O
contained	O
limited	O
support	O
for	O
moderated	O
newsgroups	B-Application
,	O
with	O
posters	O
needing	O
to	O
manually	O
mail	O
in	O
submissions	O
to	O
an	O
intermediate	O
party	O
who	O
would	O
post	O
articles	O
on	O
their	O
behalf	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	O
,	O
version	O
B2.11	O
allowed	O
moderated	O
newsgroups	B-Application
to	O
appear	O
in	O
any	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
transparently	O
mailed	O
out	O
moderated	O
group	O
submissions	O
using	O
the	O
normal	O
posting	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
B	B-Application
News	I-Application
patch	O
set	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1989	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
Rick	O
Adams	O
declared	O
the	O
product	O
obsolete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
About	O
1989	O
,	O
Eric	O
S	O
.	O
Raymond	O
attempted	O
a	O
rewrite	O
of	O
B	B-Application
News	I-Application
,	O
known	O
alternately	O
as	O
Teenage	O
Mutant	O
Ninja	O
Netnews	B-Application
and	O
News	O
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
