<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
that	O
offers	O
a	O
toolchain	O
for	O
release	O
engineering	O
,	O
software	B-Application
deployment	I-Application
and	O
application	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
of	O
large-scale	B-Architecture
distributed	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
toolchain	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
a	O
server	B-Application
(	O
the	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
Director	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
tool	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
typically	O
used	O
to	O
package	B-Application
,	O
deploy	O
and	O
manage	O
cloud	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
by	O
VMware	O
in	O
2010	O
to	O
deploy	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
PaaS	B-Application
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
other	O
software	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Hadoop	B-Application
,	O
RabbitMQ	B-Application
,	O
or	O
MySQL	B-Application
for	O
instance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
designed	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
whole	O
lifecycle	O
of	O
large	O
distributed	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
can	O
manage	O
deployments	O
on	O
both	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
Director	O
communicates	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
Infrastructure	B-General_Concept
as	I-General_Concept
a	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
(	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
)	O
provider	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
underlying	O
networking	O
and	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
(	O
VMs	B-Architecture
)	O
(	O
or	O
containers	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
providers	O
are	O
supported	O
:	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
EC2	O
,	O
Apache	B-General_Concept
CloudStack	I-General_Concept
,	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Engine	I-General_Concept
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
,	O
OpenStack	B-Application
,	O
and	O
VMware	B-Application
vSphere	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
help	O
support	O
more	O
underlying	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
providers	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
uses	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
Cloud	O
Provider	O
Interface	O
(	O
CPI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
CPI	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
providers	O
listed	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
the	O
CPI	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
VMs	B-Architecture
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
containers	B-Application
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Few	O
CPIs	O
exist	O
for	O
deploying	O
containers	B-Application
with	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
and	O
only	O
one	O
is	O
actively	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
one	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
uses	O
a	O
CPI	O
that	O
deploys	O
Pivotal	O
Software	O
's	O
Garden	O
containers	B-Application
(	O
Garden	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
Docker	B-Language
)	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
run	O
by	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
or	O
VMware	B-Operating_System
Workstation	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
theory	O
,	O
any	O
other	O
container	B-Application
engine	O
could	O
be	O
supported	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
necessary	O
CPIs	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
indifferently	O
supporting	O
deployments	O
on	O
VMs	B-Architecture
or	O
containers	B-Application
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
uses	O
the	O
generic	O
term	O
“	O
instances	O
”	O
to	O
designate	O
those	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
CPI	O
to	O
choose	O
whether	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
“	O
instance	O
”	O
is	O
actually	O
a	O
VM	O
or	O
a	O
container	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
installed	O
,	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
server	B-Application
accepts	O
uploading	O
root	O
filesystems	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
stemcells	O
”	O
)	O
and	O
packages	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
releases	O
”	O
)	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
server	B-Application
has	O
the	O
necessary	O
bits	O
for	O
deploying	O
a	O
given	O
software	O
system	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
told	O
to	O
proceed	O
,	O
as	O
described	O
by	O
a	O
YAML	B-Protocol
deployment	O
manifest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
then	O
progressively	O
deploys	O
“	O
instances	O
”	O
(	O
VMs	B-Architecture
or	O
containers	B-Application
)	O
,	O
using	O
canaries	O
to	O
avoid	O
deploying	O
failing	O
configurations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
a	O
software	O
system	O
is	O
deployed	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
monitors	O
its	O
instances	O
continuously	O
to	O
allow	O
detecting	O
failing	O
instances	O
,	O
and	O
resurrecting	O
any	O
missing	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
deployment	O
manifest	O
is	O
changed	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
accepts	O
to	O
roll	O
out	O
the	O
implied	O
modifications	O
proceeding	O
progressively	O
,	O
instance	O
by	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
can	O
upgrade	O
live	O
clusters	O
with	O
possibly	O
no	O
downtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
release	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
an	O
archive	B-Application
file	I-Application
or	O
a	O
git	B-Application
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
both	O
cases	O
,	O
it	O
describes	O
a	O
software	O
system	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
with	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
are	O
made	O
of	O
“	O
packages	O
”	O
and	O
“	O
jobs	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Roughly	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
packages	O
provide	O
something	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
,	O
and	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
jobs	O
describe	O
how	O
these	O
things	O
are	O
configured	O
and	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
package	B-Application
details	O
the	O
necessary	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
binary	O
assets	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
blobs	O
”	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
compilation	O
scripts	O
for	O
building	O
a	O
given	O
software	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
release	O
that	O
is	O
provided	O
as	O
an	O
archive	B-Application
file	I-Application
,	O
blobs	O
are	O
directly	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
with	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
that	O
are	O
provided	O
as	O
git	B-Application
repositories	O
,	O
doing	O
the	O
same	O
tends	O
to	O
be	O
problematic	O
when	O
blobs	O
get	O
big	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
's	O
why	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
release	O
provides	O
a	O
concept	O
of	O
“	O
blobstore	O
”	O
,	O
from	O
where	O
referenced	O
blobs	O
can	O
be	O
fetched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
use	O
blobstores	O
that	O
are	O
backed	O
by	O
public	O
Amazon	O
S3	O
buckets	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
ways	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
a	O
private	O
or	O
a	O
local	O
“	O
blobstore	O
”	O
in	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
packages	O
are	O
always	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
compilation	O
phase	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
this	O
just	O
extracts	O
files	O
from	O
an	O
archive	O
and	O
copies	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
proper	O
target	O
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
compile	O
a	O
given	O
package	B-Application
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
spawns	O
an	O
ephemeral	O
compilation	O
instance	O
(	O
VM	O
or	O
container	B-Application
)	O
that	O
only	O
includes	O
any	O
required	O
packages	O
and	O
blobs	O
,	O
as	O
declared	O
by	O
the	O
package	B-Application
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
dedicated	O
instance	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
runs	O
the	O
compilation	O
script	O
,	O
and	O
seals	O
the	O
compilation	O
result	O
in	O
its	O
database	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
safely	O
used	O
for	O
reproducible	O
deployments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
jobs	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
provide	O
configuration	O
properties	O
(	O
that	O
can	O
possibly	O
be	O
documented	O
)	O
,	O
templates	O
for	O
configuration	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
startup	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
jobs	O
refer	O
to	O
one	O
or	O
many	O
packages	O
as	O
dependencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jobs	O
are	O
also	O
sealed	O
into	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
database	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
templates	O
for	O
configuration	O
files	O
are	O
rendered	O
at	O
deploy	O
time	O
,	O
where	O
all	O
configuration	O
properties	O
are	O
resolved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcell	O
packages	O
the	O
basics	O
for	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
instance	O
(	O
VM	O
or	O
container	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Namely	O
,	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcell	O
ships	O
an	O
Operating	O
System	O
image	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
agent	O
and	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
monit	B-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
services	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
jobs	O
”	O
)	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
agent	O
helps	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
instance	O
during	O
all	O
its	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stemcell	O
concept	O
in	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Virtual	B-Architecture
Machine	I-Architecture
Images	O
like	O
Amazon	O
's	O
AMIs	B-Application
,	O
but	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcells	O
are	O
not	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
specialized	O
for	O
any	O
particular	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
only	O
provides	O
different	O
stemcells	O
for	O
supporting	O
different	O
Operating	O
Systems	O
(	O
CentOS	O
,	O
Ubuntu	O
or	O
Windows	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
different	O
underlying	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
providers	O
(	O
AWS	B-Application
or	O
OpenStack	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
instances	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcell	O
are	O
identical	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
inception	O
,	O
instances	O
are	O
configured	O
with	O
different	O
CPU/memory/storage/network	O
,	O
and	O
installed	O
with	O
different	O
software	B-Application
packages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
instances	O
built	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcell	O
can	O
behave	O
differently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
agent	O
is	O
a	O
service	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
every	O
BOSH-deployed	O
VM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
deployment	O
is	O
basically	O
a	O
YAML	B-Protocol
deployment	O
manifest	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
describes	O
the	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
and	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcells	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
and	O
compose	O
jobs	O
into	O
groups	O
of	O
identical	O
instances	O
(	O
historically	O
misnamed	O
“	O
jobs	O
”	O
and	O
later	O
renamed	O
“	O
instance	O
groups	O
”	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
these	O
“	O
instance	O
groups	O
”	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
can	O
span	O
identical	O
instances	O
(	O
VMs	B-Architecture
or	O
containers	B-Application
)	O
across	O
different	O
availability	O
zones	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
minimise	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
all	O
instances	O
to	O
go	B-Application
down	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
particularly	O
useful	O
when	O
deploying	O
highly	B-General_Concept
available	I-General_Concept
databases	O
or	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
users	O
do	O
n't	O
work	O
with	O
deployment	O
manifest	O
as	O
one	O
big	O
YAML	B-Protocol
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
separate	O
files	O
are	O
merged	O
by	O
tools	O
like	O
spiff	O
or	O
spruce	O
,	O
right	O
before	O
they	O
get	O
uploaded	O
to	O
the	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
server	B-Application
and	O
deployed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
was	O
purposefully	O
constructed	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
four	O
principles	O
of	O
modern	O
release	O
engineering	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
ways	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
concept	O
of	O
“	O
release	O
”	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
packages	O
up	O
all	O
related	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
binary	O
assets	O
,	O
configurable	O
properties	O
,	O
compilation	O
scripts	O
,	O
and	O
startup	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
root	O
filesystems	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
deployed	O
instances	O
(	O
VMs	B-Architecture
or	O
containers	B-Application
)	O
,	O
as	O
single	O
images	O
called	O
“	O
stemcells	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
and	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
stemcells	O
are	O
identified	O
by	O
UUIDs	O
and	O
sealed	O
by	O
SHA-1	B-Algorithm
checksums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
tool	O
chain	O
provides	O
a	O
centralized	O
server	B-Application
for	O
operating	O
the	O
deployed	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
server	B-Application
holds	O
software	O
“	O
releases	O
”	O
,	O
Operating	O
System	O
images	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
stemcells	O
”	O
)	O
,	O
persistent	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
system	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
achieves	O
such	O
consistency	O
with	O
its	O
software	O
“	O
releases	O
”	O
,	O
that	O
bring	O
a	O
consistent	O
framework	O
for	O
developing	O
and	O
deploying	O
the	O
software	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
audit	O
and	O
accountability	O
are	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
server	B-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
see	O
and	O
track	O
changes	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
deployed	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
tool	O
chain	O
integrates	O
well	O
with	O
current	O
best	O
practices	O
of	O
software	O
engineering	O
(	O
including	O
Continuous	O
Delivery	O
)	O
by	O
providing	O
ways	O
to	O
easily	O
create	O
software	O
releases	O
in	O
an	O
automated	O
way	O
and	O
to	O
update	O
complex	O
deployed	O
systems	O
with	O
simple	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
to	O
address	O
shortcomings	O
found	O
in	O
available	O
tools	O
to	O
manage	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chef	B-Application
was	O
used	O
originally	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
limited	O
in	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
package	B-Application
,	O
spin	O
up/down	O
servers	O
,	O
limited	O
in	O
monitoring	O
and	O
self-management	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
developed	O
for	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
’s	O
own	O
needs	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
project	O
has	O
now	O
grown	O
to	O
be	O
completely	O
generic	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
orchestration	O
of	O
other	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
Hadoop	B-Application
,	O
RabbitMQ	B-Application
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
and	O
similar	O
platform	O
or	O
application	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
installation	O
is	O
made	O
of	O
several	O
separate	O
components	O
that	O
can	O
possibly	O
be	O
split	O
across	O
different	O
VMs	B-Architecture
or	O
containers	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
managed	O
environment	O
usually	O
centers	O
around	O
the	O
Director	O
deployed	O
on	O
a	O
VM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
connects	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
IaaS	B-General_Concept
layer	O
through	O
an	O
abstraction	O
called	O
the	O
CPI	O
(	O
Cloud	O
Provider	O
Interface	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
CPIs	O
available	O
for	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
,	O
certain	O
OpenStack	B-Application
versions	O
,	O
vSphere	O
,	O
vCloud	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
community	O
maintained	O
CPIs	O
exist	O
for	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Engine	I-General_Concept
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Azure	I-Application
and	O
CloudStack	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
as	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
release	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
create	O
a	O
“	O
chicken	O
or	O
egg	O
”	O
surprise	O
for	O
newcomers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
server	B-Application
is	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
software	O
that	O
can	O
deploy	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
provisioner	O
project	O
that	O
can	O
deploy	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
VM	O
,	O
a	O
Docker	B-Language
container	B-Application
,	O
or	O
a	O
bare	O
metal	O
server	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
component	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
packer	O
provisioner	O
,	O
which	O
creates	O
a	O
Vagrant	B-Application
box	O
running	O
BOSH-lite	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
what	O
most	O
users	O
rely	O
on	O
when	O
learning	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
a	O
sub-component	O
of	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
,	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
now	O
a	O
separate	O
open	O
source	O
project	O
,	O
that	O
aims	O
at	O
deploying	O
any	O
distributed	B-Architecture
software	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
all	O
contributions	O
to	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
are	O
made	O
by	O
Pivotal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pivotal	O
uses	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
to	O
orchestrate	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
within	O
Pivotal	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
(	O
PCF	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Pivotal	O
Data	O
Services	O
for	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Announced	O
public	O
users	O
of	O
BOSH	B-General_Concept
and	O
PCF	O
include	O
Axel	O
Springer	O
,	O
Corelogic	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Monsanto	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
SAP	O
,	O
and	O
Swisscom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BOSH	B-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
commercially	O
distributed	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
included	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Pivotal	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Foundry	I-General_Concept
,	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Bluemix	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
HP	B-General_Concept
Helion	I-General_Concept
Developer	I-General_Concept
Platform	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
and	O
supported	O
commercially	O
by	O
Cloud	O
Credo	O
,	O
Stark	O
&	O
Wayne	O
,	O
Gstack	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
