<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
software	O
for	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
Domain	B-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
most	O
prominent	O
component	O
,	O
named	O
(	O
pronounced	O
name-dee	O
:	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
name	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
performs	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
DNS	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
roles	O
,	O
acting	O
as	O
an	O
authoritative	O
name	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
for	O
DNS	B-Protocol
zones	I-Protocol
and	O
as	O
a	O
recursive	O
resolver	O
in	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2015	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
domain	B-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
software	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
on	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
suite	O
are	O
various	O
administration	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
nsupdate	B-Protocol
and	O
dig	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
a	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolver	O
interface	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
originates	O
as	O
an	O
acronym	O
of	O
Berkeley	B-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
Domain	I-Protocol
,	O
reflecting	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
use	O
within	O
UCB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
is	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
2000	O
and	O
still	O
actively	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
Internet	O
Systems	O
Consortium	O
(	O
ISC	O
)	O
with	O
new	O
releases	O
issued	O
several	O
times	O
a	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
is	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Important	O
features	O
of	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
include	O
:	O
TSIG	B-Protocol
,	O
nsupdate	B-Protocol
,	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
,	O
RNDC	B-Protocol
(	O
remote	O
name	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
control	O
)	O
,	O
views	O
,	O
multiprocessor	O
support	O
,	O
Response	O
Rate	O
Limiting	O
(	O
RRL	O
)	O
,	O
DNSSEC	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
broad	O
portability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RNDC	B-Protocol
enables	O
remote	O
configuration	O
updates	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
shared	O
secret	O
to	O
provide	O
encryption	O
for	O
local	O
and	O
remote	O
terminals	O
during	O
each	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
BIND	B-Protocol
offered	O
no	O
mechanism	O
to	O
store	O
and	O
retrieve	O
zone	B-Protocol
data	I-Protocol
in	I-Protocol
anything	I-Protocol
other	I-Protocol
than	I-Protocol
flat	I-Protocol
text	I-Protocol
files	I-Protocol
,	O
in	O
2007	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9.4	O
provided	O
a	O
compile-time	O
option	O
for	O
zone	O
storage	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
database	O
formats	O
including	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
,	O
Berkeley	B-Language
DB	I-Language
,	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
and	O
ODBC	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
10	O
planned	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
data	O
store	O
modular	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
databases	O
may	O
be	O
connected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
ISC	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
'	O
dyndb	O
 '	O
interface	O
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
RedHat	O
,	O
with	O
BIND	B-Protocol
version	O
9.11.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
issues	O
that	O
are	O
discovered	O
in	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
are	O
patched	O
and	O
publicly	O
disclosed	O
in	O
keeping	O
with	O
common	O
principles	O
of	O
open	O
source	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
complete	O
list	O
of	O
security	O
defects	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
discovered	O
and	O
disclosed	O
in	O
BIND9	B-Protocol
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
Internet	O
Systems	O
Consortium	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
authors	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BIND	B-Protocol
4	O
and	O
BIND	B-Protocol
8	O
releases	O
both	O
had	O
serious	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
was	O
a	O
complete	O
rewrite	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
mitigate	O
these	O
ongoing	O
security	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
was	O
originally	O
written	O
by	O
four	O
graduate	O
students	O
at	O
the	O
Computer	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Research	I-Operating_System
Group	I-Operating_System
(	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
)	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
Douglas	O
Terry	O
,	O
Mark	O
Painter	O
,	O
David	O
Riggle	O
and	O
Songnian	O
Zhou	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
DARPA	O
grant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
acronym	O
BIND	B-Protocol
is	O
for	O
Berkeley	B-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
Domain	I-Protocol
,	O
from	O
a	O
technical	O
paper	O
published	O
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
with	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
4.3BSD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
BIND	B-Protocol
through	O
4.8.3	O
were	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paul	O
Vixie	O
of	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
(	O
DEC	O
)	O
took	O
over	O
BIND	B-Protocol
development	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
releasing	O
versions	O
4.9	O
and	O
4.9.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vixie	O
continued	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
BIND	B-Protocol
after	O
leaving	O
DEC	O
.	O
BIND	B-Protocol
Version	O
4.9.2	O
was	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Vixie	O
Enterprises	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vixie	O
eventually	O
founded	O
the	O
Internet	O
Software	O
Consortium	O
(	O
ISC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
entity	O
responsible	O
for	O
BIND	B-Protocol
versions	O
starting	O
with	O
4.9.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
8	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
ISC	O
in	O
May	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
written	O
from	O
scratch	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
architectural	O
difficulties	O
with	O
auditing	O
the	O
earlier	O
BIND	B-Protocol
code	O
bases	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
support	O
DNSSEC	B-Protocol
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
Extensions	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
took	O
place	O
under	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
commercial	O
and	O
military	O
contracts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
were	O
funded	O
by	O
UNIX	O
vendors	O
who	O
wanted	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
BIND	B-Protocol
stayed	O
competitive	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
DNS	B-Protocol
offerings	O
;	O
the	O
DNSSEC	B-Protocol
features	O
were	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
military	O
,	O
which	O
regarded	O
DNS	B-Protocol
security	O
as	O
important	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BIND	B-Protocol
9	I-Protocol
was	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
DNS	B-Protocol
service	O
,	O
the	O
BIND10	O
suite	O
also	O
included	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
and	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
DHCP	O
server	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
with	O
BIND10	O
release	O
1.2.0	O
the	O
ISC	O
concluded	O
its	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
renamed	O
it	O
to	O
Bundy	B-Protocol
,	O
moving	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
repository	O
to	O
GitHub	B-Application
for	O
further	O
development	O
by	O
outside	O
public	O
efforts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
DHCP	O
components	O
was	O
split	O
off	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
Kea	B-Protocol
project	O
.	O
</s>
