<s>
An	O
automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
automobile	O
controls	O
or	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
add-on	O
used	O
to	O
find	O
direction	O
in	O
an	O
automobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mathematically	O
,	O
automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
shortest	O
path	O
problem	O
,	O
within	O
graph	O
theory	O
,	O
which	O
examines	O
how	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
path	O
that	O
best	O
meets	O
some	O
criteria	O
(	O
shortest	O
,	O
cheapest	O
,	O
fastest	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
are	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
self-driving	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
represent	O
a	O
convergence	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
diverse	O
technologies	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
available	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
too	O
costly	O
or	O
inaccessible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1973	O
:	O
Japan	O
's	O
Ministry	O
of	O
International	O
Trade	O
and	O
Industry	O
(	O
MITI	O
)	O
and	O
Fuji	O
Heavy	O
Industries	O
sponsored	O
CATC	O
(	O
Comprehensive	O
Automobile	O
Traffic	O
Control	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	O
research	O
project	O
on	O
automobile	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1981	O
:	O
The	O
earlier	O
research	O
of	O
CATC	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
automobile	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
from	O
Japanese	O
companies	O
Honda	O
,	O
Nissan	O
and	O
Toyota	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1981	O
:	O
Honda	O
's	O
Electro	O
Gyrocator	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
commercially	O
available	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1987	O
:	O
Toyota	O
introduced	O
the	O
World	O
's	O
first	O
CD-ROM-based	O
navigation	O
system	O
on	O
the	O
Toyota	O
Crown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1989	O
:	O
Gregg	O
Howe	O
of	O
Design	O
Works	O
USA	O
applied	O
Hunter	O
Systems	O
$	O
40,000	O
navigational	B-Application
computer	I-Application
to	O
the	O
Magna	O
Torrero	O
Concept	O
Car	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1991	O
:	O
General	O
Motors	O
partnered	O
with	O
the	O
American	O
Automotive	O
Association	O
,	O
Florida	O
Department	O
of	O
Transportation	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Orlando	O
to	O
create	O
TravTek	O
(	O
short	O
for	O
Travel	O
Technology	O
)	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
computerized	O
in-car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1991	O
:	O
Toyota	O
introduced	O
GPS	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
on	O
the	O
Toyota	O
Soarer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1991	O
:	O
Mitsubishi	O
introduced	O
GPS	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
on	O
the	O
Mitsubishi	O
Debonair	O
(	O
MMCS	O
:	O
Mitsubishi	O
Multi	O
Communication	O
System	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
provided	O
many	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
general	O
public	O
with	O
their	O
first	O
opportunity	O
to	O
use	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offered	O
turn-by-turn	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
via	O
wireless	O
internet	O
connection	O
,	O
with	O
both	O
GPS	O
and	O
speed	O
sensor	O
in	O
the	O
car	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
road	O
database	O
is	O
a	O
vector	B-Application
map	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
See	O
map	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
GDF	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
CD	B-Device
standard	O
for	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GDF	O
is	O
used	O
and	O
converted	O
onto	O
the	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
in	O
the	O
internal	O
format	O
of	O
the	O
navigation	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Navigation	O
Data	O
Standard	O
(	O
NDS	O
)	O
initiative	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
industry	O
grouping	O
of	O
car	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
navigation	O
system	O
suppliers	O
and	O
map	O
data	O
suppliers	O
whose	O
objective	O
is	O
the	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
format	O
used	O
in	O
car	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
allow	O
a	O
map	O
update	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
road	O
database	O
may	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
solid	O
state	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
(	O
ROM	B-Device
)	O
,	O
optical	O
media	O
(	O
CD	B-Device
or	O
DVD	O
)	O
,	O
solid	O
state	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
,	O
magnetic	O
media	O
(	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
)	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
scheme	O
is	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
base	O
map	O
permanently	O
stored	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
that	O
can	O
be	O
augmented	O
with	O
detailed	O
information	O
for	O
a	O
region	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
ROM	B-Device
is	O
always	O
programmed	O
at	O
the	O
factory	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
media	O
may	O
be	O
preprogrammed	O
,	O
downloaded	B-Application
from	O
a	O
CD	B-Device
or	O
DVD	O
via	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
wireless	O
connection	O
(	O
bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
directly	O
used	O
utilizing	O
a	O
card	B-Device
reader	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
Google	O
has	O
updated	O
Google	O
Maps	O
for	O
Android	O
and	O
iOS	B-Application
to	O
alert	O
users	O
when	O
a	O
faster	O
route	O
becomes	O
available	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
color	B-Device
LCD	I-Device
screens	O
on	O
some	O
automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
television	O
broadcasts	O
or	O
DVD	O
movies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
systems	O
integrate	O
(	O
or	O
communicate	O
)	O
with	O
mobile	O
phones	O
for	O
hands-free	O
talking	O
and	O
SMS	B-Device
messaging	I-Device
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
using	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
or	O
Wi-Fi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
can	O
include	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
for	O
meetings	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
traffic	O
and	O
public	O
transport	O
information	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Establishing	O
points	O
of	O
interest	O
in	O
real-time	O
and	O
transmitting	O
them	O
via	O
GSM	O
cellular	O
telephone	O
networks	O
using	O
the	O
Short	B-Device
Message	I-Device
Service	I-Device
(	O
SMS	B-Device
)	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Gps2sms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
vehicles	O
and	O
vessels	O
are	O
equipped	O
with	O
hardware	O
that	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
automatically	O
send	O
an	O
SMS	B-Device
text	O
message	O
when	O
a	O
particular	O
event	O
happens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
theft	O
,	O
anchor	O
drift	O
or	O
breakdown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
receiving	O
party	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
a	O
tow	O
truck	O
)	O
can	O
store	O
the	O
waypoint	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
,	O
draw	O
a	O
map	O
indicating	O
the	O
location	O
,	O
or	O
see	O
it	O
in	O
an	O
automotive	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
